Viroid Plant Pathogens Kenneth L Johnson II USDA National Needs Fellow University of Florida Plant Medicine Program IPM Florida IPM Apprentice Kirk W Martin SMNRCM CBSP USDA National Needs Fellow ID: 255573
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Slide1
Virus and Viroid Plant Pathogens
Kenneth L. Johnson II
USDA National Needs Fellow
University of Florida Plant Medicine Program
IPM Florida- IPM Apprentice
Kirk W. Martin SM(NRCM), CBSP
USDA National Needs Fellow
University of Florida Plant Medicine Program
IPM Florida-IPM Technical Information Specialist
Slide2
Begomovirus-Bean golden yellow mosaic virus
Family:
Geminiviridae
Description: Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is elongated and exhibits icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is geminate and has a diameter of 18-20 nm. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. The capsid consists of 22 capsomers. With a length of dimers 30 nm. (ICTV database)
2
R.G. Milne,
Istituto
di
Virologia
, CRN, Torino, ItalySlide3
Begomovirus-Bean golden yellow mosaic virus
Family:
Geminiviridae
Host(s): Wild bush bean, Macroptilium lathyroides, Common bush bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sieva bean, P. lunatus, Threelobe false mallow, Malvastrum coromandelianum
3
Leaf symptoms:
vein yellow net,
interveinal
chlorosis
Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, Bugwood.orgSlide4
Begomovirus-Bean golden yellow mosaic virus
Family:
Geminiviridae
Host(s): Wild bush bean, Macroptilium lathyroides, Common bush bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sieva bean, P. lunatus, Threelobe false mallow, Malvastrum coromandelianum
Leaf symptoms:
vein yellow net,
interveinal
chlorosis
Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, Bugwood.orgSlide5
Begomovirus-Bean golden yellow mosaic virus Family:
Geminiviridae
Diagnostic viral inclusions
:NuclearRounded dense bodiesRing-shaped (rare)Brittle crystalsUF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease ClinicSlide6
Closterovirus-Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)
Family:
Closteroviridae
Description:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 2000 nm and a width of 12 nm. M. Bar-Joseph
Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan, IsraelSlide7
Closterovirus-Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)
Family:
Closteroviridae
Host(s): Citrus ssp. grafted onto Citrus aurantium (sour orange) root stock — quick decline, pitted stems. C. paradisi (grapefruit) — stunt. C. aurantifolia (lime) — die-back. C. aurantifolia (Seville orange) — seedling yellows. C. reticulata (mandarin) — decline. Aeglopsis chevalieri, Afraegle paniculata (Nigerian powder-flask-fruit )), Pamburus
missionis, Passiflora
gracilis
(Annual passionflower),
Citropsis
gilletiana
, Microcitrus
australis
Disorders:TristezaStem-pittingSeedling-yellowsLime dieback
Diseases:
Quick decline
L. Navarro,
Instituto
Valenciano
de
Investigaciones
Agrarias
, Bugwood.orgSlide8
Closterovirus-Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)
Family:
Closteroviridae
Symptomology Sweet orange-(Sweet orange stem pitting strains)Sour orange-(Seedling yellows) severe stunting and yellowing Grapefruit-(Seedling yellows)severe stunting and yellowing , (Stem-pitting) stunted, the fruit is small and misshapen, and yields are considerably reduced; the wood of the trunk and large limbs is pitted with longitudinal depressions; in some instances, the main scaffold branches are twisted and distorted.Lime-(Lime die-back strain) vein flecking on young leaves, severe pitting of wood of twigs and branches, stunting of trees, and die-back with eventual deathLemon-(Seedling yellows) severe stunting and yellowing Florida Division of Plant Industry Archive, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.orgSlide9
Closterovirus-Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)
Family:
Closteroviridae
Vectors: Brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida and Melon aphid, Aphis gossypii.Diagnostic techniques:Visual symptomsIndexing on biological indicatorsManagement:Disease-resistant cultivarsDisease-resistant rootstocks (will not work on plants that virus attacks directly i.e. certain lime, grapefruit, pummelos, Pera sweet orange and others (Reuther, 1978)Possible cross-protection from less mild strains of tristeza virus
Tristeza virus affected fruit on right
Melon aphid,
Aphis
gossypii
Lyle Buss, University of Florida
Brown citrus aphid,
Toxoptera
citricida
Lyle Buss, University of Florida
L. Navarro,
Instituto
Valenciano
de
Investigaciones
Agrarias
, Bugwood.orgSlide10
Closterovirus-Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)
Family:
Closteroviridae
Diagnostic techniques:Visual symptomsIndexing on biological indicatorsDiagnostic viral inclusions:All cytoplasmicPara-crystalsBanded bodiesDensely stained phloem with many vacuoles.CTV petiole inclusions
CTV stem inclusions
CTV root inclusions
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease ClinicSlide11
Cucumovirus-Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Family: Bromoviridae
Description:
Virions
consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 29-29.33-30 nm. Capsids appear round, or hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible, or is not obvious. The capsid consists of 32 capsomers. Virus preparations contain more than one particle component. Capsids all have the same appearance. (ICTV database).R.G. Milne, Istituto di Virologia
, CRN, Torino, Italy. Slide12
Cucumovirus-Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
Family:
Bromoviridae
Hosts:Cucumber, Cucumis sativus and many other cucurbits — mosaics and stunting, reduced fruit yield. Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum — mosaic, reduction of leaf laminae ("fernleaf") and stunting. Spinach, Spinacia oleracea — severe chlorosis and stunting. CMV Infected cucumber
David B. Langston, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org
CMV infected celery
William M. Brown Jr., Bugwood.orgSlide13
Cucumovirus-Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Family:
Bromoviridae
Vectors:
Aphids transmit in a non-persistent mannerCMV infected cucumbersCucumber infected by Cucumber mosaic virusWilliam M. Brown Jr., Bugwood.orgWilliam M. Brown Jr., Bugwood.orgSlide14
Cucumovirus-Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Family:
Bromoviridae
Diagnostic viral inclusions:
CytoplasmicVacuolate VesiculateCrystalline cubesSpheresHollow spheresUF IFAS Extension Plant Disease ClinicDr. R. G. Christie, UF IFAS Department of Plant Pathology
Dr. R. G. Christie, UF IFAS Department of Plant PathologySlide15
Begomovirus-Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV)
Family:
Geminiviridae
Description:No official descriptionGeneral Begomovirus description:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is elongated and exhibits icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is geminate, or prolate in shape and has a diameter of 15-20 nm. Capsids appear round, or hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible, or is not obvious. The capsid consists of 22 capsomers. With a length of 25-30 nm.
