Its ACT Day You only need a pencil and eraser If you finish early just sit there quietly you made put your head down but MAY NOT get out phones or books We will be done approximately 2 45 I want your opinion ID: 560535
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Howdy!" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Howdy!
It’s ACT DayYou only need a pencil and eraserSlide2
If you finish early just sit there quietly, you made put your head down but MAY NOT get out phones or books.
We will be done approximately 2: 45Slide3
I want your opinion…
Option 1: Team Teaching-everyone gets a topic and teaches to the small group (3 class periods to work on it, 1 to teach each other)
Option 2:
Mendenall teaches and assesses a new topic every class for 4 class periodsSlide4
Grab your Unit 5 Packets…
1. Periodic Table2 & 3. Notes: Matter and Atoms4 & 5: Element MaDnESs6 & 7: PreAssessment
8 & 9: Notes: Minerals, Minerals, Minerals….
10: Notes: Color and Hardness
11 & 12: Mineral MadnessSlide5
I know it’s a Mineral, but What KIND of mineral is it?Slide6
RECALL:
There are 5 characteristics a substance must possess to be considered a mineral
Rhodochrosite
1
2.
3
4.
5.Slide7
There are a few minerals that consist of single elements, these are called ____________________ elements.
A Rock is ____________________________Slide8
METHODS USED FOR IDENTIFYING THE TYPE OF MINERALSlide9
After you have identified that something IS a mineral, next it is time to determine WHICH MINERAL it is.Slide10
Color
The first thing you may notice about the mineral is the Color.Color should NOT be the only method used to identify minerals.Some minerals come in a variety of colorsSlide11
For example:Quartz (SiO
2): there’s black, white, clear, pink, purpleSlide12
Hematite (Fe
2O3 ) : there’s metallic gray and red and MORESlide13Slide14
Both are brown, but not the same thing.
Dirt and ChocolateSlide15
Until 12:45Work on
Mineral Madness!!!Slide16
Grab your Unit 5 Packets…
1. Periodic Table
2 & 3. Notes: Matter and Atoms
4 & 5: Element
MaDnESs
6 & 7: PreAssessment
8 & 9: Notes: Minerals, Minerals, Minerals….
10: Notes: Color and Hardness
11 & 12: Mineral MadnessSlide17
Let’s do a quick review….
Elements in EarthNative ElementsWhat’s a Mineral?Color for Identification.
Turn to page 6:
PreAssesmentSlide18
Hardness
A penny, a screw, a piece of glass, and your fingernailOut of these items which is the hardest?Which is the softest?Put them in order from softest to hardest.
What method did you use to derive your scale?Slide19
Hardness
The Mohs Hardness ScaleIn 1812 was devised by the German mineralogist Frederich Mohs
The hardness scale is used to rate the hardness of a mineralSlide20
It is a scale of 1-10; 1 being the softest and 10 the hardest
Whichever one scratches the other is harder, and if both scratch each other they are both the same hardness. Slide21
The hardness of some common items
A fingernail is 2½, a penny is about 3Slide22
The screw on your table is about 4 glass is 5½, Slide23
Common sandpaper uses artificial corundum and is hardness 9; garnet paper is 7½.
Diamonds are 10Slide24
For the rest of Today
Finish Mineral MadnessLook at the mineralsWrite downName of Mineral
The hardness
And the color
If you finish: Learn a row of minerals at a timeSlide25
Don’t worry Be Happy…it’s mineral timeSlide26Slide27Slide28Slide29
What methods of Identification have we discussed thus far…..
ColorHardnessNext is…..Slide30
How do they SHINE?Slide31
Luster
The luster of a mineral is the way its surface reflects light. It will be necessary, at least at first, only to distinguish between minerals with a metallic luster and those with one of the non-metallic lusters.Slide32
Metallic or NonMetallic?
What is this mineral?GALENA
METALLICSlide33
Metallic or NonMetallic?
What is this mineral?
MICA (muscovite)
NON MetallicSlide34
A metallic luster is a shiny, opaque appearance similar to a bright chrome bumper on an automobile.
