Virus What am I Virus What am I Virus What am I Virus How do I spread Virus How do I spread Virus How do I spread Virus How do I spread Virus How do I spread Virus What is my relationship between human behavior and me ID: 920662
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Slide1
Virus
What am I?
Slide2Virus
What am I?
Slide3Virus
What am I?
Slide4Virus
What am I?
Slide5Virus
What am I?
Slide6Virus
How do I spread?
Slide7Virus
How do I spread?
Slide8Virus
How do I spread?
Slide9Virus
How do I spread?
Slide10Virus
How do I spread?
Slide11Virus
What is my relationship between human behavior and me?
Slide12Virus
What is my relationship between human behavior and me?
Slide13Virus
What is my relationship between human behavior and me?
Slide14Virus
What is my relationship between human behavior and me?
Slide15Virus
What is my relationship between human behavior and me?
Slide16Virus
What is my relationship between human behavior and me?
Slide17Virus
What is my relationship between human behavior and me?
Slide18What do you know about viruses?
ThinkAbout the questions
Pair
Talk
to your partner about the answers.
Share
Share with the class
What is a virus?
How do I spread?
What is my relationship between human behavior and me?
Slide19Video
Identify three new ideas about viruses
http://
209.68.130.2/videos/qt/300k/1_3161_300k.mov
Slide20Slide21Slide22New Questions you need answered.
As you read, open to address below and add your questions to “Web Response”http://PollEv.com
Or
Add your questions to post it notes.
Slide23QAR Strategy
Right There:
What is
vomito
Negro?
Think and Search:What is the pattern of the virus’s effect on the body?Author and you:How does Monet’s experience in the emergency room relate to your own experiences in an emergency room or some other time when you needed swift attention?On Your Own:If you were seated next to a passenger with these symptoms, what would you do?
Slide24E.coli and T4 phage
Slide25Virusbook
Taking advantage of our social network
Slide26Waiting for a flight
Slide27Procedures
You must wear goggles at all times.Day 1:Find a person from a different table.
Ask each other a question about the story.
Exchange 1 ml of water, if they did not know the answer, and ½ of ml of water if they did know the answer.
Find another person and ask another question.
Return to your desks and write down the names of the people you met.
Slide28Procedures
You must wear goggles at all times.Day 2:Find a person from a different table.
Ask each other a question about the story.
Exchange 1 ml of water, if they did not know the answer, and ½ of ml of water if they did know the answer.
Find another person and ask another question.
Return to your desks and write down the names of the people you met.
Slide29Infection
Slide30Did you contract the virus
One person in the Waiting room had the filovirus.
Who had it?
Did you have contact with that person?
Did you have contact with that person indirectly?
How can we be sure who has the virus?
Slide31Classify the questions
Right There
Think and Search
Author and You
On Your Own
Slide32Search
Pg 37-38; 62-67; 83-86; 98-100; 105-109; 117-118; 197-198http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/ebola.htm
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/pev/page4.html
82-84; 121-129; 153-157; 174-178; 185-192; 204-206; 323-325
Slide33Science @ Home
Email me tonight your answersjorlinsky@dusd.net
1. What is a virus?
2. How do they spread? 3. How does human behavior affect the spread of viruses. 4. one question from the Classify QAR
Slide34Read 215-17 & 360-371
Right ThereWhat other ways can filovirus
spread?
As you read…
Develop questions:
Think and SearchAuthor and youOn Your Own
Read
350-354
&
567-584
Slide35EBOLA POSTER
You will make a Ebola virus prevention poster.It must include.
Very few words,
Pictures showing how to prevent the spread of
the virus
.It should not scare people, but be informative.