Zucchini squash infected with
Cucurbit leaf crumple virus. Note silverleaf
symptoms in background due to feeding of immature whiteflies. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in716Slide16
Begomovirus-Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV)
Family:
Geminiviridae
Description:Hosts:Watermelon, Citrullus lanatusCantaloupe andHoneydew melon, Cucumis melo Squash and pumpkins, Cucurbita palmate and C. maxima, C. pepoZucchini squash infected with Cucurbit leaf crumple virus. Note
silverleaf symptoms in background due to feeding of immature whiteflies. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in716
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer ServicesSlide17
Begomovirus-Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV)
Family:
Geminiviridae
Cucurbits that were notsusceptible were acorn squash, ananasmelon, butternut squash, casaba melon,Galia melon, golden crenshaw melon, andhoneydew melon. Non-susceptible cropsincluded cotton, pepper, soybean, andtomato.Cucurbit leaf crumple virus symptoms on cucumberCucurbit leaf crumple virus symptoms on yellow straight-necked squash
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer ServicesSlide18
Begomovirus-Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV)
Vector:
Silverleaf
whitefly, Bemisia argentifoliiSilverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii-vector of cucurbit leaf crumple virus. Photo by Lyle Buss-University of FloridaSlide19
Begomovirus-Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV)
Diagnostic viral inclusions:
Nuclear
Rounded dense bodiesRing-shaped (rare)Brittle CrystalsBean golden mosaic virus inclusions (pictured) look very similar to Cucurbit leaf crumple virusBean golden mosaic virus inclusions (pictured) close-upR. Cullen and M. Gooch, UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
R. Cullen and M. Gooch,
UF IFAS Extension
Plant Disease ClinicSlide20
Potexvirus-Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV)
Family:
Flexiviridae
Description:Virions have a simple construction (round or elongated or spherical, unenveloped virions); consist(s) of a capsid (including inner and outer capsid). Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated; exhibits helical symmetry; capsid. Capsid shape of elongated unenveloped virion or tail of phage is filamentous, is flexuous. Elongated capsid, nucleocapsid or phage tail is cross-striated. Elongated capsids, nucleocapsids or tails have only or longest length(s) of 470 to 580 nm; is 13 nm wide. Axial canal is distinct or indistinct, 3.4 to 12 with median 6.3 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious or obscure. Pitch of helix is 2.8 to 3.5 with median 3.331 nm. Crude virus preparation contains few
virions or many
virions.
Cymbidium mosaic virus
Virus particles from purified preparation in
uranyl
acetate. Bar represents 500 nm. http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=27
R. I. B.
Francki
Department of Plant Pathology, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South AustraliaSlide21
Potexvirus-Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV)
Family:
Flexiviridae
Hosts:Cymbidium ssp. — mosaic, necrosis. Cattleya ssp. — mosaic, flower necrosis. Phalaenopsis ssp. — mosaic, water soaked local lesions. Vanda ssp. — chlorotic flecks. Epidendrum ssp., Laelia ssp., Laeliocattleya ssp., Oncidium ssp., Zygopetalum ssp., Vanilla fragrans
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Cymbidium mosaic virus symptoms
http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/repositoryfiles/ca601p3-71680.pdf
Cymbidium mosaic symptoms in Cymbidium leaves.Slide22
Potexvirus-Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV)
Family:
Flexiviridae
Viral inclusions:Widely distributed in host tissuesAggregates of virus particlesLong axis parallelBanded bodiesCan be susceptible to destructionDense bodiesPara-crystalsCymbidium mosaic virus-banded inclusionsCymbidium mosaic viral inclusions (see arrows)Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer ServicesSlide23
Potyvirus-Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Description:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 750 nm (approximately). Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure. Zettler, Univ. Florida 1970Filamentous virus particles mounted in phosphotungatate..Slide24
Potyvirus-Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Hosts:Aglaonema, Alocasia, Amorphophallus, Arisaema, Caladium, Cyrtosperma ssp. — mosaic. Cryptocoryne, Dieffenbachia, Philodendron, Richardia, Zantedeschia ssp. — mosaic and leaf malformation. Colocasia, Xanthosoma ssp. — mosaic, chlorotic feathering. Comments on host and host range: there are conflicting reports on the susceptibility of non-aroids; in European studies some are susceptible, but, in tests Florida and Venezuela, non-aroids were not infected (Zettler and Hartman, 1986).
