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1 �� &#x/MCI; 1 ;&#x/MCI
�� &#x/MCI; 1 ;&#x/MCI; 1 ; &#x/MCI; 2 ;&#x/MCI; 2 ; &#x/MCI; 3 ;&#x/MCI; 3 ; &#x/MCI; 4 ;&#x/MCI; 4 ;Reliability Functional ModelFunction Definitions and FunctionalEntitiesVersion .1Prepared by the Functional Model Advisory GroupEndorsed by Standards Committee: December 12, 2018The NERC Functional Model and NERC Functional Model Technical Document are historical documents that provided context and guidance to Standards Drafting Teams during Reliability Standards development. As of October 2019, these documents are no longerbeing actively maintained. The criteria by which a BulkPower System user, owner, or operator must register with NERC, and therefore be subject to applicable NERC Reliability Standards, are described in the Organization Registration and Certification Manual and the Compliance Registry Criteria inAppendices 5A and 5B, respectively, of the FERCapproved NERC Rules of Procedure . NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 2018Version 5.1Table of ContentsNERC Reliability Functional Model...............................................................................................................Table of Contents................................................................................................................................

2 .............Revision Summary...........
.............Revision Summary...........................................................................................................................................Foreword.............................................................................................................................................................Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................Functional Model Diagram.............................................................................................................................Purpose of the Functional Model...............................................................................................................Guiding Principles of the Functional Model.............................................................................................Functional Model Clarification Service................................................................................................Functions and Functional Entities..............................................................................................................Function Standards Development.........................................................................................................Functional Entity

3 Standards Developer.....................
Standards Developer...............................................................................................Function Compliance Enforcement.........................................................................................................FunctionalEntity Compliance Enforcement Authority.....................................................................Function Reliability Assurance................................................................................................................Functional Entity Reliability Assurer.....................................................................................................20FunctionPlanning Reliability...................................................................................................................21Functional Entity Planning Coordinator...............................................................................................22Function Transmission Planning.............................................................................................................24Functional Entity Transmission Planner...............................................................................................25Function Resource Planning....................................................................................................................27Fu

4 nctional Entity Resource Planner........
nctional Entity Resource Planner......................................................................................................28Function Reliability Operations...............................................................................................................29Functional Entity Reliability Coordinator.............................................................................................30Function Balancing.....................................................................................................................................33Functional Entity Balancing Authority..................................................................................................34 Function Market Operations....................................................................................................................36Functional Entity Market Operator (Resource Integrator).............................................................37Function Transmission Operations........................................................................................................38Functional Entity Transmission Operator............................................................................................39Function Interchange............................................................................................

5 ....................................Func
....................................Functional Entity InterchangeAuthority.............................................................................................Function Transmission Service...............................................................................................................Functional Entity Transmission Service Provider..............................................................................Function Transmission Ownership......................................................................................................... NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 2018Version 5.1Functional Entity Transmission Owner................................................................................................Function Distribution................................................................................................................................Functional Entity Distribution Provider................................................................................................Function Generator Operation................................................................................................................Functional Entity Generator Operator..................................................................................................Function

6 Generator Ownership.....................
Generator Ownership..............................................................................................................Functional Entity Generator Owner......................................................................................................Function PurchasingSelling....................................................................................................................Functional Entity PurchasingSelling Entity........................................................................................FunctionLoadServing..............................................................................................................................Functional Entity LoadServing Entity.................................................................................................. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 2018Version 5.1Revision SummaryThe Version is an update othe Reliability Functional Model (“the Model” or “Functional Model”) that includes the following changesfrom Version Terminology Errata changes made as necessary.Terminology ChangesVersion contains terminology changes intended to improve consistencybetween the Model and the Glossary of Terms Used in NERC Reliability Standards (“NERC Glossary” or “Glossary”), theRules

7 of Procedure (ROP)and Reliability Standa
of Procedure (ROP)and Reliability Standardsnconsistency has potential for creating needless complexity, confusion and wasted effort for those who use NERC documents. The changes are of ttypes:Theterms and definitions in this version of the Functional Modelhave been aligned with the GlossaryThe Model has been revised regarding terms that are capitalized in the Glossary A table giving current definitions in the Model and Glossary and the proposed definitions is given in the Technical Document.Unless otherwise indicated, all capitalized terms shall have the meaning set forth in the Glossary or in the Model. In severaplaces in this document, certain Glossarydefined terms are not capitalized as they are intended to have their ordinary meanings (e.g., load) or are intended to match the capitalization of terms within Glossary definitions. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 2018Version 5.1ForewordThis document replaces version of the NERC Reliability Functional Model that the NERC Board of Trustees approved in May 2010Historically, Control Areas were established by vertically integrated utilities to operate their individual power systems in a secure and reliable manner and provide for their customers’ electricity needs. The traditional Control Area operator b

8 alanced itsload with its generation, imp
alanced itsload with its generation, implemented InterchangeScheduleswith other Control Areas, and ensured transmission reliability.As utilities began to provide transmission service to other entities, the Control Area also began to perform the unction of Transmission Servicethrough tariffs or other arrangements. NERC’s Operating Policies reflected this traditional electric utility industry structure, and ascribed virtually every reliability unction to the Control Area.Beginning in the early 1990s withthe advent of open transmission access and restructuring of the electric utility industry to facilitate the operation of wholesale power markets, the functions performed by Control Areas began to change to reflect the newly emerging industry structure. ese changes occurred because:Some utilities were separating their transmission from their merchant functions (functional unbundling), and even selling off their generation,Some states and provinces were instituting “customer choice” options for selectingenergy providers, andThe developing power markets were requiring widearea transmission reliability assessment and dispatch solutions, which were beyond the capability of many Control Areas to perform.As a result, the NERC Operating Policies in place at that time, which centered on Control Area operations, were beginning t

9 o lose their focus, and become more diff
o lose their focus, and become more difficult to apply and enforce.The NERC Operating Committee formed the Control Area Criteria Task Force (CACTF) in 1999 to address this problem.The CACTFbegan by listing all the tasks required for maintaining electric system reliability and then organizing these tasks into basic groups that it called “functions.” UltimatelyCACTF decided to build a “Functional Model”. This involved breaking down the previous reliability functions more finely, such that all organizations involved in ensuring reliability whether they are traditional, vertically integrated control areas, regional transmission organizations, independent system operators, independent transmission companies or so on can identify those functions they perform, and register with NERC as one or more of the unctionalntities. Initially the Model dealt with operating functions, but it was subsequently expanded in ersion 2 to incorporate planningrelated functions. This Functional Model framework provides guidance toNERCstandards drafting teamsto write reliability standards in terms of the unctionalntities who perform the reliability functions. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 2018Version 5.1Adaptedfrom Version 2 of the NERC Functional Model, February 10, 200 NERC Reliability Functional