Other shiny, but somewhat translucent or transparent lusters are grouped as non-metallic. Slide35
Most terms used to describe luster are self-explanatory:
metallic earthy waxy,greasyvitreous (glassy)adamantine (or brilliant, as in a faceted diamond). Can you think of some more….. _________________, _________________,Slide36
SO…When determining the luster of a mineral
Step 1: Is it Metallic or Nonmetallic? Step 2: If it is Nonmetallic, what term would you use to describe it?Slide37
For the rest of Today
Finish Mineral MadnessLook at the mineralsWrite downName of Mineral
hardness
color
Luster
If you finish: Learn a row of minerals at a timeSlide38
For the rest of Today
use your Mineral Identification sheet to determine the Luster of EVERY mineraldefine the optical propertiesfind example of the optical properties
Hint: Magnification and Double refraction only have ONE EXAMPLE
For the others list at least 3 examples
Lastly, learn all of the minerals in at least 2 rows Slide39
Don’t get anything out yetSlide40
Put everything up EXCEPT a Pencil and the numbered paper
YOU NEED a SCRAP PIECE OF PAPERNumber it 1-32Slide41
Your
Unit 5 Packets…1. Periodic Table2 & 3. Notes: Matter and Atoms4 & 5: Element MaDnESs6 & 7: PreAssessment8 & 9: Notes: Minerals, Minerals, Minerals….
10: Notes: Color and Hardness
11 & 12: Mineral
MaDnESs
13 & 14: Mineral Identification List
15 & 16: Luster, Optical Properties, Streak, Special Prop
17 & 18: Cleavage
19: FractureSlide42
Identifying A Mineral
To determine that it is a mineral you must check for which characteristics?
Which 3 Identification methods have we discussed thus far?Slide43
Optical Properties…
Property
Double refraction
Magnification
Translucent
Transparent
Opaque
Definition
Example(s)Slide44
Happy Monday
Play the matching game. You need a piece of scrap paper, # it 1-32. Slide45Slide46
Optical Properties…
Property
Double refraction
Magnification
Translucent
Transparent
Opaque
Definition
Example(s)Slide47
Optical Properties…
Property
Double refraction
Magnification
Translucent
Transparent
Opaque
Definition
an optical property in which a single ray of light entering an medium is split into two rays, each traveling in a different direction. This creates a double image.
To increase in apparent size
letting light through diffusely: objects on the other side cannot be clearly distinguished
easily seen through: allowing light to pass through with little or no interruption
impervious to light, so that images cannot be seen through it
Example(s)Slide48
The next test to determine the identity of a mineral is….
StreakSlide49
Streak
The color of a mineral when it is powdered is called the streak of the mineral.Slide50
Streak
Crushing and powdering a mineral eliminates some of the effects of impurities and structural flaws, and is therefore more diagnostic for some minerals than their color. Slide51
Streak
Streak can be determined for any mineral by crushing it with a hammer, Slide52
but it is more commonly (and less destructively) obtained by rubbing the mineral across the surface of a hard, unglazed porcelain material called a streak plate.Slide53Slide54
Streak
The color of the powder left behind on the streak plate is the mineral's True Color.Slide55
The streak and color of some minerals are the same.
For others, the streak may be quite different from the color, as for example the red-brown streak of hematite, often a gray to silver-gray mineral. Slide56Slide57
Streak
The combination of luster, color, and streak may be enough to permit identification of the mineral.Slide58
IF the mineral scratches the plate
Then the mineral is harder than the plate and will not produce a streak, it will scratch the plate.Slide59
Let’s STREAK!!!Slide60
HIGrab your packets!
We have a little tiny bit to do.Slide61
Special properties of minerals
Magnetite is magneticHalite tastes saltySlide62
Sulfur smells badSlide63
Fluorite glows under ultraviolet light.Slide64
2327 W. Farm Road 190Springfield, MO 65810Slide65
For the rest of Today
Complete Mineral MadnessComplete your Mineral ID Sheetdefine the optical propertiesfind example of the optical properties
1 Double refraction
2 Magnification
3 examples for the others
Lastly, learn all of the minerals
Happy Streaking!Slide66
Play the matching game!
Elements Native elements
what’s a mineral
Color
Hardness
Luster
Streak
Special propertiesSlide67Slide68Slide69Slide70
Here’s another….
Fizz, Fizz, FizzSlide71
Special properties of minerals
Calcite and hydrochloric acidThe best property of calcite is the acid test. Slide72
Why? Because calcite always will effervesce (bubble) when even cold weak acids are placed on specimens. Slide73
The carbon dioxide gas (
CO2) is given off as bubbles and the calcium dissolves in the residual water. Any acid, just about, can produce these results, but dilute hydrochloric acid or vinegar are the two recommended acids for this test. Slide74
Other carbonates such as
dolomite do not react as easily with these acids as does calcite and this leads to differentiating these somewhat similar minerals more readily. Slide75
CaCO
3 + 2 HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2
O
Calcium Hydrochloric Calcium Carbon Water
Carbonate Acid Chloride Dioxide Slide76
ACID TEST
On the Back of your notes…WRITEA-B-C-D-E-Slide77
For the rest of Today
Complete Mineral MadnessComplete your Mineral ID Sheetdefine the optical propertiesfind example of the optical properties
1 Double refraction
2 Magnification
3 examples for the others
Acid Test on the other Teacher desk
Lastly, learn all of the minerals
Happy Streaking!Slide78
Bellwork
What is the purpose of doing a streak test?
