Human Skin Human Skin-Integumentary System - PowerPoint Presentation

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Human Skin

Human Skin-Integumentary SystemPrepared by Mr. Shoup

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Skin

In the complex human body:Largest organ of the body 1

square inch of skin on the hand

sprouts

30 hairs

H

olds

9 feet of blood

vessels

134

yards of

nerves

9,000

nerve

endings

700

pain, heat, and pressure sensors

.

30million bacteria live on skin at least

1 inch of skin has at least 630 sweat glands

No hair on the sole of the feet, palm of hand and your lips

Lose

600,000+

skin cells per

hour, 15

million skin cells per

day=1.6lbs

per year

. 80% of house dust

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Function of the Skin

Temperature controlProtection against the elementsWater ProofReceive stimulus-touch-pressure, cold, hot, pleasure and pain

Manu factor vitamin D

8-9pounds of skin on the average human body.

12-20 square feet of skin

Skin grows from bottom up to the top layer.

Melanin-pigment that gives skin its color.

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Skin Layers

1/5th to 1/25th of an inch

Epidermis Layer:

-outer layer-dead cells.

45-75 days average to replace-bottom up!

Dermis Layer:

Live skin layer, contains the skin parts.

Nerves-sensory nerves

Sense receptors: hot, cold, pain, pressure, pleasure

Sweat Glands

-produce perspiration-sweat (water & salt) 2million+

Sebaceous glands

-produces sebum-oil of skin

Hair follicles

-produce hair 90,000-140,00 on your head alone.

Hair is dead cells that contains keratin-root is live.

Subcutaneous Layer:

Fat, muscle layer(s)

N

erves come through to the dermis layer.

Blood vessels come through to the dermis layer

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Skin Disorders

Boils: A boil is a skin infection that starts in a hair follicle or oil gland. Also referred to as a skin abscess, it is a localized infection deep in the skin.

A

boil generally starts as a reddened, tender area. Over time, the area becomes firm and hard.

Eventually

, the center of the abscess softens and becomes filled with infection-fighting white blood cells that the body sends via the bloodstream to eradicate the infection.

This

collection of white blood cells, bacteria, and proteins is known as pus

.

Finally, the pus "forms a head," which can be surgically opened or spontaneously drain out through the surface of the skin

.

http

://www.medicinenet.com/boils_pictures_slideshow/article.htm

Summary:

Bacterial infection-Staphylococcus Aureus

Red bump/green core develops-dead blood cells, dead cells, protein forming pus sac.

Treatment:

Lancing and drained out/warm packs

Antibiotics may be prescribed

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Boil Type: Hidradenitis Suppurativa

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Acne

Acne begins with the development of a plug of hardened sebum that stops up the openings of the follicular pores on the face.

These

plugs seem to become darker with age, hence the term blackheads.

When

there is a layer of skin covering the follicular opening, the sebaceous plug usually does not darken and is called a "whitehead" by some.

Once

the follicle becomes clogged, it will enlarge as more skin and sebum is produced behind it.

Bacterial

contamination of this sebaceous mixture is common since bacteria normally inhabit the follicle.

If

stretched enough, the wall of the follicle ruptures.

This

enables this material access to the deeper tissues, which produces inflammation in the form of a pimple

.

http://www.medicinenet.com/adult_acne_pictures_slideshow/article.htm

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Acne

Cystic acne is a type of abscess that is formed when oil ducts become clogged and infected. Cystic acne affects deeper skin tissue than the more superficial inflammation from common acne. Cystic acne is most common on the face and typically occurs in the teenage years.

http://www.medicinenet.com/boils_pictures_slideshow/article.htm

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What

Is Deep-Cyst Acne?Cystic

acne is common acne in its most severe form.

This

form of acne is likely to result in permanent scarring.

It

is quite rare in adults.

Most

patients with cystic acne require aggressive medical therapy to prevent blemishes

.

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What Other Kinds of Acne Are There?

Typical teenage acne, so-called acne vulgaris, is characterized by three types of lesions:

the

comedo or

blackhead

the

inflammatory

papule

the

pustule or pimple.

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Acne Treatment

Some over-the-counter and prescription acne creams help by unplugging the follicles. Others - such as antibiotics - kill the bacteria that move into the follicles.

The

oral

retinoid Accutane

works differently by reducing the amount of oil secreted by glands in the skin.

http

://

www.medicinenet.com/image-collection/acne_picture/picture.htm

Keep hands off face

Wash with water and soap

Keep hair off forehead

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Common Wart

Appear on fingers, elbows, knees and faceHuman Papilloma Virus

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Plantar Warts

Plantar warts are different from most other warts. They tend to be flat and cause the buildup of the top layer of the skin (that has to be peeled away before the plantar wart itself can be seen.

They

can be quite painful.

Plantar

warts are caused by human papillomavirus

(HPV) type 1, 2, 4 and 63 and tend to affect teenagers.

http://

www.medicinenet.com/image-collection/plantar_warts_picture/picture.htm

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Planter warts

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Wart Treatments

Over-the-counter treatments for warts include salicylic-acid preparations and freezing kits

.

Salicylic-latin word from the willow tree

Duct Tape Therapy-causes immune system to attack wart

Raw garlic cloves-may have antiviral affects

Chemical-podophyllin

Freezing-cryosurgery

Burning-electro cautery

Surgical/Laser Treatments

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Genital Warts

Genital warts (technically known as condylomata acuminatum) are most commonly associated with two human papillomavirus types, HPV-6 and HPV-11.Sexually transmitted, high-risk human papillomaviruses include types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69, and possibly a few others. These high-risk types of human papillomaviruses cause growths that are usually flat and nearly invisible, as compared with the warts caused by types HPV-6 and HPV-11

.