Chlorosis
of Philodendron
selloum
leaf
Dasheen mosaic virus
in Taro
Photo by: F.W.
Zettler
N.J.Ko
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer ServicesSlide25
Potyvirus-Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Hosts:Aglaonema, Alocasia, Amorphophallus, Arisaema, Caladium, Cyrtosperma ssp. — mosaic. Cryptocoryne, Dieffenbachia, Philodendron, Richardia, Zantedeschia ssp. — mosaic and leaf malformation. Colocasia, Xanthosoma ssp. — mosaic, chlorotic feathering. Comments on host and host range: there are conflicting reports on the susceptibility of non-aroids; in European studies some are susceptible, but, in tests Florida and Venezuela, non-aroids were not infected (Zettler and Hartman, 1986).
Mosaic and distortion of
P. selloum
leaf
Dasheen mosaic virus in Dieffenbachia
N.J.Ko
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Photo by: F.W.
ZettlerSlide26
Potyvirus-Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Hosts:Aglaonema, Alocasia, Amorphophallus, Arisaema, Caladium, Cyrtosperma ssp. — mosaic. Cryptocoryne, Dieffenbachia, Philodendron, Richardia, Zantedeschia ssp. — mosaic and leaf malformation. Colocasia, Xanthosoma ssp. — mosaic, chlorotic feathering. Comments on host and host range: there are conflicting reports on the susceptibility of non-aroids; in European studies some are susceptible, but, in tests Florida and Venezuela, non-aroids were not infected (Zettler and Hartman, 1986).
Mosaic of taro (
Colocasia
esculenta
) leaf
ICTVdB
- The Universal Virus DatabaseSlide27
Potyvirus-Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Diagnostic viral inclusions:Cytoplasmic cylindirical inclusionsProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregateAmorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in numberNuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystallineCytoplasmic microbodiesHealthy cellsProteinaceous crystalsincrease in number & aggregate with some
Potyvirus infections
Electron micrograph of cylindrical inclusions in cell of calla lily (
Zantedeschia elliotiana
). Bar represents 500 nm.
I = Cylindrical Inclusions N=Nucleus
ICTVdB
- The Universal Virus Database
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer ServicesSlide28
Hostuviroid-Hop stunt viroid (Citrus viroid II) (HSVd)
Family:
PospiviroidaeDescription:Viroids are unencapsidated, low molecular weight, circular, single-stranded infectious RNAs pathogenic to plants. Sequences are the primary basis for comparison. The sequence of the central conserved region allows all characterised viroids to be classed into four groups. Variation occurs within each viroid "species" and an arbitrary level of 90% sequence similarity currently separates variants from species. Photo of potato spindle tuber viroid which closely resembles Hop stunt viroid (
Citrus viroid II
)
ICTVdB
- The Universal Virus DatabaseSlide29
Hostuviroid-Hop stunt viroid (Citrus viroid II) (HSVd)
Family:
PospiviroidaeHosts: Hop stunt viroid Hop stunt viroid - almond Hop stunt viroid - apricot Hop stunt viroid - citrus Hop stunt viroid - cucumber Hop stunt viroid - grapevine Hop stunt viroid - peach Hop stunt viroid - pear Hop stunt viroid - plum Citrus
cachexia viroid
Cucumber pale fruit viroid
Peach dapple
viroid
Plum dapple
viroid
David Gent, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org
Common hops (
Humulus
lupulus
L.)
A common hop plant showing symptoms of hop stunt
viroid
infection in a field at Oregon, USA.
http://www.apsnet.org/publications/imageresources/Pages/Nov_88-11-1.aspx
Green streaks observed under cracks induced by
Hop stunt
viroid
and
Citrus
viroid
IV
in trifoliate orange photo by
C.
Vernière
et al.
