TVM Sample Problems (ver. - PowerPoint Presentation

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TVM Sample Problems (ver. 2.31 Jan 18)

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More Than One Future Cash Flow?

Yes

No

Even or Uneven Cash Flows

Uneven

Even

CF Worksheet

Annuity

(5 parameters)

Single FV

(4 parameters)

More Than One Pmt per year?

Yes

No

Compute n

Draw Time Line

Add Cash Flows

Draw Time Line

Add Cash Flows

Ord. Annuity or An. Due?

List Inputs

Know What You Need to Find?

Compute the Answer

Yes

Inventory What You Know

To Identify What

You Don’t Know

Note: Usually (but not always),

One of the Five Parameters

Is Irrelevant

No

More Than One Pmt per year? Use

Periodic RateSlide2

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TVM Sample Problems (ver. 2.3 Sep 17)Slide3

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1.

To complete your business school education, you will need $10,000 a year for the next four years, starting next year (that is, you will need to pay for one year’s worth of schooling at the beginning of the year, one year from today). Your rich uncle offers to put you through school and he will deposit a lump sum into a saving account paying 7% p.a. sufficient to defray these expenses. The deposit will be made today. How large must the deposit be? (Assume your uncle is rich because he won the lottery and he doesn’t know much about finance stuff.)

2.

You are considering financing a new car which cost $51,300 with an amortized loan. The nominal rate is 2.9% p.a., the term of the loan is 6 years and you will make monthly payments. How much will each payment be?

TVM Sample Problems (ver. 2.3 Sep 17)Slide4

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3.

How many years will it take for your savings account to accumulate $1m if it pays 4% interest p.a. compounded semiannually and you deposit $10k every 6-months at the end of the 6-month period?

4.

Today you deposited $1,300 in a bank that pays 5% p.a., compounded quarterly. How much money would you have in this account 20 months from now?

TVM Sample Problems Slide5

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5.

What is the future value of an annuity due yielding 9.6400% p.a. that pays quarterly payments of $1,000 for 9 mos?

(Do the math; do not use the financial functions on your calculator. Draw a cash flow diagram)5TVM Sample Problems Slide6

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6.

Today you deposited $700 in a mutual fund that has been yielding a constant 6% p.a. for the last several years. You plan to deposit $700 every 3 months thereafter for the next 4 years (i.e. the next deposit will be made 1 April, the subsequent deposit on 1 July, etc.) How much money will have accumulated after 4 years?

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Today

you deposited $700 in a mutual fund that has been yielding a constant 6% p.a. for the last several years. You plan to deposit $700 every 3 months thereafter for the next 4 years (i.e. the next deposit will be made 1 April, the subsequent deposit on 1 July, etc.) How much money will have accumulated after 4 years to include a payment to be made at the beginning of the first quarter of the fifth year.

TVM Sample Problems Slide7

8.

You are considering leasing a car that cost $46,000. The lease will be for 5 years and requires monthly payments. Somewhere on the lease paperwork you notice a statement to the affect that you will be charged a nominal rate of 6.2850% p.a. Assume the car will be worth $20,000 at the end of the lease. What kind of annuity is this?___________________ How much will your payments be?

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9.

You are tasked with estimating the fair market value of a security that promises uneven future payments. The table below shows the monthly payment schedule (each cash flow occurs at the end of the

month). You consider 6% p.a. to be the appropriate opportunity cost. What is the theoretical value of this security? 1st month

2

nd month

3rd month4

th month5th month

6th month$350

$390

$480

$660

$820$940

TVM Sample ProblemsSlide9

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10.

Today you open a new investment account for your company with a $30,000 deposit. The account has had an average yield of 7.5600% p.a. over the last three years and compounds every

month. You plan to deposit $30,000 into this account every quarter, at the beginning of the quarter. Your next deposit will be three months from now. How much will you have in this account 3 years from now?.9TVM Sample Problems Slide10

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11.

You are considering buying one of the two securities described below. What is the fair market value of each security and which one is priced closer to its fair market value?

Security A: A 2-year investment period yielding 6.35% p.a.; monthly payments of $75; priced at $1950.Security B: A 2-year investment period yielding 6.25% p.a.; 3 payments of $62.50 at the end of each of each successive 6-month period and a final lump sum payment of $1,062.50; priced at $1300.Security A:TVM Sample Problems Slide11

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TVM Sample Problems Slide12

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12.

You are considering buying a security that offers 10 semiannual payments of $200 (to be paid at the end of every 6-months) priced at $1,650. You will receive the first payment six months from purchase. You are not willing to give the seller more than a 10% rate of profit on this transaction. Will you buy this security? Your opportunity cost of capital is

13.1548% .TVM Sample Problems (ver. 2.2 Feb 17)Slide13

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13.

Retirement Plan You plan to retire on your 65th birthday. You want to withdraw $100,000.00 each year at the beginning of each year. You plan to live until your 88th birthday and you want your account balance to be $0 on that day (this is for planning purposes only). How much money you must deposit annually into a retirement account starting on your 25th birthday to fund the above described retirement plan. You estimate the average rate of return over the rest of your life will be 7% p.a.