When a
mineral scratches
t he
streak
plate you may infer what?
What happens when acid comes in contact with a rock that contains calcite? Why is this occurrence relevant to the Ozarks?Slide79Slide80
Let’s watch….
A video clip full of CleavageSlide81
Cleavage and CRYSTAL SHAPESlide82
When a mineral breaks it does so either by
fracturing or by cleaving. Crystal cleavage is a smooth break producing what appears to be a flat crystal face. There are rules about cleavage. Slide83
Cleavage is reproducible, meaning that a crystal can be broken along the same parallel plane over and over again.
The same mineral will always, always have the same cleavage. Slide84
The tendency for minerals to cleave or not and in which directions, is very characteristic and therefore important to the identification of minerals. Slide85
Cleavage is described in terms of how easy the cleavage is produced. From easiest to hardest to produce the terms are:
Perfectimperfect good DistinctIndistinct
poorSlide86
Cleavage is said to be
basal when it occurs parallel to the base of the crystalExample; micaSlide87
Multiple cleavages that produce geometric polygons are referred to using the name of the geometric polygon, Slide88
octahedral
cleavage in the mineral fluorite; has 8 sides.Slide89
cubic
cleavage; also known as isometric crystal; found in the mineral halite; looks like a cubeSlide90Slide91
rhombohedral
cleavage in calcite Slide92
How would you describe the cleavage of this mineral?
What is this mineral?Slide93
Let’s Draw it…
Halite- cubic cleavage
Calcite-
Rhombohedral
cleavageSlide94
Cleavage occurs in minerals that have specific planes of weakness.Slide95
For the rest of Today
Complete Mineral Madness (p. 11-12)
Complete your Mineral ID Sheet (p. 13-14)
Define the optical properties (p. 15)
find example of the optical properties
1 Double refraction
2 Magnification
3 examples for the others
Acid Test on the other Teacher desk (p. 16)
Lastly, STUDY all of the minerals
Make sure all
YELLOW CARDS
are placed with the correct mineralSlide96
Stop hereSlide97
What mineral do you see here?
Any idea why they look so different?Slide98Slide99Slide100Slide101
The Crystal Shape often determines these planes of weakness and contribute to how the mineral will break.Slide102
Types of Crystals….Read the backSlide103Slide104
Explain how Sinkholes relate to the study of minerals.Slide105
Quick ReviewIf a mineral breaks and has a nice, smooth break, it is said to have ____________________?
What mineral tests have we discussed.Slide106
FRACTURE
Many minerals lack any cleavage at all and will only show fractures. Slide107Slide108
Conchoidal
fracture- the fracture is smooth and curved like the inside of a clam shell, this type of fracture was widely used to make tools and weapons by Native Americans Example; quartz
,
chert
,
obsidian
(a rock)Slide109Slide110
Earthy fracture
is reminiscent of freshly broken soil. It is frequently seen in relatively soft, loosely bound minerals, such as limonite and
kaoliniteSlide111Slide112
Hackly fracture
(also known as jagged fracture) is jagged, sharp and uneven. It occurs when metals are torn, and so is often encountered in native metals such as
copper
and
silver
.Slide113Slide114
Uneven fracture
is self descriptive. It occurs in a wide range of minerals including pyrite and magnetite.Slide115Slide116
Splintery fracture
comprises sharp elongated points. It is particularly seen in fibrous minerals such as hornblende or satin spar gypsum.Slide117
What is Missouri’s state mineral?
GalenaSlide118
For the rest of Today
Complete Mineral Madness (p. 11-12)
Complete your Mineral ID Sheet (p. 13-14)
Define the optical properties (p. 15)
find example of the optical properties
1 Double refraction
2 Magnification
3 examples for the others
Acid Test on the other Teacher desk (p. 16)
Lastly, STUDY all of the minerals
Make sure all
YELLOW CARDS
are placed with the correct mineralSlide119Slide120
STOP HERE
The rest has not been edited for this year.Slide121
Happy Friday
Please get a scrap piece of paper and number 1-32.Slide122
What you need to do today
Put packet in order p.1-11Make sure it is complete.P. 5 Mineral MadnessP. 8 ALL COLUMNSP. 9 Optical Properties & examplesAcid TestCrystal Shapes SHOWN to Me