10 Model Version 5.1 ��August
Model Version 5.1 ��August 2018Version 5.1IntroductionThe NERC Reliability Functional Model provides the framework for the development and applicability of NERC’s Reliability Standards as follows:The Model describes aset of tasksthat areperformed to ensure the reliability of the ulk Electric SystemEach Function consists of a set ofrelatedreliability asks.The Model assigns each Function to a unctionalntity, that is, the entity that performs the unctionThe Model also describes the interrelationships between that unctionalntity and other unctionalntities (thatperform other Functions).NERC’s Standards Development Teams develop Reliability Standards thatassign each reliability requirement within a standard to a unctionalntity(that is defined in the Modeland NERC's GlossaryThis is possible because a given standard requirement will typicallybe related to a ask within a Function. A standard requirement will be very specificwhereas a ask in the Model will be more general in nature.NERC's compliance processes require specific organizations to register as the entities responsible for complyingwith standards requirements assigned to the applicable entities.The Model’s Functions and unctionalntities also provide for consistency and compatibility among different Reliability Standards.he Model is a guidelinefor the

11 development of standards and their appli
development of standards and their applicability. The Modelis not a Standard and does not have compliance requirementstandards developers are not required to include all tasks envisioned in the model, nor are the developers precluded from developing Reliability Standards that address functions not described in the model. Where conflictor inconsistency exist, he Reliability Standards requirements take precedence over the Model.The Model is independent of any particular organization or market structure. An organization may perform more than one FunctionThe Functional Model describes unctional ntity nvisioned toensure that all of the asks related to its Function are performedThe Model, while using the term “unctional ntity", is a guideline and cannot prescribe responsibility. It is NERC's compliance processes, backed by regulatory authority, that specify the manner in whichunctionalntity is “legally responsible”for meeting the standards requirements assigned to that unctionalntityThe work performed to meet the equirements may be selfperformed or performed by others. Functional Model maintenance. The Functional Model is maintained by the Functional Model AdvisoryGroup (under the direction of the NERC Standards Committee, with technical content in the Model and accompanying technical documentapproved by the Standing C

12 ommittees (OC, PC and CIPC) NERC Reliabi
ommittees (OC, PC and CIPC) NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 2018Version 5.1Technical discussions. The companion document, “Functional Model Technical Discussions,” provides additional details on the unctions themselves, how organizations can “roll up” those Functions they wish to perform, and how organizations as “unctionalntities” interrelate.The following terms are used in the Functional Modeland do not appear in the NERC GlossaryFunctionalEntity. The term used in the Functional Model which applies to a class entitythat carriesout the asks within a Function. FunctionA set of related reliability asks. Enduse Customer.The party served by a LoadServing Entity(energy) and Distribution Provider (wire service). NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 2018Version 5.1Functional Model Diagram Function Name FunctionalEntity BalancingBalancing Authority Compliance EnforcementCompliance Enforcement Authority DistributionDistribution Provider Generator OperationsGenerator Operator Generator OwnershipGenerator Owner InterchangeInterchange Authorityr LoadServingLoadServing Entity Market OperationsMarket Operator (ResourceIntegrator Operating ReliabilityReliability Coordinator Planning ReliabilityPlanning Coordinator PurchasingSellingPurchasingSellin

13 g Entity Reliability AssuranceReliabilit
g Entity Reliability AssuranceReliabilityAssurer Resource PlanningResource Planner Standards DevelopmentStandards Developer Transmission OperationsTransmission Operator Transmission OwnershipTransmission Owner Transmission PlanningTransmission Planner Transmission ServiceTransmission Service Provider NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201810Version 5.1 StandardsDevelopmentStandards Developer Compliance EnforcementCompliance Enforcement Authority OperatingReliabilityReliability Coordinator InterchangeInterchange Coordinator Authority Transmission OwnershipTransmission Owner Generator OwnershipGenerator Owner Reliability AssuranceReliability Assurer GeneratorOperationsGenerator Operator TransmissionOperationsTransmission Operator Load ServingLoadEntity PurchasingSellingPurchasingSelling Entity BalancingBalancing Authority Transmission ServiceTransmission Service Provider TransmissionPlanningTransmission Planner DistributionDistribution Provider Resource PlanningResource Planner Market OperationsMarket Operator Standards and Compliance Functions Reliability Service Functions Planning and Operating Functions Planning ReliabilityPlanning Coordinator NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201811Version 5.1Purpose of the Functional ModelThe purpose of the NERC Reliability

14 Functional Model is to:Provide a framewo
Functional Model is to:Provide a framework for Reliability Standards developed through the NERC standards development process that will apply to certain asks defined in the Functional Model.scribein general terms each Function and the relationships between the entities that are responsible for performing the asks within the Functions. The framework for developing the Function definitions is:The Functions are independent of the organization structure performing the functions, andThe Functions provide flexibility to accommodate the range of presently conceivable organization structures, as well as accommodate alternative tools, procedures and processes. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201812Version 5.1Guiding Principles of the Functional ModelAs explained in the Introduction, the Model provides the framework on which the NERC eliability tandards are developedand appliedTo ensure that this framework remains viable, the odel itself is governed by a set of “guiding principles” that define a Function's asks and establish the relationships between the unctionalntities which are responsible for meeting the requirements in the NERC Reliability Standards that correspond to these asks. These principles serve as a guideline to those revising or interpreting the Model.For further details, refer t

15 o the Technical Discussions section in t
o the Technical Discussions section in the Functional Model Technical Document.The Model must be complete, that is, it must include all reliability asks and interrelationships between entities performing them. This helps ensure that any reliability requirement arising in a Reliability Standard will generally be related to a ask in the Model and therefore be assignable to a particular unctionalntityThe Model must group these asks into a set of Functions, such that:There are enough Functions (and corresponding unctionalntities) to accommodate the full range of organization structures and responsibilities within the industry, andThe number of Functions is developed based on logical grouping of the asks and kept low as reasonably possibleIn particular, where a number of organizations that perform a given Function form a single group, the Model recognizes this as a business arrangement among organizations, not a new Function and corresponding new unctionalntity.That is, the fundamental reliability asks, and hence the Function, remain the sameall that has changed is the Function is performed. The Model is structured to ensure there are no gaps or overlaps in the performance of operation asks in the operating timeframe anywhere in theBulk Electric System. This is achieved in part by associating an "area" of purviewfor each unctionalnt

16 ity. Areas are defined in term of the i
ity. Areas are defined in term of the individual transmission, generator and customer equipment assets that collectively constitute theBulk Electric System. For example, each Bulk Electric Systemasset has one Reliability Coordinator, one Balancing Authority, and one Transmission Operator. Regarding overlaps for planning, as described in the Technical Document, it is not always possible to achieve this in the case of planning Functions, where there may be overlapping levels of responsibility for given assets.Questions regarding relationships between the areas of different functional entities, such as whether one type of area must be totally within another type of area, will be defined in Reliability Standards or the Rules of Procedure, not the Model. Tasks describe whatis to be done, not it is to be done.The Model is a guideline that describes reliability asks and interrelationships between the entities that perform them it is not prescriptive. In particular, the Model does not address requirements for registering or becoming certified as a unctionalntity, or the delegation or splitting of responsibility for meeting standards requirements. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201813Version 5.1Functional Model Clarification ServiceThe Functional Model is a reference tool that links unctionalntiti