Slide30
Tospovirus-Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) Family:
Bunyaviridae
Description:
Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are spherical to pleomorphic. Surface projections are embedded in a lipid bilayer that is 5 nm thick. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The ribonucleocapsid is filamentous and has a width of 2-2.5 nm. Nucleocapsids are circular. Slide31
Tospovirus-Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV)
Family:
Bunyaviridae
Hosts:Impatiens spp.most leaves symptomless, some necrotic spots with necrotic rings in young leaves. Other hosts:GloxiniaGerbera daisyOncidium orchidChrysanthemumTomatoColeusWild geraniumImpatiens necrotic spot virus symptoms on chrysanthemumImpatients necrotic spot virus
symptoms on coleus
Department of Plant Pathology Archive,
North Carolina State University, Bugwood.org
Department of Plant Pathology Archive,
North Carolina State University, Bugwood.orgSlide32
Tospovirus-Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV)
Family:
Bunyaviridae
Hosts:Impatiens spp.most leaves symptomless, some necrotic spots with necrotic rings in young leaves. Other hosts:GloxiniaGerbera daisyOncidium orchidChrysanthemumTomatoColeusWild geraniumImpatiens necrotic spot virus symptoms on gloxiniaImpatients necrotic spot virus
symptoms on tomato fruit
Department of Plant Pathology Archive,
North Carolina State University, Bugwood.org
Mary Ann Hansen, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Bugwood.orgSlide33
Tospovirus-Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV)
Family:
Bunyaviridae
Vector:Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalisLyle Buss University of FloridaSlide34
Tospovirus-Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV)
Family:
Bunyaviridae
Diagnostic viral inclusions:VacuolateDense, irregular with projectionsCrystallineAll photographs by Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer ServicesSlide35
Tobamovirus-Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV)
Family: Unassigned
Description:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight with a clear modal length with a length of mostly 300 nm (but also shorter, broken virions, width of 18 nm. Axial canal is distinct. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus DatabaseSlide36
Tobamovirus-Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV)
Family: Unassigned
Hosts:Vector:Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation.Juliana Frettas-Astua Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer ServicesJuliana Frettas-Astua Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer ServicesSlide37
Tobamovirus-Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV)
Family: Unassigned
Diagnostic viral inclusions:All cytoplasmicHexagonal plates Virus particlesStacked platesVirus particlesParacrystalsVirus particles - old infectionX - BodiesVacuolateInclusions stained with Orange Green
Tobamovirus
inclusions stain in Azure A stain with heat only. Photograph by Nan-Jing Ko
Photograph
bu
Nan-Jing
Ko
Photograph
bu
Nan-Jing
KoSlide38
Potyvirus-Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV)
Family:
PotyviridaeDescription:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 760-800 nm and a width of 12 nm. Alberto Pantoja, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.orgSlide39
Potyvirus-Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV)
Family:
PotyviridaeHosts:Vector:Virus is transmitted by aphids. Virus is also transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seeds.Alberto Pantoja, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.orgSlide40
Potyvirus-Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV)
Family:
PotyviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusions:Cytoplasmic cylindirical inclusionsProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregateAmorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in numberNuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystallineCytoplasmic microbodiesHealthy cells
Proteinaceous crystals
increase in number & aggregate with some Potyvirus
infections
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease ClinicSlide41
Pospiviroid-Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)
Family:
PospiviroidaeHosts:Nucleic acid is non-encapsidated, circular, single-stranded RNA Potato spindle tuber viroidICTVdB - The Universal Virus DatabaseSlide42
Pospiviroid-Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)
Family:
PospiviroidaeHosts:Potato, Solanum tuberosumTomato, Solanum esculentumPotato cv ‘Kennebec’, Solanum tuberosum, center plant infected with Potato spindle tuber viroid, outer two plants are healthy
Tomato,
Solanum
esculentum
infected by
Potato spindle tuber
viroid
R.P. Singh, Bugwood.org
Central Science Laboratory,
Harpenden
Archive, British Crown, Bugwood.orgSlide43
Pospiviroid-Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)
Family:
PospiviroidaeHosts:Potato, Solanum tuberosumTomato, Solanum esculentumPotatoes infected with potato spindle tuber viroid. Healthy potato on left others diseasedFirst and third rows of potatoes from top are healthy; second and fourth rows are infected with the
potato spindle tuber viroid
USDA Agricultural Research
Service Archive,
USDA ARS, Bugwood.org
Plant Protection Service Archive,
Plant Protection Service, Bugwood.orgSlide44
Potyvirus-Potato virus Y (PVY)
Family:
Potyviridae
Description:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 684 nm (from purified preparations (Delgado-Sanchez and Grogan, 1966)), or 730 nm and a width of 11 nm. Axial canal is indistinct; 2-3 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obscure. Pitch of helix is 3.3 nm (Varma et al., 1968). Potato virus Y
Rothamsted Research. Slide45
Potyvirus-Potato virus Y (PVY)
Family:
Potyviridae
Hosts:Potato, Solanum tuberosumTobacco, Nicotiana tabacumPepper, Capsicum annuumVector: transmitted by aphids, mechanical means or transmission by grafting. Rugose leaf symptoms on potato infected with potato virus Y
Potato infected with
potato virus Y
Bruce Watt, University of Maine,
Bugwood.org
Bruce Watt, University of Maine,
Bugwood.orgSlide46
Potyvirus-Potato virus Y (PVY)
Family:
PotyviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusions:Cytoplasmic cylindirical inclusionsProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregateAmorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in numberNuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystallineCytoplasmic microbodies
Healthy cellsProteinaceous
crystalsincrease in number & aggregate with some Potyvirus
infections
Cylindrical
Amorphous
Microcrystals
Stomata guard cells filled with inclusions of PVY
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease ClinicSlide47
Ipomovirus-Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV)
Family:
PotyviridaeDescription:The virus, for which the name Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV) is proposed, has flexuous rod-shaped particles of ~840 nm in length.Slide48
Ipomovirus-Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV)
Family:
PotyviridaeSquash Vein Yellowing Virus, Causal Agent of Watermelon VineDecline in FloridaHosts:The host range of SqVYV appears to be limited to cucurbits including two weedy varieties ofcucurbits found in Florida, Momordica charantia L. (Balsam-apple) and Melothria pendula L. (creepingcucumber) (Adkins et al. 2008). These weeds may be important reservoirs for SqVYV and help it tosurvive between crops.Vectors:Whitefly, Bemesia tabaci
Early symptoms of WVD. Photography credit: Scott Adkins
http://www.freshfromflorida.com/pi/enpp/pathology/pathcirc/pp407.pdf
Symptoms several weeks later. Photography credit: Scott Adkins
http://www.freshfromflorida.com/pi/enpp/pathology/pathcirc/pp407.pdf
Scott Adkins, 2008 . Plant Disease
Scott Adkins,, FDACS DPISlide49
Ipomovirus-Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV)
Family:
PotyviridaeHosts:The host range of SqVYV appears to be limited to cucurbits including two weedy varieties ofcucurbits found in Florida, Momordica charantia L. (Balsam-apple) and Melothria pendula L. (creepingcucumber) (Adkins et al. 2008). These weeds may be important reservoirs for SqVYV and help it tosurvive between crops.Vectors:Whitefly, Bemesia tabaci
Melothria
pendula
a cucurbit weed that can potentially serve as a viral reservoir
Watermelon rind damaged by the
Squash vein yellowing virus c
ausing WVD symptoms
.
