Lice, Flea & Bedbug Dr. ISMAIL - PowerPoint Presentation

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2. Lice, Flea & BedbugDr. ISMAIL EL-SHAHAWYProfessor of ParasitologyHead of Parasitology Department

3. Features5-73 mm in length2 pair of wingsFlattened appearanceYellow/brown colorAgileExhibits endophagic behaviorActive at night, in latrines*Responsible forDiarrheal diseasesTyphoid feverDysentery

4. Morphology

5. The German cockroach is most troublesome, which prefers indoor locations. Oriental and American cockroaches occasionally pose problems in moist, humid areas. Habits

6. Cockroaches are vectors for serious diseases such as:E. coliSalmonellaDysenteryContaminate food & food contact surfaces through:DroppingsMechanical transferGerman cockroach(Blatella germanica)Brownbanded cockroach (Supella longipalpa ) Oriental cockroach (Blatella orientalis)American cockroach (Periplaneta Americana)SpeciesMedical importance

7. Incomplete Metamorphosis Eggs deposited in “packs” called oothecae 3 – 5 nymphal instars Total lifespan in a dwelling – 8 – 12 weeks Most temperate pest species lack overwintering stage.Life cycle

8. MouthpartsAntennaeElytra (hard fore wings)Membranoushind wingsabdomenBeetle structureOrder: CleopteraMorphology

9. Life cycle

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11. I.M.H: for Raillietina species, Hymenolepis, Capillaria hepatica, Spirocerca lupiAnnoyance : Cantheriasis; ScarbiasisBlister beetles receive their common name from the ability of their hemolymph to produce blistering on contact with human skinMedical importance

12. life cycleThe life cycle is the same as a butterfly’s: egg, larva pupa, adultEggs and pupae do not need to eat.I.M.H for Dicrocoelium dendriticumI.M.H for Raillietina spp. of poultryOrder : HymenopteraAnts (Formica fosica)Medical importance

13. Bed BugsOrder: Hemiptera

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16. Other Potential HostsChickensPigeonsCatsDogs Rodents

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18. Life cycle

19. MattressesCrevices in box springsBacksides of HeadboardsClothingLoose wallpaper Behind hanging picturesMigrating from one apartment to another through holes in walls, water pipes or gutters Where to Hide?

20. Beg Bugs as Vectors of Distress StressAnxietyDepressionFatigue

21. How to Get Rid of Bed Bugs! Don’t throw away mattresses—vacuum and seal.Wash all clothing, linens, and bedding in hot water Vacuum the house to remove bugs and eggs from carpet, and wallsRepair cracks in plaster, and glue down loosened wallpaper Apply insecticides to cracks but not in your sleeping area. Repeat in 2 weeks Enlist the services of a professional pest control firm

22. Clinical Manifestations Common Reactions 2 to 5 mm pruritic maculopapular, erythematous lesions at feeding sites. Complex Reactions: Local urticaria, or bullous rash Resolves within a week Treatment of Bite Reactions Antipruritic Agents Intermediate potency Corticosteroids--TriamcinoloneTopical Mupirocin

23. Painless, red papules, often in rowsMedical Importance of Bed Bug BitesMost commonly: small inflamed pruritic bumps that resolve in 1-2 wkAllergic reaction: skin reaction resulting in urticaria (hives) evolving into fluid-filled rashes, Complicated by secondary bacterial infections.Rarely, asthma occurs and may be accompanied by more extensive urticaria and anaphylaxis

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27. Problems caused by BedbugsNuisanceSleepless nightsInflamed skin lesionsStained sheets and mattressesPsychological stress from infested environment

28. Family ReduviidaeTriatoma megista

29. Morphology

30. Triatomines undergo incomplete metamorphosis. A wingless first instar nymph hatches from an egg, about the size of the tip of a fork. It passes successively through 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instars. Finally, the fifth instar turns into an adult, acquiring two pairs of wings.All triatomine species are potential vectors of the Chagas disease parasite Trypanosoma cruziMedical importanceLife Cycle