17 es with associated reliabilityrelated fu
es with associated reliabilityrelated functions and respective asks. Drafting teams use the Functional Model to help them determine which unctionalntity should be required to comply with each requirement in a Reliability StandardFrom time to time questions of clarification and interpretation arise. The FMG is following the process described below for handling requests for clarification of the Functional Model. This process, which has been approved by the Standards Committee, is accessible to all drafting teams as well as any other interested stakeholders. If a drafting team needs help in understanding asks that make up a Function and/or in determining which functional entities should be responsible for particular standards requirements, the drafting team’s coordinator will send an email to the NERC Staff assigned as the FMG facilitator with a request for clarification. The NERC Staff assigned as the FMG facilitator will convene a conference call/meeting of available members of the FMG to review the question(s) and provide a clarification. If the question(s) need more detailed discussion with the drafting team, the two coordinators will organize a conference call/meeting with available members of the G and available members of the drafting team to discuss the issues in more detail.Each FMG request for clarification and th

18 e associated response will be posted on
e associated response will be posted on the NERC Functional Model Web Page under a Frequently Asked Questions section. If the questions result in changes to the model, the changes will be added to a change summary table used to develop the next updated version of the Functional Model document. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201814Version 5.1Functions and FunctionalEntitiesThis section defines the functions and associated asks that are necessary to plan and operate theBulk Electric Systemin a reliable manner.This section alsocharacterizes the unctionalntities thatperform these asks, and provides examples of theinterrelationships that take place between entities to ensure reliability.As standards are developedthe Model maybe revised to add and remove sks under specific Functions to aid in the development of standards. Relationships between unctionalntities in the Model are reciprocal. Where a oneone relationship exists, the Model will include the reciprocal relationship specifically; and wherea onemany relationship exists, the reciprocal relationships are implied. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201815Version 5.1Function Standards DevelopmentTasksDevelop and maintain a standards development process.Develop Reliability Standards for the planning and operati

19 on of the Bulk Electric System NERC Reli
on of the Bulk Electric System NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201816Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Standards DeveloperDefinitionThe unctional ntitythat develops and maintains Reliability Standards to ensure the reliability of the Bulk Electric SystemIntroduction to the Standards DeveloperThe Model addresses Reliability Standards created at NERC using the NERC Standard Processes Manualand Regional Reliability Standardsthat are created through an open Regional process and approved by NERC for enforcementThe Functional Model is intended to serve as the framework for the development and applicationof these Reliability Standards. Relationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesReceives request for eliability tandards through the public process.Sends eliability tandards to the Compliance Enforcement Authority NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201817Version 5.1Function Compliance EnforcementTasksDevelop, maintain and implement a compliance enforcement process. Evaluate and document compliance. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201818Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Compliance Enforcement AuthorityDefinitionNERC or the Regional Entity in their respective roles of monitoring and enforcing compliance with the NERC Reliability StandardsRelationship

20 s with Other FunctionalEntitiesReceives
s with Other FunctionalEntitiesReceives eliability tandards from the Standards Developer.Administers the compliance enforcement process for all unctionalntities as required by eliability tandards NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201819Version 5.1Function Reliability AssuranceTasksCoordinate reliability assurance among adjacent Relibility Assurers through the development of necessary protocols and processes.Coordinate the activities related to maintaining critical infrastructure protection.Establish reliability assurance processes and documentation related to planning and operations within the Reliability Assurer’s areaincluding such things as a regional reliability plan or a Reliability Coordinator planIdentifand address gaps in reliability processes and responsibilities. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201820Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Reliability AssurerDefinitionunctional ntitythat monitors and evaluates the activities related to planning and operations, and coordinates activities of unctional ntitiesto secure the reliability of the Bulk Electric Systemwithin a Reliability Assurer rea and adjacent areas. Relationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesCoordinates reliability assurance activities of the unctional ntitieswithin the Relbility Assurer reaCoord

21 inates reliability assurance activities
inates reliability assurance activities with adjacent Reliability AssurersCoordinates criticalinfrastructure protection programs with unctional ntitiesCollects information from unctionalntities related to Reliability Assurance processes NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201821Version 5.1Function Planning ReliabilityTasksDevelop and maintain methodologies for the analysis and simulation of the transmission systems in the evaluation and development of transmission expansion plans and the analysis and development of resource adequacy plans.Define information required for planning purposes, and facilitate the process for consolidingand collectingor developingsuch information, including:Transmission facility characteristics and ratings.Demand and energy forecasts, capacity resources, and demand response programs. Generator unit performance characteristics and capabilities.Longterm capacity purchases and sales.Evaluate, develop, document, and report on resource and transmission expansion plans for the Planning Coordinator rea. Integrate the respective plans, evaluate the impact of those plans on and by adjoining PlanningCoordinator’s integrated plansand assess whetherthe integrated plan meets reliability needs, and, if not, then to report on potential transmission system and resource adequacy defi

22 ciencies andsuggest or facilitate the pr
ciencies andsuggest or facilitate the process for developing alternativeplans to mitigate identified deficiencies.Evaluate the plans that are in response to longterm (generally one year and beyond) customerrequests for transmission service.Review transmission facility plans required to integrate new (Enduse Customer, generation, and transmission) facilities into the Bulk Electric SystemReview and determine transfer capability (generally one year and beyond) as appropriate. Monitor and evaluate transmission expansion plan and resource plan implementation. Coordinate projects requiring transmission outages that can impact reliability and firm transactions.Coordinate with adjoining Planning Coordinators so that system models and resource and transmission expansion plans take into account modifications made to adjacent Planning Coordinator reas.Develop and maintain transmission and resource (demand and capacity) system models to evaluate transmission system performance and resource adequacy. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201822Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Planning CoordinatorDefinitionThe responsible entity that coordinates and integrates transmission Facilities and service plans,resource plans, and Protection SystemIntroduction to the Planning CoordinatorThe Planning Coordinator is responsible fo

23 r assessing the longerterm reliability o
r assessing the longerterm reliability of its Planning Coordinator rea. While the area under the purview of a Planning Coordinator may include as few as one Transmission Planner and one Resource Planner, the Planning Coordinator’s scope of activities may include extended coordination with integrated Planning Coordinators’plans for adjoining areas beyond individual systemplans. By its very nature, Bulk Electric Systemplanning involves multiple entities. Since all electric systems within an integrated network are electrically connected, whatever one ystemdoes can affect the other ystemsPlanning Coordinators work through a variety of mechanisms to conduct facilitated, coordinated, joint, centralized, or regional planning activitiesto the extent that all network areas with little or no ties to others’ areas, such as interconnections, are completely coordinated for planning activitiesRelationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesCoordinates and collects data for system modeling from Transmission Planner, Resource Planner, and other Planning Coordinators.Coordinates transfer capability (generally one year and beyond) with Transmission Planners, Reliability Coordinator, Transmission Owner, Transmission Operator, Transmission Service Provider, and neighboring Planning Coordinators.Coordinates plans with Reliability Coordinator