Photography credit: Scott Adkins http://www.freshfromflorida.com/pi/enpp/pathology/pathcirc/pp407.pdf
Scott Adkins, 2008 . Plant Disease
Scott Adkins,, FDACS DPISlide50
Ipomovirus-Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV)
Family:
PotyviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusions:Cytoplasmic cylindirical inclusionsProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregateAmorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in numberNuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystallineCytoplasmic microbodies
Healthy cellsProteinaceous
crystalsincrease in number & aggregate with some Potyvirus
infections
CI=Cylindrical inclusions; N=Nucleus
Squash vein yellowing virus
http://www.freshfromflorida.com/pi/enpp/pathology/florida_viruses/Cucurbits/SqVYV/SqVYVpage.htm
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer
Svcs
., Department of Plant IndustrySlide51
Potyvirus-Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Description:MorphologyVirions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 730-755 nm and a width of 13 nm. Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure. Filamentous particles of sugarcane mosaic virus strain H mounted in phosphotungstate. Bar represents 200 nm.http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showfig.php?dpvno=88&figno=05Slide52
Potyvirus-Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Hosts:Saccharum sp. — systemic mosaic. Sorghum bicolor — necrotic local lesion, then systemic mosaic, necrosis. S. halepense — systemic mosaic. Zea mays — systemic mosaic, ringspots. Most dicotyledonous plants.
Photograph 1 Sugarcane variety C.P.31-294 systemically infected by sugarcane mosaic virus strain B. (Courtesy A. G.
Gillaspie
.)
http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showfig.php?dpvno=88&figno=01
Photograph 2 Sugarcane variety C.P.31-294 systemically infected by sugarcane mosaic virus strain D. (Courtesy A. G.
Gillaspie
.)
http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showfig.php?dpvno=88&figno=02
Photograph 6 Systemic necrosis produced by sugarcane mosaic virus strain A in sorghum.
http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showfig.php?dpvno=88&figno=06Photograph 7 Local necrotic lesions produced in Atlas sorghum by sugarcane mosaic virus strain E. (Courtesy J. L. Dean.) http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showfig.php?dpvno=88&figno=07Slide53
Potyvirus-Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Vector:Virus is transmitted non-persitently by the aphids:Dactynotus ambrosiae, Rusty plum aphid, Hysteroneura setariae, Corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Toxoptera graminum. Transmission:Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by seeds; not transmitted by pollen.
Corn leaf aphid
,
Rhopalosiphum
maidis
Merle
Shepard
, Gerald
R.Carner, and P.A.C Ooi, Insects and their Natural Enemies Associated with Vegetables and Soybean in Southeast Asia, Bugwood.orgSlide54
Potyvirus-Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Diagnostic viral inclusions:Cytoplasmic cylindirical inclusionsProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregateAmorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in numberNuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystallineCytoplasmic microbodiesHealthy cellsProteinaceous
crystalsincrease in number & aggregate with some
Potyvirus infections
Cylindrical inclusions of
sugar cane mosaic
in
Zea
mays
(corn). The inclusion at the far right is next to a nucleus.Slide55
Potyvirus-Tobacco etch virus (TEV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Description:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 730-750 nm and a width of 12-13 nm. Basic helix is obvious (in UF). Potyvirus photograph from IACR RothamstedSlide56
Potyvirus-Tobacco etch virus (TEV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Hosts:Cassia obtusifolia — leaf mottling, malformation and necrosis, stunting and reduced seed yield. Capsicum annuum — mottling, mosaic and leaf malformation, fruit malformation, stunting. Datura stramonium — leaf mottling, vein banding and malformation, suppression of fruit spines. Lycopersicon esculentum — leaf mottling and distortion, severe yield reductions. Nicotiana tabacum — mottling and necrotic leaf etching. Physalis ssp. — leaf chlorosis.