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32. Order :Phthiraptera (lice)IdentificationSmall, flattened & winglessShort stout legs; end in strong clawsPermanent ectoparasites on birds & mammalsBiting liceBiting & chewing mouth partsHead is as wide as or wider than thoraxMostly associated with birds (also mammals)Sucking licePiercing & sucking mouth partsHead generally narrower than thoraxSuborder AnopluraAssociated with mammals (also humans)

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34. Chewing LiceBird HostsFeed on skin, feathersMallophaga – includes 3 suborders (cf. Table 6.1 in text)Many are poultry pests, some affect mammalian livestock as well.Sucking LiceMostly Mammalian HostsFeed on blood/body fluidsAnoplura – No suborders, 8 families (cf. Table 6.1 in text)All three human pests are in thing group.

35. Life cycle

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37. Three main pathogenic diseases:Epidemic TyphusLouse-Borne Relapsing FeverTrench FeverMedical importance

38. Body lice can be transmitted from one person to another through contact, clothing or bedding; head lice usually transmitted through physical contact Infestations with lice usually are not life threatening, unless the lice carry some sort of disease organisms (e.g., it is a major vector for relapsing fever, epidemic typhus and trench fever) The lice normally cause red papules and cause severe itching which can lead to dermatitis and secondary infection; years of infection can lead to darkened, thickened skin a condition known as vagabond’s diseaseMedical importance

39. Order: SIPHONAPTERA(fleas)

40. SIPHONAPTERAGreek "siphon" (hollow tube) + "a" (without) + "pteron" (wing); Fleas are wingless and have tube-like mouthparts for sucking blood • Body hard, laterally compressed, and bristly • Legs long with large coxae and 5-segmented tarsi • Generally live as ectoparasites of mammals and birds. • Fleas transmit various pathogens, including tapeworm and bubonic plague.

41. Fleas - Life CycleLarva feeds on organic matter for ~24 daysPupal stage lasts ~ 7 daysNatural habitatAdult Eggs drop off hostEggs hatch in ~ 4 days

42. Pulex irritansXenopysella choepisNosopsyllus fasciatusDog and cat flea

43. • Fleas transmit pathogens that cause disease in humans and other animals. • The Cat and Dog flea are intermediate hosts for a tapeworm (Dipylidium caninum) that infects dogs, cats, and humans • Oriental Rat Flea is the primary vector of Yersinia pestis, the bacterial pathogen for bubonic plague. • The cat flea commonly infests dogs, dog flea may infest cats; both species may bite humansMedical importanceSand flea/jigger, Tunga penetrans • Infect humans, pigs, birds • Adapted to intracutaneous attachment, larvae free living, adults free living but after mating penetrate the hosts. • Soft areas are preferred for penetration • In the body attaches with mouth, swells and envelops itself leaving a spiracle for breathing • Irritations start when a flea is mature, scratching helps to release eggs

44. Flea BitesFleas - Disease TransmissionBubonic Plague (Black Death)Skin symptoms of plagueSkin reaction after flea biteTunga penetrans

45.  Vermiform, unsegmented, parasitic worms  No antennae  Two pairs of ventral retractile hooks near mouth  No respiratory, circulatory and excretory organs e.g. Linguatula (Tongue worm)Subphylum. Pentastomida Life cycle of Linguatula serrata: Adults live in the nose of dogs (and rarely of man). Embryonated eggs are set free via nasal mucus and/or feces. The thin outer is left out in drawings, since it disappears soon. If intermediate hosts swallow eggs, the four-legged primary larva hatches and migrates via blood vessels to the inner organs. Humans may also become accidental intermediate hosts. (4-11) Larval stages 2-11 are included in a capsule of host origin and grow after molts. When final hosts ingest raw (or uncooked) meat of intermediate hosts, the adult stages develop inside the nasal tractThey are wormlike parasites of the respiratory systems of vertebrates. They live in the nasopharyngeal region of mammals. Cats, dogs, fox, and other carnivores are normal hosts of this parasite. In most cases infected dogs and cats show no clinical signs. However, massive infections can cause rhinitis (inflammation of he nose) and nasopharingitis with chronic sneezing and/or coughing, purulent nasal discharge, nose bleeding (epistaxis)

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