24 and other Planning Coordinators on reli
and other Planning Coordinators on reliability issues.Receives plans from Transmission Planners and Resource PlannersCollects information including:Transmission facilitycharacteristics and ratingsfrom the Transmission Owners, Transmission Planners, and Transmission Operators. Demand and energy forecasts, capacity resources, and demandresponse programs from LoadServing Entities, and Resource Planners.Generator unit performance characteristics and capabilities from Generator Owners.Longterm capacity purchases and sales from Transmission Service Providers.Collects and reviews reports on ransmissionand resource plan implementation from Resource Planners and Transmission Planners. In the NERC Glossary, PlanningCoordinator and Planning Authority are defined interchangeably. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201823Version 5.1Submits and coordinates the plans for the interconnection of facilitiesto theBulk Electric Systemwithin its Planning Coordinator rea with Transmission Planners and Resource Planners and adjacent Planning Coordinator reas, as appropriate.Provides and informs Resource Planners, Transmission Planners, and adjacent Planning Coordinators of the methodologies and tools for the simulation of the ystem.Facilitates the integration of the respective

25 plans of the Resource Planners and Trans
plans of the Resource Planners and Transmission Planners within the Planning Coordinator rea. Reviews the integrated plan with respect to established reliability needsconsidering the impact on and by adjoining ystemsIn coordination with the Resource Planners and Transmission Planners, facilitatesthe development of alternative solutionsfor plans that do not meet those eliability needs. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201824Version 5.1Function Transmission PlanningTasksMaintain and develop, in cooperation with adjacent and overlapping Transmission Planners, methodologies and tools for the analysis and simulation of the Transmissionsystems in the evaluation and development of Transmissionexpansion plans related to resource AdequacyplansDefine, consolidate and collect or develop, in cooperation with adjacent and overlapping Transmission Planners, information required for planning purposes including:Transmission facility characteristics and RatingsDemand and Electrical Energyforecasts, capacity resources, and DemandSide Managementprograms. Generator unit performance characteristics and capabilities.Longterm capacity purchases and salesMaintain transmission system models (steady state, dynamics, and short circuit) to evaluateBulk Electric Systemperformance.Coordinate with adjacent and overlapping T

26 ransmission Planners so that system mode
ransmission Planners so that system models and resource and Transmissionexpansion plans take into account modifications made to adjacent and overlapping Transmission Planner reas.Evaluate, develop, document, and report on expansion plans for the Transmission Planner reaAssess whetherthe integrated plan meets eliability needs, and, if not, report on potential network conditions or configurations that do not meet performance requirements and provide potential alternative solutions to eet performance requirementsEvaluate the plans that are in response to longterm (generally one year and beyond) ustomerrequests for Transmission ServiceEvaluate and plan for all requests required to integrate new (use Customergeneration, and transmission) Facilitiesinto the Bulk Electric SystemDetermine Transfer Capabilityvalues (generally one year and beyond) as appropriate. Monitor, evaluate and report on Transmissionexpansion plan and resource plan implementation. Coordinate projects requiring ransmission outages that can impact reliability and firm Transactionstify Generation Owners, Resource Planners, Transmission Plannersand Transmission Owners of any planned Transmissionchanges that may impact their FacilitiesDefine system protection and control needs and requirements, including Special Protection Systems(Remedial Action Schemes), to meet eliabil

27 ity needs NERC Reliability Functional Mo
ity needs NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201825Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Transmission PlannerDefinitionThe ntitythat develops a longterm (generally one year and beyond) plan for the reliability (adequacy) of the interconnected bulk electric transmission systems within its portion of the PlanningAuthorityrea.Introduction to the Transmission PlannerThe Transmission Planner is responsible for assessing the longerterm (generally one year and beyond) reliability of its Transmission Planner rea. By its very nature, Bulk Electric Systemplanning involves multiple entities. Since all electric systems within an integrated network are electrically connected, whatever one system does can affect the other systems. Transmission Plannerscoordinate their plans with the adjoining Transmission Planners to assesimpact on or by those plans. The area under the purview of a Transmission Planner may include one or more Resource Planner areas and overlap one or more adjacent Transmission Planners. Relationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesCoordinates and collects data for system modeling from LoadServing Entities, Generator Owners, Distribution Providers,Resource Planners, other Transmission Planners, Transmission Owners, and Transmission Service Providers.Collects information including:Transmission facility char

28 acteristics and Ratingsfrom the Transmis
acteristics and Ratingsfrom the Transmission Owners, Transmission Planners, and Transmission Operators. Demand and Electrical Energyforecasts, capacity resources, and DemandSide Managementprograms from LoadServing Entities, and Resource Planners.Generator unit performance characteristics and capabilities from Generator Owners.Longterm transmission capacity purchases and sales from Transmission Service ProvidersInforms Resource Planners and other Transmission Planners of the methodologies and tools for the simulation of the Transmissionsystem.Coordinates with Resource Planners and other Transmission Planners on Bulk Electric Systemexpansion plans.Coordinates the evaluation ofBulk Electric Systemexpansion plans with Transmission Service Providers, Transmission Owners, Reliability CoordinatorsResource Planners, and other Transmission Planners. Reports on and coordinates its Bulk Electric Systemexpansion plan implementation with ffected Planning Coordinators, Transmission Planners, Resource Planners, Transmission Service Providers, Transmission OwnersTransmission Operatorsand Reliability Assurers NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201826Version 5.1Notifies other Transmission Planners, Transmission Owners, Transmission Operatorsand other entities that may be impacted of any planned Bulk Electric System

29 changes.Coordinates with Distribution Pr
changes.Coordinates with Distribution Providers, Transmission Owners, Generator Owners and LoadServing Entities in the evaluation and plans for all requests required to integrate new use Customer, generation, and transmission) facilities into theBulk Electric SystemSubmits and coordinates the plans for the interconnection of acilitiesto theBulk Electric Systemwithin its Transmission Planner rea with other Transmission Planners and Resource Planners, as appropriate.Coordinates and develops ransfer apabilityvalues with other Transmission Planners, Reliability Coordinators, Transmission Operators, Transmission Owners and Transmission Service Providers Coordinates with Transmission Owners and Generator Owners to define system protection and control needs and requirements, including Special Protection Systems (Remedial Action Schemes), to meet eliability needsReceives maintenance schedules and construction plans from Transmission Operator or Transmission Owner for input into and evaluation of Bulk Electric Systemexpansion plans. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201827Version 5.1Function Resource PlanningTasksConsider generation capacity from resources both within and outside of the Resource Plannreafor assessing resource adequacyMonitor and report, as appropriate, on its resource plan implementation.