Florida Division of Plant Industry Archive, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org
Florida Division of Plant Industry Archive, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.orgSlide57
Potyvirus-Tobacco etch virus (TEV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Hosts:Cassia obtusifolia — leaf mottling, malformation and necrosis, stunting and reduced seed yield. Capsicum annuum — mottling, mosaic and leaf malformation, fruit malformation, stunting. Datura stramonium — leaf mottling, vein banding and malformation, suppression of fruit spines. Lycopersicon esculentum — leaf mottling and distortion, severe yield reductions. Nicotiana tabacum — mottling and necrotic leaf etching. Physalis ssp. — leaf chlorosis.
Tobacco etch virus
symptoms on tobacco
Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, Bugwood.orgSlide58
Potyvirus-Tobacco etch virus (TEV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Vector: Aphids especially Green peach aphid, Myzus persicaeWinged green peach aphid Myzus persicaeLyle Buss University of Florida
Lyle Buss University of Florida
Adult female green peach
aphid
Myzus
persicaeSlide59
Potyvirus-Tobacco etch virus (TEV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Diagnostic viral inclusions:Cytoplasmic cylindirical inclusionsProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregateAmorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in numberNuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystallineCytoplasmic microbodiesHealthy cellsProteinaceous
crystalsincrease in number & aggregate with some Potyvirus
infections
Inclusion
Nucleus
Microcrystals
Pinwheel Inclusions
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease ClinicSlide60
Tobamovirus-Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Family: No family assigned
Description:
Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight with a clear modal length with a length of 300 nm and a width of 18 nm. Axial canal is distinct; 2 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is 2.3 nm. Dr. Robley WilliamsSlide61
Tobamovirus-Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Family: No family assigned
Host:
Nicotiana tabacum — leaf mosaic, severe crop losses. Also found in many other plant species.Vector/Transmission:Virus is not transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds (occasionally transmitted through the testa, but not through the embryo, not transmitted by pollen. Transmitted by dodder, Cuscuta campestris, C. japonica and C. subinclusa Symptoms of TMV in
Nicotiana
tabacum cv
Turkish Samsun. Photographed three weeks post-inoculation.
Local necrotic lesions produced upon TMV infection in
Nicotiana
tabacum
of the NN genotype. Photographed one week post-inoculation.
Milton
Zaitlin
Milton
ZaitlinSlide62
Tobamovirus-Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Family: No family assigned
Diagnostic viral inclusions:
All cytoplasmicHexagonal plates Virus particlesStacked platesVirus particlesParacrystalsVirus particles – old infectionX - BodiesVacuolateDr. R. G. Christie, UF IFAS Department of Plant PathologySlide63
Tobamovirus-Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Family: No family assigned
Diagnostic viral inclusions:
All cytoplasmicHexagonal plates Virus particlesStacked platesVirus particlesParacrystalsVirus particles – old infectionX - BodiesVacuolateDr. R. G. Christie, UF IFAS Department of Plant Pathology
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease ClinicSlide64
Tobravirus-Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)
Family: No family assigned
Description:
Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is rod-shaped, straight with a clear modal length with a length of 46-114 nm (T), or 180-197 nm (B, width of 22 nm. Axial canal is distinct; 4 nm in diameter. Basic helix is obvious. Pitch of helix is 2.5 nm. IACR RothamstedSlide65
Tobravirus-Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)
Family: No family assigned
Hosts:
Stellaria media, Viola arvensis — few symptoms, mottling. Beta vulgaris, Spinacia oleracea — chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; systemic mottle. Capsicum annuum — ringspots or line patterns. Solanum tuberosum — necrotic local lesions; systemic chlorotic or necrotic spots and streaks. Nicotiana tabacum — necrotic local lesions, necrotic or chlorotic ringspots; systemic necrosis,
ringspots or line patterns, mottling.
Narcissus pseudonarcissus,
Tulipa
sp.,
Hyacinthus
sp. — mottling.
Symptoms of
Tobacco rattle virus
on peony
G. Chastagner
1
and H. R.
Pappu
, Washington State Univ.
Tobacco Rattle virus on hosta 'ananuma'
Ben Lockhart, University of Minnesota ExtensionSlide66
Tobravirus-Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)
Family: No family assigned
Transmission/ Vectors:
Virus is transmitted by a vector. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts; transmitted by seeds (up to 40% in Viola arvensis or only to 1% in Capsella bursa-pastoris). Vector Transmission: Virus is transmitted by nematodes; family Trichodoridae; Paratrichodorus allius, P. anemones, P. christiei, P. nanus, P. pachydermus, P. teres, Trichodorus minor, T. primitivus, T. viruliferus
.