Slide36Slide37Structure
20 nm
Genomes
Ds DNA (Papo, adeno, herpes, pox)
Ss DNA (Parvo)
Ds RNA (reovirus)Ss+ RNA (pico and toga) SS- RNA (Rhabdo,Paramyxo, Ortho)
Retrorivus ss RNA
Slide38Structure
CapsidsProtein coats
Phages
Slide39Some viruses have structures have membranous envelopes that help them infect hosts
These viral envelopes surround the capsids of influenza viruses and many other viruses found in animals
Viral envelopes, which are derived from the host cell’s membrane, contain a combination of viral and host cell molecules
Structure
Slide40LE 18-4c
Glycoprotein
80–200 nm (diameter)
RNA
Capsid
Influenza viruses
50 nm
Membranous
envelope
Slide41Bacteriophages, also called phages, are viruses that infect bacteria
They have the most complex capsids found among virusesPhages have an elongated capsid head that encloses their DNA
A protein tailpiece attaches the phage to the host and injects the phage DNA inside
Slide42LE 18-4d
80
225 nm
DNA
Head
Tail
sheath
Tail
fiber
Bacteriophage T4
50 nm
Slide43LE 18-5
DNA
VIRUS
Capsid
HOST CELL
Viral DNA
Replication
Entry into cell and
uncoating of DNA
Transcription
Viral DNA
mRNA
Capsid
proteins
Self-assembly of
new virus particles
and their exit from cell
Slide44Reproduction
Slide45Class/Family
Envelope
Examples/Disease
I. Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)
Adenovirus
No
Respiratory diseases, animal tumors
Papovavirus
No
Papillomavirus (warts, cervical cancer): polyomavirus (animal tumors)
Herpesvirus
Yes
Herpes simplex I and II (cold sores, genital sores); varicella zoster (shingles, chicken pox); Epstein-Barr virus (mononucleosis, Burkitt
’
s lymphoma)
Poxvirus
Yes
Smallpox virus, cowpox virus
Slide46Class/Family
Envelope
Examples/Disease
II. Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)
Parvovirus
No
B19 parvovirus (mild rash)
III. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)
Reovirus
No
Rotavirus (diarrhea), Colorado tick fever virus
Slide47Class/Family
Envelope
Examples/Disease
IV. Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA); serves as mRNA
Picornavirus
No
Rhinovirus (common cold); poliovirus, hepatitis A virus, and other enteric (intestinal) viruses
Coronavirus
Yes
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Flavivirus
Yes
Yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, hepatitis C virus
Togavirus
Yes
Rubella virus, equine encephalitis viruses
Slide48Class/Family
Envelope
Examples/Disease
V. ssRNA; template for mRNA synthesis
Filovirus
Yes
Ebola virus (hemorrhagic fever)
Orthomyxovirus
Yes
Influenza virus
Paramyxovirus
Yes
Measles virus; mumps virus
Rhabdovirus
Yes
Rabies virus
VI. ssRNA; template for DNA synthesis
Retrovirus
Yes
HIV (AIDS); RNA tumor viruses (leukemia)
Slide49Other Issues
HIV and AIDSViruses and Cancer
Vaccines
Plant Viruses
What’s New
Slide50LE 18-9
Capsid
Viral envelope
Glycoprotein
Reverse
transcriptase
RNA
(two identical
strands)
Slide51The viral DNA that is integrated into the host genome is called a provirus
Unlike a prophage, a provirus remains a permanent resident of the host cellThe host’s RNA polymerase transcribes the proviral DNA into RNA molecules
The RNA molecules function both as mRNA for synthesis of viral proteins and as genomes for new virus particles released from the cell
Slide52LE 18-10
HOST CELL
Reverse
transcription
Viral RNA
RNA-DNA
hybrid
DNA
NUCLEUS
Chromosomal
DNA
Provirus
RNA genome
for the
next viral
generation
mRNA
New HIV leaving a cell
HIV entering a cell
0.25 µm
HIV
Membrane of
white blood cell
Slide53Viral Diseases in Plants
More than 2,000 types of viral diseases of plants are known
Some symptoms are spots on leaves and fruits, stunted growth, and damaged flowers or roots
Slide54Slide55Plant viruses spread disease in two major modes:
Horizontal transmission, entering through damaged cell walls Vertical transmission, inheriting the virus from a parent
Slide56Viroids and Prions: The Simplest Infectious Agents
Viroids are circular RNA molecules that infect plants and disrupt their growth
Prions are slow-acting, virtually indestructible infectious proteins that cause brain diseases in mammals
Prions propagate by converting normal proteins into the prion version
Normal prion protein are water soluble.
Prion’s not water soluble.CJD and Mad cow Diseases
Slide57LE 18-13
Normal
protein
New
prion
Prion
Original
prion
Many prions
Slide58Evolution
Evolution of virusesAfter first cells
Fragments of cellular nucleic acids
Similar genomes to hosts oncoviruses
Plasmids or Transposons
Selfreplicating genetic material in bacteria and fungi
Slide59What’s new?
Prion’s can evolve: Scripps Research Institute in 2010…Each time the protein replicates they’re minor changes and errors.
Any changes in the environment results in the best suited shapes multiplying faster.
Slide60What’s new?
Prion’s found in Yeast and are a part of epigeneticsMIT 2011
Yeast prions affect RNA transcription that causes changes in the protein.
Found in 255 of the 700 different species of yeast.
May only be a yeast issue.
Slide61What’s new with viruses
8% of our DNA sequence has viral genomes2000
Syncytin a viral protein part of the evolution of placental mammals.
This protein fuses cells together; required in development of the placenta and fetus
Slide62The Story of Syncytin grows
Chimps gorillas and primates all have the same protein.found syncytin 1 and 2 part of pre-eclampsia
Dangerous high blood pressure if synctin 1 or 2 not working.
Syncytin 2 slow’s mother’s immunes system down so it does not attack the fetus.
2005 found syncytin in mice, and it is required for survival of the fetus.
Mouse and primate syncytin different sequences, different virus.
Slide63The Story of Syncytin grows
Rabbits have an additional different syncytin sequence.This sequence not in their closely related cousins: the Pika.
Conclusion: new Syncytin infected rabbits 30mya.
Slide64The Story of Syncytin grows
Syncytin in
Carnivores