30 Develop and maintain resource (demand a
Develop and maintain resource (demand and capacity) models to evaluate resource adequacy.Collect or develop information required for resourceadequacypurposes, including:demand and energy forecasts, capacity resources, and demand response programs, generator unit performance characteristics and capabilities, andlongterm capacity purchases and salesandtransmission (interface) limitsEvaluate, develop, document, and report on a resource adequacyplan for its portion of the Transmission Planner and Planning Coordinator rea.Assist in the evaluation of the deliverability of resources. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201828Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Resource PlannerDefinitionThe ntitythat develops a longterm (generally one year and beyond) plan for the resource adequacy of specific loads (customer demand and energy requirements) within a Planning Authorityrea.Relationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesCoordinates theresource models with its Planning Coordinator.Coordinates with Transmission Owners and Transmission Planners on the deliverability of resources toTransmissionustomers.Coordinates with and collects data for resource planning from the LoadServing Entities, Generator Owners, Generator Operators, Transmission Planners, Transmission Operators, Interchange Authorityies, and Reliability Assurers

31 Coordinates with Transmission Planners,
Coordinates with Transmission Planners, Transmission Service Providers, Reliability Coordinators, and Planning Coordinators on resource adequacyplans.Coordinates with adjoiningResource Planners within the Planning Coordinator rea to avoid the doublecounting of resources.Reports its resource plan to the Transmission Planner and Planning Coordinator for evaluation and compliance with Reliability Standards.Reports on resource plan implementation to the Transmission Planner, Planning Coordinator and Reliability AssurerWorks withthe Planning Coordinator and Transmission Planners to identify potential alternative transmission solutions to meet Resource Planner plansApplies methodologies and tools for the analysis and development of resource adequacyplans from the Planning Coordinator. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201829Version 5.1Function Reliability OperationsTasksMonitor all reliabilityrelated parameters within the reliability area, including generation dispatch and generation/ransmissionmaintenance plans.Identify, communicate, and direct actionsif necessaryto relieve reliability threats and limit violations in the reliability areaDevelop nterconnection eliability perating imits (to protect from instability and ascading). Assist in determining reliabilityrelated services requirements for balanc

32 ing generation and loadand ransmissionre
ing generation and loadand ransmissionreliability (e.g., reactive requirements, location of operating reserves). Perform reliability analysis (actual and contingency) for the reliability areaDirect revisions to ransmissionmaintenance plans as permittedby AgreementsDirect revisions to generation maintenance plans as permitted by greements.Direct implementation of emergencyproceduresincluding loadsheddingDirect and coordinate system restoration.Curtail Confirmed Interchange that adversely impactreliability. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201830Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Reliability CoordinatorDefinitionThe entity that is the highest level of authority who is responsible for the Reliable Operation of the Bulk Electric System, has the Wide Area view of the Bulk Electric System, and hathe operating tools, processes and procedures, including the authority to prevent or mitigate emergency operating situations in both nextday analysis and realtime operations. The Reliability Coordinator has the purview that is broad enough to enable the calculation of Interconnection ReliabilityOperating Limits, which may be based on the operating parameters of transmission systems beyond any Transmission Operator’s visionIntroduction to the Reliability CoordinatorThe Reliability Coordinator maintains the time o

33 perating reliability of its Reliability
perating reliability of its Reliability Coordinator Area and in coordination with its neighboring Reliability Coordinator's idereaview. The iderea view includes situational awareness of its neighboring Reliability Coordinator Areas. Its scopeincludeboth transmission and balancing operations, and it has the authority to direct other unctionalntities to take certain actions to ensure that itsReliability Coordinator Area operates reliably.Transmission operations. With respect to transmission operations, the Reliability Coordinator and Transmission Operator have similar roles, but different scopes. The Transmission Operator directly maintainsreliability for its own defined area.However, the Reliability Coordinator also maintains reliability, in concert with the other Reliability Coordinators, for the Interconnection as a whole. Thus, the Reliability Coordinator needsWidereaview that reaches beyond its boundaries to enable it to operate within Interconnection Reliability Operating Limits. The Transmission Operator may or may not have this “Wide Area” view, but the Reliability Coordinator doeshave it. The Reliability Coordinator may direct a Transmission Operator within its Reliability Coordinator Area to take whatever action is necessary to ensure that Interconnection Reliability Operating Limitsare not exceeded.Balancing ope

34 rationshe Reliability Coordinator ensurt
rationshe Reliability Coordinator ensurthat the generationdemandbalance is maintained within its Reliability Coordinator Area, which, in turn, ensures that the Interconnection frequency remains within acceptable limits. TheBalancing Authority has the responsibility for generationdemandinterchangebalance in the Balancing AuthorityAreaThe Reliability Coordinator may direct a Balancing Authority within its Reliability Coordinator Area to take whatever action is necessary to ensure that this balance does not adversely impact reliabilityRelationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesAhead of TimeCoordinates with other Reliability Coordinators, Transmission Planners, and Transmission Service Providers on ransmission limitations NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201831Version 5.1Receives acilityand operational data from Generator Operators, LoadServing Entities, Transmission Owners, Generator Owners, and Transmission Operators.Receives generation dispatch from Balancing Authorities and issues dispatch adjustments to Balancing Authorities to prevent exceeding limits within the Reliability Coordinator Area (if not resolved through market mechanisms).Receives integrated operational plans from Balancing Authorities for reliability analysis of Reliability Coordinator Area.Receives ransmissionandgeneration mainte

35 nance plans from Transmission Ownersand
nance plans from Transmission Ownersand Generator Owners, respectively, for reliability analysis.Developsnterconnection eliability perating based on Transmission Owners’ and Generator Owners’ specified equipment ratingsandprovides them to Transmission Operators.Assists Transmission Operators in calculating and coordinating System Operating Limits.Provides reliability analyses to Transmission Operators, Generator Operators and Balancing Authorities in its area as well as other Reliability Coordinators.Directs Generator Owners and Transmission Owners to revise generation and transmission maintenance plansthat are adverse to reliabilityReceives balancing information from Balancing Authorities for monitoring.Receives final approval or denial of Arrangednterchange from Interchange AuthorityProvide IROLs and TTC to the Transmission Service Provider for ATC calculationDevelopoperating agreements or procedures with Transmission Owners.Coordinatewith Transmission Operators on system restoration plans, contingency plans and reliabilityrelated services.Real TimeCoordinates reliability processes and actions with and among other Reliability Coordinators.Receives time operational information from Balancing Authorities, Interchange Authorityiesand Transmission Operatorfor monitoring.Issues reliability alerts to Generator Operators, Tra

36 nsmission Operators, Transmission Servic
nsmission Operators, Transmission Service Providers, Balancing Authorities, Interchange Authorityies, Regional Entitiesand NERC. Issues corrective actions and emergencyprocedures directives (e.g., curtailments or load shedding) to Transmission Operators, Balancing Authorities, Generator Operators, Distribution Providers, and Interchange AuthorityiesSpecifies reliabilityrelated requirements (e.g., reactive requirements, location of operating reserves) to Balancing Authorities.Receiveverification of emergencyprocedures from Balancing Authorities. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201832Version 5.1Receivenotification ofConfirmed nterchange changesfrom Balancing Authorities.Orderredispatch of generation by Balancing Authorities.Directuse of flow control devices by Transmission Operators.Respondto requests from Transmission Operators to assist in mitigating equipment overloads. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201833Version 5.1Function BalancingTasksontrol any of the following combinations within a Balancing Authority Arealoadand generation (an isolated system)oadand Confirmednterchangegenerationand Confirmed nterchangegenerationload, and Confirmed nterchangeCalculate Area Control Errorwithin the reliability areaOperate in theBalancing Authority Areato maintain load