Anterior of
Paratrichodorus
minor
a vector of
Tobacco rattle virus
http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/nemaplex/Taxadata/G097S1.HTMSlide67
Tobravirus-Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)
Family: No family assigned
Diagnostic viral inclusions:
(Pictures taken from "Light and Electron Microscopy of Plant Virus Inclusions" by R. G. Christie and J. R. Edwardson)Inclusions of Tobacco rattle virus in subveinal epidermal cells of an inoculated leaf (Nicotiana tabaccum) stained with Azure A.Slide68
Nepovirus-Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV)
Family:
ComoviridaeDescription:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 25-29 nm (virions may swell at pH 8.0). Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. Slide69
Nepovirus-Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV)
Family:
ComoviridaeHosts:Cucumis sativus, Glycine max, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum — necrotic spots, mottling, chlorotic ringspots and vein banding. Tobacco
ringspot virus symptoms on tobacco
Virginia Tech Learning Resources Center, Virginia
Tobacco
ringspot
virus symptoms on bean
Virginia Tech Learning Resources Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Bugwood.org
Florida Division of Plant Industry Archive, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.orgSlide70
Nepovirus-Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV)
Family:
ComoviridaeVector:Anterior view of Trichodorus ssp. nematodehttp://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/Nemaplex/images/TrichodorusAnt.JPGTrichodorus ssp., a nematode vector of Tobacco ringspot virus. http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/Nemaplex/images/Trichodorus6.JPGSlide71
Nepovirus-Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV)
Family:
ComoviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusions:Vacuolate - VesiculateVirus crystals & aggregatesXylem blockageUneven distributionGlandular hair cellsGuard cellsPhloemSub-veinalIrregular vacuolateIrregular non-vacuolateCrystalloidMicrocrystal
Nicotiana
benthamiana
1000X
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease ClinicSlide72
Crinivirus-Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV)
Family:
ClosteroviridaeDescription:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 850-900 nm and a width of 12 nm. Slide73
Crinivirus-Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV)
Family:
ClosteroviridaeHosts:Lycopersicon esculentum — interveinal yellowing, necrosis and severe yield loss.tomato, (Lycopersicon esculentum), tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa), potato (Solanum tuberosum), artichoke (Cynara scolymus), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and petunia (Petunia hybrida).
Vector:Trialeurodes
vaporariorum
transmission by
Bemisia
spp.
Is uncertain
Tomato plant infected with
Tomato infectious
chlorosis
virus
showing
interveinal
chlorosis
and mild necrosis on leaflet
http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/emergingviruses.htm
Tomato plant infected with
Tomato infectious
chlorosis
virus
showing
interveinal
chlorosis
and mild necrosis on leaflet
http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/emergingviruses.htm
W. M.
Wintermantel
, USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA, USA.
W. M.
Wintermantel
, USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA, USA. Slide74
Crinivirus-Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV)
Family:
ClosteroviridaeDiagnostic viral inclusions:All cytoplasmicParacrystalsBanded bodiesDensely stained phloem with many vacuoles.Slide75
Tospovirus-Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
Family:
Bunyaviridae
Description:Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are spherical to pleomorphic measuring 80-100 nm in diameter. The envelope surrounds three nucleocapsids. Surface projections are distinctive spikes that are surrounded by a prominent fringe. Surface projections are embedded in a lipid bilayer that is 5 nm thick. Surface projections are 5-10 nm long. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated and exhibits helical symmetry. The ribonucleocapsid is filamentous with a length of 200-3000 nm (depending on arrangement) and a width of 2-2.5 nm. Nucleocapsids are circular.
Tomato spotted wilt virus
IACR
RothamstedSlide76
Tospovirus-Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
Family:
Bunyaviridae
Hosts:Ananas comosus, Bidens pilosa, Capsicum annuum, Datura stramonium, Helianthus annuus, Ipomoea congesta, Lactuca sativa, Malva parviflora, Nicandra physalodes, Phaseolus
vulgaris, Physalis
peruviana, Zinnia
elegans
,
Arachis
hypogaea
, Canavalia
gladiata, C.
obtusifolia, C. occidentalis, Crotalaria juncea, Desmodium
triflorum
,
Glycine
max,
Pisum
sativum
,
Tephrosia
purpurea
,
Vicia
faba
,
Vigna
mungo
, V.
radiata
, V.
unguiculata
,
Lycopersicon
esculentum
,
Nicotiana
tabacum
,
Solanum
melongena
, S.
capsicastrum
, S.
tuberosum
and many other species
Jeffrey W.
Lotz
, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org
Florida Division of Plant Industry Archive, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.orgSlide77
Tospovirus-Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
Family:
Bunyaviridae
Symptoms:necrotic and chlorotic local lesions, systemic wilting, necrosis, spotting, streaking, mosaic, mottling, leaf shape malformation, vein yellowing, ringspots, line patterns, yellow netting and flower colour-breaking.David B. Langston, University of Georgia, Bugwood.orgDavid B. Langston, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org
Tomato spotted wilt
symptoms on pepper leaves
Tomato spotted wilt
symptoms on pepperSlide78
Tospovirus-Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
Family:
Bunyaviridae
Vector:Nine species are reported as vectors: Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips); F schultzei, F fusca (tobacco thrips); Thrips tabaci (onion thrips); T setosus, T moultoni; F tenuicornis, Lithothrips
dorsalis,
and Scirtothrips
dorsalis
.
The first four are considered the most important vectors because of their wide distribution and the overlapping host ranges of these species and TSWV.