TVM Sample Problems Slide14

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14.

Martha Mills, manager of the Plaza Gold Emporium, wants to allow her customers to buy on credit, giving them 3 months in which to pay. However, Martha will have to borrow from her bank to establish the credit reserve. The bank will charge 7% p.a. interest compounded monthly. Martha wants to quote a simple rate to her customers that will exactly cover her financing cost. What simple (quoted, nominal) should Martha quote to her customers. Assume that all customers will take the full 3 months to pay. (Hint: the credit account compounds quarterly.)

TVM Sample Problems Slide15

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PMT = 50

1

2

0

3

4

PV = ?

nominal = 8.24%

PMT = 1000

Another way:

Recognize the cash flows as such (this looks like a bond or a non-amortized loan)

TVM Sample ProblemsSlide16

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15.

On 1 January you deposited $500 in a savings account that pays 3% p.a.. You plan to deposit $500 every three months thereafter (i.e. the next deposit will be on 1 April, the subsequent deposit on 1 July, etc.) How much money will have accumulated after 14 months? Wrong Ans: $2,383.37

PMT = $500

1

2

0

3

4

FV = ?

5

m = 4

T = 14/12 =1.1666667

n = m x T = 4.666667

n = 4.666667

Cash Flow

PV

n

r

periodic

FV

0

$500.00

4.6667

0.7500%

$517.74

1

$500.00

3.6667

0.7500%

$513.89

2

$500.00

2.6667

0.7500%

$510.06

3

$500.00

1.6667

0.7500%

$506.27

4

$500.00

0.6667

0.7500%

$502.50

Solution Option 1:

Compound each CF forward and sum them:

Sum of FVs:

$2,550.46

Solution Option 2:

1) Find the FV at t=4:

PMT = $500

1

2

0

3

4

5

FV = ?

Set “END”, P/Y=4, N=4, I/Y=3,

PV=500

, PMT=500; CPT, FV: $2,537.78

2) Compound $2,537.78 forward 0.666667 periods

PV = $500

3

4

5

FV = ?

n = 0.666667

PV =

$2,537.78

P/Y=4, N=0.666667, I/Y=3, PV= 2537.78; CPT, FV:

$2,550.46

TVM Sample Problems Slide17

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16.

If you save $500 each year for 2 years and then $1,000 each for two years, how much must you save in the 5th

and 6th years to have $10,000 at the end of 10 years if the interest rate is 5% p. a.?

$500[(1.05)

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+(1.05)8] + $1,000[(1.05)7 + (1.05)6] + x[(1.05)5 + (1.05)4] = $10,000$500(3.0288) + $1,000(2.7472) + x(2.4918) = $10,000$1,514.3918 + $2,747.2000 + x(2.4918) = $10,000x(2.4918) = $10,000 - $1,514.3918 - $2,747.2000

x = $5,738.4082 / 2.4918x = $2,302.92

0

2

3

4

1

$500

$1,000

PMT = ?

5

6

7

8

9

10

FV = $10,000

1

2

8

9

10

PMT = $100,000

PV = ?

0

17.

A football coach is leaving his current school. In doing so, he is giving up an annuity of $100,000 per year for 10 years that would begin when he turns 60. The coach is 45. His new school has offered to make up the loss of the annuity with a lump sum payment when he moves. How much should the new school pay if the interest rate is 7% p.a.?

Step 1

: Compute the value of the annuity at age 60

P/Y=1, SET BGN, N=10, I/Y=7, PMT=100000; CPT, PV: PV =

$751,523.22

46

47

58

59

60

FV = $751,523.22

PV = ?

45

Step 2:

Discount the value computed in Step 1 to age 45

P/Y=1, N=15, I/Y=7, FV=751523.22; CPT, PV: PV =

$272,386.60

TVM Sample Problems Slide18

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Formulas:

Future Value

: FV = PV(1 + r/m)n Present Value: PV = FV / (1 + r/m)n Find r:Find n: n = LN(FV / PV) / LN(1 + r/m)

Find FV of an Ordinary Annuity:

FVA = PMT [( (1 + r/m)

n – 1) / (r/m)]Find FV of an Annuity Due: FVA,due = FVA(1 + r/m)Find PV of an Ordinary Annuity: PVA = PMT[((1 + r/m)n – 1) / ((r/m) (1 + r/m)

n)]Find PV of an Annuity Due: PVA,due = PVA(1 + r/m)Find PMT of an Annuity:Ordinary Annuity (FV is Given) PMT = FVA

[(r/m)/((1 + r/m)n – 1)]Ordinary Annuity (PV is Given) PMT = PVA[(r/m)(1 + r/m)n / ( (1 + r/m)n – 1)]Annuity Due (FV is Given) PMT = FVA,due [(r/m) / ( (1 + r/m)n

– 1)] / (1 + r/m)Annuity Due (PV is Given)

PMT = PVA,due [(r/m)(1 + r/m)

n / ( (1 + r/m)n – 1)] / (1 + r/m)Effective Annual Rate (EAR): EAR = ( 1 + rnominal / m )m – 1PV of a Perpetuity: PMT/(r/m)

r =

n

FV / PV

- 1