37 interchangegeneration balance.Review gen
interchangegeneration balance.Review generation commitments, dispatch, and loadforecasts.Formulate an operational plan (generation commitment, outages, etc.) for reliability evaluation.Approve Arranged nterchange from rampingability perspectiveImplement Confirmednterchange.Operate the Balancing Authority Areato contribute to Interconnection frequencyMonitor and report control performance and disturbancerecovery.Provide balancing and energy accounting (including hourly checkout of Confirmednterchange, Implemented Interchangeand actual interchange), and administer inadvertent energy paybacks.Determine needs for reliabilityrelated services.Deploy reliabilityrelated services.Implement emergencyprocedures. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201834Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Balancing AuthorityDefinitionThe responsible ntitythat integrates resource plans ahead of time, maintains loadinterchangegeneration balance within a Balancing Authority Area, and supportsInterconnection frequency in real time. Relationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesAhead of TimeReceives operating and availability status of generating units and operational plans and commitments from Generator Operators (including annual maintenance plans) within the Balancing Authority Area.Receives annual maintenance plans from Generator Owners

38 within the Balancing Authority Area.Rece
within the Balancing Authority Area.Receives reliability evaluations from the Reliability Coordinator.Receives final approval or denial of a request for an Arranged Interchange from the Interchange Authority(ies)Compiles loadforecasts from LoadServing Entities.Develops agreementswith adjacent Balancing Authorities for ACE calculation parameters.Submits integrated operational plans to the Reliability Coordinator for reliability evaluation and providebalancing information to the Reliability Coordinator for monitoring.Confirms Arranged nterchange with Interchange thority(ies)Confirms ampingcapability with Interchange Authority(ies)Implements generator commitment and dispatch schedules from the LoadServing Entities and Generator Operators who have arranged for generation within the Balancing Authority Area. Acquires reliabilityrelated services from Generator Operator. Receives dispatch adjustments from Reliability Coordinators to prevent exceeding limits.Receives generator information from Generator Owners including unit maintenance schedules and retirement plans. Receives information from Load Serving Entities on selfprovided reliabilityrelated services.Coordinates system restoration plans with Transmission Operator.Provides generation dispatch to Reliability Coordinators. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��

39 ;August 201835Version 5.1Real TimeCoordi
;August 201835Version 5.1Real TimeCoordinates use of controllable loadswith LoadServing Entities (i.e., interruptible loadthat has been bid in as a reliabilityrelated serviceor has agreed to participate in voluntary loadsheddingprogram under resource/reserve deficiency situationsReceives loss allocation from Transmission Service Providers (for repayment with inkind losses).Receives time operating information from the Transmission Operator, adjacent Balancing Authorities and Generator Operators.Receives operating information from Generator Operators.Provides time operational information for Reliability Coordinator monitoring.Receives reliability alerts from Reliability Coordinator. Complies with reliabilityrelatedrequirements (e.g., reactive requirements, locationof operating reserves) specified by Reliability Coordinator. Verifies implementation of emergency procedures to Reliability Coordinator.Informs Reliability Coordinator and Interchange Authority(ies)of Confirmednterchangechanges(e.g., due to generation or loadinterruptions) involving its Balancing Authority Area.Directs resources (Generator Operators and LoadServing Entities) to take action to ensure balance in ealtime.Directs Transmission Operator (or Distribution Provider) to reduce voltage or shed load if needed to ensure balance within its Balancing Authority Area.Direc

40 ts Generator Operators to implement redi
ts Generator Operators to implement redispatch for congestion management as directed by the Reliability Coordinator. Implements corrective actions and emergencyprocedures as directed by the Reliability Coordinator.Implements system restoration plans as directed by the Transmission Operator.Directs Transmission Operator to implement flow control devices.Receives information of Implemented Interchange and Confirmednterchange urtailmentsfrom Interchange Authority(ies)After the hourConfirms Implementednterchangewith Confirmed Interchange provided by the InterchangeAuthority(iesafter the hour for “checkout.”Confirms Implemented Interchange and Confirmed Interchange with adjacent Balancing Authorities after the hour for “checkout NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201836Version 5.1Function Market OperationsThe Market Operations unction, its tasks, and the interrelationships with other entities are included in the Functional Model only as an interface point of reliability Functions with commercial functions. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201837Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Market Operator (Resource IntegratorDefinition The market entity whose interrelationships with other entities are included in the Functional Model only as an interface point of reliab

41 ility functions with commercial function
ility functions with commercial functions.Relationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesMarket Operator tasks and relationships are specific to a particular market design and will depend on the market structure over which the Market Operator presides. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201838Version 5.1Function Transmission OperationsTasksMonitor and provide telemetry (as needed) of all reliabilityrelated parameters within the reliability areaMonitor the status of, and deploy, facilitiesclassed as transmission assets, which may includethe transmissionlines connecting a generatiplant to the transmission system, associated protective relaying systemsand Special Protection Systems.Develop system limitations such as ystem perating imits and otal ransfer apabilities, and operate within those limits.Develop and implement emergencyprocedures.Develop and implement systemrestoration plans.Operate within established Interconnection Reliability Operating Limits.Perform reliability analysis (actual and contingency) for the Transmission Operator Area.Adjust flow control devices within the transmissionarea to maintain reliabilityDeploy reactive resources to maintain transmissionvoltage within defined limits. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201839Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Tran

42 smission OperatorDefinitionThe entityres
smission OperatorDefinitionThe entityresponsible for the reliability of its “local” transmission system, and that operates or directs the operations of the transmission FacilitiesIntroduction to the Transmission OperatorThe Transmission Operator is responsible for the time operating reliability of the transmission assets under its purview, which is referred to as the Transmission Operator Area. The Transmission Operator has the authority to take certain actions to ensure that its Transmission Operator Area operates reliably.The Transmission Operator and Reliability Coordinator have similar roles with respect to transmission operations, but different scopes. The Transmission Operator scope is narrower than the Reliability Coordinator, and the Transmission Operator does not necessarily “see” very far beyond its own boundaries. Therefore, the Transmission Operator can calculate ystem perating imits, but will not necessarilycalculate Interconnection Reliability Operating Limits, which requires the wider scope of the Reliability Coordinator.Relationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesAhead of TimeCoordinates restoration plans with Reliability Coordinator, Transmission Operators, Balancing Authorities, and Distribution Providers.Receives maintenance requirements and construction plans and schedules from the Transmissi

43 on Ownerand Generation OwnerReceives Int
on Ownerand Generation OwnerReceives Interconnection Reliability Operating Limits as established by the Reliability Coordinator.Receives reliability evaluations from the Reliability Coordinator.Develops agreements with adjacent Transmission Operators for joint transmission facilities.Defines Total Transfer Capabilities and System Operating Limits based on facilityinformation provided by the Transmission Owners and Generator Owners and assistance from Reliability Coordinator.Arranges for reliabilityrelated services from Generator Operators.Develops contingency plans, and monitors operations of the transmissionfacilitieswithin the Transmission Operator Area control and as directed by the Reliability Coordinator.Provides acilityand operating information to the Reliability Coordinator.Provides to the Transmission Planner information on the capability to curtail(reduce) and shed loadduring emergencies. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201840Version 5.1ProvideTotal Transfer Capabilities and System Operating Limitsto, andoordinates vailable ransfer apability withTransmission Service Provider.Receives operating and availability status of generating units from Generation Operators including status of automatic voltage regulators.Develops operating agreementsor procedures with Transmission Owners.Real Tim