J.P. Sanderson, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Western flower
thrips
larvae,
Frankliniella
occidentalis
Tobacco
thrips
,
Frankliniella
fusca
Lyle Buss, University of FloridaSlide79
Tospovirus-Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
Family:
Bunyaviridae
Diagnostic viral inclusions:VacuolateDense, Irregular with projectionsCrystallineTomato spotted wilt virus inclusionsUF IFAS Extension Plant Disease Clinic
UF IFAS Extension Plant Disease ClinicSlide80
Begomovirus-Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TSWV)Family: Geminiviridae
Description:
Virions
consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid is elongated and exhibits icosahedral symmetry. The capsid is geminate and has a diameter of 20 nm. Capsids appear hexagonal in outline. The capsomer arrangement is not obvious. With a length of dimers 30 nm. Slide81
Begomovirus-Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TSWV)
Family:
Geminiviridae
Hosts:• In tomato, symptoms are more severe when infectedat an earlier age and vary somewhat among thedifferent cultivars.• In tomato, upward curling of leaves; mottling andoften chlorotic leaf margins.• In tomato, leaves are reduced in size.• In tomato, plants are stunted.• Flower abscission in tomato resulting in greatlyreduced fruit set.• No symptoms are observed in pepper. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Svcs, Bugwood.org
Don Ferrin, Louisiana State Univ. Agric. Ctr. Bugwood.orgSlide82
Begomovirus-Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TSWV)
Family:
Geminiviridae
Vector: Virus is transmitted by immature and adult white flies, Bemesia tabaci. Virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation (poorly, transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between hosts). Don Ferrin, Louisiana State Univ. Agric. Ctr. Bugwood.orgSlide83
Begomovirus-Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TSWV)
Family:
Geminiviridae
Diagnostic viral inclusion:NuclearRounded dense bodiesRing-shaped (rare)Brittle crystalsUF IFAS Extension Plant Disease ClinicUF IFAS Extension Plant Disease ClinicFlorida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Svcs
, Bugwood.orgSlide84
Potyvirus-Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV-2)
Family:
Potyviridae
Description:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a length of 730-765 nm. Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure. Flexuous particles in leaf extract, negatively stained with potassium phosphotungstate.http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showfig.php?dpvno=293&figno=05
Purcifull
& Batchelor,
Bull.
Fla
agric. Exp.
Stn
, 1977Slide85
Potyvirus-Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV-2)Family: Potyviridae
Hosts:
Cucurbita
pepo, Cucumis melo, C. sativus, Citrullus lanatus and some legumes — mosaic, mottling, leaf shape malformation. Persistent symptoms.Both Photographs by: Texas A&M Extension Servicehttp://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/publications/cucurbitproblemsolver/fruit/watermelon_mosaic.htmlSlide86
Potyvirus-Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV-2)Family: Potyviridae
Vector:
Virus is transmitted by insects of the order
Hemiptera, family Aphididae; Myzus persicae, Aphis craccivora, Aphis citricola, Aphis gossypii; at least 38 species of aphid in 19 genera transmit watermelon mosaic virus 2. Green peach aphid, Myzus persicae
Cotton/Melon aphid,
Aphis
gossypii
Lyle Buss, Univ. of Florida
Lyle Buss, Univ. of FloridaSlide87
Potyvirus-Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV-2)Family: Potyviridae
Viral diagnostic inclusions:
Cytoplasmic
cylindirical inclusionsProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregateAmorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in numberNuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystallineCytoplasmic microbodiesHealthy cellsProteinaceous crystalsincrease in number & aggregate with some Potyvirus
infections
Inclusion of WMV in pumpkin epidermal cells
(image
courtesty
of
R.Cullen
and M Gooch)
Inclusions of WMV in pumpkin
(C.A. Baker)Slide88
Potyvirus-Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Description:Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is not enveloped. Capsid/nucleocapsid is elongated with helical symmetry. The capsid is filamentous, flexuous with a clear modal length with a length of 750 nm and a width of 11 nm. Axial canal is indistinct. Basic helix is obscure. Purified Zucchini yellow mosiac virus particles in uranyl acetate.
V. Lisa
Istituto
di
Fitovirologia
applicata del C.N.R., Torino, Italy
H. Lecoq
Station de Pathologie Vegetale INRA, Montfavet, FranceSlide89
Potyvirus-Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Hosts: zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo), muskmelon (Cucumis melo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus).Vector: transmitted in non-persistent manner by Aphis citricola , A. gossypii, Myzus persicae
and Macrosiphum
euphorbiae .
Leaf deformation, shoe-stringing and mosaic in naturally infected zucchini squash.
Fruit deformation in field-raised /infected zucchini squash after infection by ZYMV .
.Slide90
Potyvirus-Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)
Family:
PotyviridaeHosts: zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo), muskmelon (Cucumis melo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus).Vector: transmitted in non-persistent manner by Aphis citricola , A. gossypii, Myzus
persicae
and Macrosiphum
euphorbiae
.Slide91
Potyvirus-Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)
Family:
Potyviridae
Viral diagnostic inclusions:Cytoplasmic cylindirical inclusionsProteinaceousPinwheel and scrolls in C-sectionLaminated aggregateAmorphous cytoplasmic inclusionsProtein & ribonucleo-proteinIrregular in shapeVary in sizeVary in numberNuclear inclusionsProteinaceousMost crystallineCytoplasmic microbodiesHealthy cellsProteinaceous
crystalsincrease in number & aggregate with some
Potyvirus infections
Epidermal leaf strip of squash infected with ZYMV stained in OG. (I=cylindrical inclusions, N=nucleus)
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer
Svcs
.