44 eCoordinates loadshedding with, or as di
eCoordinates loadshedding with, or as directed by, the Reliability Coordinator. Provides time operations information to the Reliability Coordinator and Balancing Authority.Notifies Generator Operators of transmission systemproblems (e.g., voltage limitations or equipment overloads that may affect generator operations).Requests Reliability Coordinator to assist in mitigating equipment overloads. (e.g., redispatch, transmissionloading relief).Deploys reactive resources from Transmission Owners and Generator Owners to maintain acceptable voltage profiles.Directs Distribution Providers to shed load if needed to ensure reliability within the Transmission Operator Area.Implements flow control device operations for those ties under the Transmission Operator’s purview as directed by the Balancing Authorities or Reliability Coordinator.Receives reliability alerts from Reliability Coordinator.Directs Balancing Authorities and Distribution Providers to implement systemrestoration plans. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201841Version 5.1Function InterchangeTasksReceive an Arranged InterchangeEnsure an Arranged Interchange is balanced and valid (Balancing Authority and Transmission Service Provider validation of sources and sinks, transmission arrangements, reliabilityrelated services, etc.).Coordinate

45 (i.e., collectandconsolidate)approval, c
(i.e., collectandconsolidate)approval, change, and denial requests forArranged Interchange to become Confirmed InterchangeApprovals may be explicit or by exception.Receive confirmations of requested Arranged InterchangeCommunicate status ofArranged Interchange that becomes Confirmed Interchangeor otherwiseCommunicate ConfirmedInterchange informationto the appropriate reliability assessment tools (e.g., the interchange distribution calculator in the Eastern Interconnection).Maintain record ofindividual ConfirmedInterchange NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201842Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Interchange AuthorityDefinitionThe responsiblentitythat authorizes the implementation of valid and balanced Interchange Schedules between Balancing Authority Areas, and ensures communication of Interchange information for reliability assessment purposesRelationships with OtherFunctionalEntitiesAhead of TimeReceives Arranged Interchange from PurchasingSelling and Load Serving Entities.Submits request for anArranged Interchangeto become Confirmed Interchangeto the Balancing Authorities and Transmission Service Providers for approvals.Receives approval or denial from Transmission Service Providers of transmissionarrangement(s)for Arranged InterchangeReceives approval or denialfrom Balancing Authorities of the abili

46 ty to meet ramping requirements for subm
ty to meet ramping requirements for submitted Arranged nterchangeCommunicates final approvalor denial ofa request for anArranged Interchange to become Confirmed interchangeto the Reliability Coordinator, Balancing Authorities, Transmission Service Providersand PurchasingSellingEntities and LoadServingEntities for implementationand NERC identified reliability analysis services.Real TimeReceives curtailmentsand redispatch implementationrequestfrom Reliability Coordinators for an Arranged InterchangeReceives informatioConfirmed nterchangeinterruptions from the Balancing Authorities and communicates the Confirmed nterchange status to Balancing Authorities, Transmission Service Providers, Reliability Coordinators, and PurchasingSelling/LoadServingEntities.Informs Transmission Service Providers, PurchasingSelling/LoadServingEntities, Reliability Coordinators, and Balancing Authorities of Confirmed nterchange revisions (including curtailments).After the hourMaintains and providesrecord of individual ConfirmedInterchangefor which it coordinated withthe Balancing Authorities.Coordinates Confirmed Interchangewith Balancing Authorities after the hour for “checkout” NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201843Version 5.1Function Transmission ServiceTasksReceive transmissionservice requests and process

47 each request for service according to th
each request for service according to the requirements of the tariff.Maintain commercial interface for receiving and confirming requests for transmissionservice according to the requirements of the tariff (e.g., OASIS).Determine and post vailable Transfer Capabilityvalues.Approveor deny transmissionservice requests.ApproveArranged nterchange from ransmissionervice agreementperspective.Allocate transmissionlosses (MWs or funds) among Balancing Authority Areas. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201844Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Transmission Service ProviderDefinitionThe ntitythat administers the transmission tariff and provides Transmission Service to Transmission Customers under applicable ransmission ervice agreements. Relationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesAhead of TimeReceives Total Transfer Capabilities, System Operating Limits and Interconnection Reliability Operating Limits from Planning Coordinator, Transmission Planner, Transmission Operator and Reliability Coordinator, and coordinates vailable ransfer apability with these entities and other Transmission Service Providers.Receives transmissionacility atings from Transmission Owners.Receives transmission expansion plans identified by the Planning Coordinator to help determineability to accommodate longterm ransmissionervice requests.App

48 roves or denies ransmissionervice reques
roves or denies ransmissionervice requests from PurchasingSelling Entities, Generator Owners, and LoadServing Entities. Confirms validity of ransmissionervice requests indicated in the Arranged Interchange with Interchange Authority(ies)Develops agreementsor procedures with Transmission Owners.Receives final approvalor denial of Arrangednterchange from Interchange Authority(ies)Real TimeReceives Confirmednterchange implementation (including curtailments) from the Interchange Authority(ies)Receives reliability alerts from Reliability Coordinator.Provides loss allocation to Balancing Authorities NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201845Version 5.1Function Transmission OwnershipTasksDevelop interconnection agreements.Establish ratingsof transmissionfacilities.aintaintransmissionfacilities and rightswayDesign and install owned facilitiesclassified as transmissionand obtain associated rightsway.Design and authorize maintenance of transmissionprotective relaying systems and Special Protection Systems. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201846Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Transmission OwnerDefinitionThe ntitythat owns and maintains transmission acilities.Relationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesCoordinates with Transmission Planners and the Planning Coordinator, Generato

49 r Owners, other Transmission Owners, and
r Owners, other Transmission Owners, and LoadServing Entities desiring to connect with theBulk Electric SystemReceives approved transmissionexpansion plans from the Transmission Planner. Develops agreementsor procedures with the Transmission Service Providers.Develops operating agreementsor procedures with the Transmission OperatorsReliability Coordinatorsand Distribution ProvidersDevelops agreementswith adjacent Transmission Owners for joint transmission facilitiesProvides transmissionexpansion plans and changes to the Planning Coordinator and Transmission Planners.Provides transmissionacility atings to Transmission Operators, ReliabilitCoordinators, Transmission Service Providers, Distribution Providers, Transmission Planners, and Planning Coordinator.Provides maintenance and construction plans and schedules to the Reliability Coordinator, Transmission Operatorand Transmission Planner.Develops interconnection agreementswith the Distribution Providerand Generation Ownerfor connecting to theBulk Electric SystemProvides reactive resources to Transmission OperatorRevises transmissiomaintenance plans as requested by the Reliability Coordinator NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201847Version 5.1Function DistributionTasksProvide and operate electrical delivery facilitiesbetween the transmission system

50 and the Enduse CustomerImplement voltage
and the Enduse CustomerImplement voltage reduction.Designand maintain protective relaying systems, underfrequency loadshedding systems, undervoltage loadshedding systems, and Special Protection Systems that interface with the transmission system.Provide and implement loadshed capability.Maintain voltage and power factor within specified limits at the interconnectionpoint. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201848Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Distribution ProviderDefinitionProvides and operates the “wires” between the transmission system and the enduse customer. For those enduse customers who are served at transmission voltages, the Transmission Owner also serves as the Distribution Provider. Thus, the Distribution Provider is not defined by a specific voltage, but rather as performing the distribution function at any voltageIntroduction to theDistribution roviderThe Distribution Provider delivers lectrical nergyto the Enduse Customerfromthe transmission system. For those Enduse Customers who are served at transmission voltages, the Transmission Owner may also serve as the Distribution Provider. Thus, the Distribution Provider is not defined by a specific voltage, but rather as performing the Distribution function at any voltage. The Distribution Provider provides the switches and closersth

51 at could be used to shed loadfor emergen
at could be used to shed loadfor emergencyactionRelationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesAhead of TimeCoordinates with Transmission Planners on transmissionexpansion.Coordinates systemrestoration plans with Transmission Operator.Coordinates with Enduse Customersand LoadServing Entities to identify new facility connection needs.Developinterconnection agreementswith Transmission Owners on a facility basis. Provides operational data to Transmission Operator.Coordinate with LoadServing Entities to identify critical loadsthat are to be precluded from load shedding where avoidable.Real TimeImplements voltage reduction and sheds loadas directed by the Transmission Operator or Balancing Authority.Implements systemrestoration plans as coordinated by the Transmission Operator.Directs Loaderving ntities to communicate requests for voluntary load curtailment NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201849Version 5.1Function Generator OperationTasksFormulate daily generation plan.Report operating and availability status of units and related equipment, such as automatic voltage regulators. Operate generators to provide Powerand eactive oweror Interconnected Operations Serviceper contracts or arrangements.Monitorthe status ofgenerating facilitiesSupport Interconnection frequency. NERC Reliability Functional Model Ve

52 rsion 5.1 ��August 201850V
rsion 5.1 ��August 201850Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Generator OperatorDefinitionThe ntitythat operates generating Facility(ies)and performs the functions of supplying energy and reliability related servicesRelationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesAhead of TimeProvides generation commitment plans to the Balancing Authority.Provides Balancing Authority and Transmission Operatorwith requested amount of reliabilityrelated services.Provides operating and availability status of generating units to Balancing Authority and Transmission Operatorfor reliability analysis.Reports status of automatic voltage or frequency regulating equipmentto Transmission OperatorProvides operational data to Reliability Coordinator.Receives reliability analyses from Reliability Coordinator.Receives notice from PurchasingSelling Entity if Arranged nterchangapprovedor denied.Receives reliability alerts from Reliability Coordinator.Receives notification of transmissionystemproblems from Transmission OperatorReal TimeProvides time operating information to the Transmission Operatorand the required Balancing Authority. Adjusts Powerand eactiveoweras directed by the Balancing Authority and Transmission Operator NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201851Version 5.1Function Generator OwnershipTasksEstablish generating

53 acilitatings, limits, and operating requ
acilitatings, limits, and operating requirements. Design and authorize maintenance of generation plant Protection SystemsProtection Systemson the ransmissionlines connecting the generation plant to the ransmission ystem, and Special Protection Systems.aintains owned generatingfacilityProvideverified generating acilityperformance characteristics/ data NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201852Version 5.1FunctionalEntity Generator OwnerDefinitionntitythat owns and maintains generating Facility(ies)Relationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesProvides generator information to the Transmission Operator, Reliability Coordinator, Balancing Authority, Transmission Planner, and Resource Planner.Provides unit maintenance schedules and unit retirement plans to the Transmission Operator, Balancing Authority, Transmission Planner, and Resource Planner.Developsan interconnection agreementwith Transmission Owner on a acilitybasis.Receives approval or denial of ransmissionervice request from Transmission Service Provider.Provides reliability related services to PurchasingSelling Entitypursuant togreement.Reports the annual maintenance plan to the Reliability Coordinator, Balancing Authority and Transmission Operator.Revises the generation maintenance plans as requested by the Reliability Coordinator. NERC Reliabili

54 ty Functional Model Version 5.1 �
ty Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201853Version 5.1Function PurchasingSellingTasksPurchase and sell energy or capacity.Arrange for ransmissionervice that is required by tariffs.Request implementation of Arranged nterchange. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201854Version 5.1FunctionalEntity PurchasingSelling EntityDefinitionThe ntitythat purchases or sells, and takes title to, energy, capacity, and Interconnected Operations Services. PurchasingSelling Entities may be affiliated or unaffiliated merchants and may or may not own generating facilitiesRelationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesAhead of TimeArranges for ransmissionervice from Transmission Service Providers and makes arrangements for reliabilityrelated services with Generator Owners or LoadServing Entities.Submits equests ForInterchange to Interchange Authority(ies)Notifies Generator Operators and LoadServing Entities if Arranged terchangerequests are approved or denied.Receives final approval or denial of Arrangednterchangefrom Interchange Authority(ies)Receives loadprofiles and forecasts from LoadServing Entities.Real TimeNotifies Interchange Authority(ies)of ConfirmedInterchange and Implemented Interchange cancellations or terminations.Receives notice of Confirmednterchange rtailmentsfrom Interchange Authority(ie

55 s) NERC Reliability Functional Model Ver
s) NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201855Version 5.1Function LoadServingTasksCollect individual loadprofiles. Identify capability for and communicate requests for voluntary load curtailmentParticipate in underfrequency loadshedding systems and undervoltage loadshedding systems through identification of critical customer loadsthat are to be excluded from the loadshedding systems.Identify need for facilities and provide capability of selfprovided reliabilityrelated rvices for its load.Develop overall loadprofiles and forecasts of enduser energy requirements. Acquire necessary ransmission ervice, and reliabilityrelated servicesSubmits Requests For Interchange to Interchange Authority(ies)Manage resource portfolios to meet emandand energy requirements of Enduse Customers. NERC Reliability Functional Model Version 5.1 ��August 201856Version 5.1FunctionalEntity LoadServing EntityDefinitionecures energy and ransmission ervice (and related Interconnected Operations ervices) to serve the electricaldemand and energy requirements of its enduse customers. Relationships with Other FunctionalEntitiesAhead of TimeSubmits loadprofilesand characteristics, plans, and forecasts as needed to the Balancing Authorities, PurchasingSelling Entities, Planning Coordinator, Resource Planners, and Transmis

56 sion Planners.Identifies new facility co
sion Planners.Identifies new facility connection needs for Enduse Customers.Provides generation commitments and dispatch schedules to the Balancing Authority. Provides information as to selfprovidedreliabilityrelated services to the Balancing Authority.Provides planned purchases to the Resource Planner and Transmission Planner for systemmodeling and reliability evaluation.Arranges for ansmission ervicefrom Transmission Service Providers and makes arrangements for reliabilityrelated services with Generator Owners or LoadServing Entities.Submits Requests For Interchange to Interchange Authority(ies)Notifies Generator Operators if Arranged Interchange requests are approved or denied.Receives final approval or denial of ArrangedInterchange from Interchange Authority(ies)Coordinates with Distribution Provider on identifying new facility interconnectionneeds.Receives notification from PurchasingSelling Entity if Arranged Interchange requests approved or denied.Real TimeReceives requests from the Balancing Authority and Distribution Provider for voluntary load curtailmentCommunicate requests for voluntary load curtailmento use ustomersas directed by the Balancing Authority and Distribution Provider. Notifies Interchange Authority(ieof ConfirmedInterchange cancellations or terminations.Receives notice of ConfirmedInterchange curtailments