These can be spread also by close skin to skin contact, but mostly by sexual behavior.

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Genital Warts

A treatment that can be administered by the patient is a 0.5% solution or gel of podofilox (Condylox). The medication is applied to the warts twice per day for 3 days followed by 4 days without treatment. Treatment should be continued up to 3 to 4 weeks or until the lesions are gone. Podofilox may also be applied every other day for a total of three weeks

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Genital Warts

Alternatively, a 5% cream of imiquimod (Aldara, a substance that stimulates the body's production of cytokines, chemicals that direct and strengthen the immune response) is likewise applied by the patient three times a week at bedtime, and then washed off with mild soap and water 6 to 10 hours later. The applications are repeated for up to 16 weeks or until the lesions are gone.

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Genital Warts

http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3813Only an experienced physician can perform some of the treatments for genital warts. These include, for example, placing a small amount of a 10% to 25% solution of

podophyllin resin

on the lesions, and then, after a period of hours, washing off the podophyllin. The treatments are repeated weekly until the genital warts are gone.

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Genital Warts

http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3813

An 80% to 90% solution of

trichloroacetic acid

(TCA) or

bichloracetic acid

(BCA) can also be applied weekly by a physician to the lesions. Injection of 5-flurouracil epinephrine gel into the lesions has also been shown to be effective in treating genital warts

.

Interferon

alpha, a substance that stimulates the body's immune response, has also been used in the treatment of genital warts. Treatment regimens involve injections of

interferon into

the

lesion every

other day over a period of 8 to 12 weeks

.

Alternative methods

include

cryotherapy (freezing

the genital warts with liquid nitrogen) every 1 to 2 weeks, surgical removal of the lesions, or laser surgery. Laser surgery and surgical excision both require a local or general anesthetic, depending upon the extent of the lesions

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Human papillomaviruses produce proteins known as E5, E6, and E7. These proteins interfere with the cell functions that normally prevent excessive growth. For example, HPV-6 interferes with the human protein p53. This protein is present in all people and acts to keep tumors from growing

.

http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3813

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Prevention of Genital Warts

A vaccine is available against common HPV types associated with the development of genital warts and cervical and

an genital

carcinomas. This vaccine

(Gardasil 9)

has received FDA approval for use in females between 9 and 26 years of age and in males aged 9 to 15. It confers immunity against 9 HPV types: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58.

An

earlier version of this vaccine (Gardasil) is directed at 4 common HPV types (6, 11, 16, 18).

Another

vaccine directed at HPV types 16 and 18, known as Cervarix, has been approved for use in females aged 10 to 15

.

http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3813

Abstinence

Condom Use

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Impetigo

A bacterial skin infection caused by thestaphylococcus

or, more rarely,

streptococcus

bacteria

.

The

first sign of impetigo is a patch of red, itchy skin.

Pustules

develop on this area, soon forming

crusty, yellow-brown sores

that can spread to cover entire areas of the face, arms, and other body parts

.

Honey-colored

crust that forms after the pustules burst

.

Most

patients are children.

Treatment

is by antibiotics.

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Impetigo symptoms and signs

include small blisters dark or honey-colored crust that forms after the pustules burst.

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Ringworm

Ringworm is a common skin disorder otherwise known as tinea. (

Latin-Growing

worm)

While

there are multiple forms of ringworm, the most common affect

the:

S

kin

on the body (tinea corporis),

T

he

scalp (tinea capitis),

T

he

feet (tinea pedis, or "athlete's foot"), or

T

he

groin (tinea cruris, or "jock itch").

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How

to get Ringworm?

Fungus infection

Ringworm

is highly contagious and can be spread multiple ways.

You

can get it from an

infected

person

Infected Animal

From an object

From the soil

Heat

and moisture help fungi grow and thrive, which makes them more common in areas of frequent sweating as well as skin folds such as those in the groin or between the toes

.

This also accounts for their reputation as being caught from contaminated items such as toilet articles, clothing, pool surfaces, showers, and locker rooms.

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Ringworm Cause and Symptoms

Cause by: Fungal infectionSymptoms:Itchy, red raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze

The patches often have sharply defined edges

Often

red ring on the out side

with normal skin tone in the center. This creates the appearance of the ring.

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Ringworm

Tinea Corporis-body parts

Tinea Capitis-

Scalp

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Ringworm

Tinea Cruris-groin area

(Tinea

Faciei-face

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Ringwormhttp://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3813

Fungus under microscope

Tinea

Unguium-toenails

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Treatments

Clotrimazole-OTCCruex, Desenex, Lotrimin creams, lotions, and solutions.

Miconazole

-Monistat

Derm

cream

Ketoconazole-

Nizoral

cream

Tebinafine

-Lamisil cream and solution

Itaconazole-Sporanox

Fluconazole-

Diflucan

http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3813

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Psoriasis

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder

where rapid skin cell reproduction results in raised, red, dry, and scaly patches of skin.

It

is not contagious.

It

most commonly affects the skin on the elbows, knees, and scalp, though it can appear anywhere on the body

.

Anyone can have psoriasis. About 7.5 million people in the U.S. are affected, and it occurs equally in men and women.

Psoriasis

can occur at any age but is most often diagnosed between the ages of 15 to 25.

It

is more frequent in Caucasians

.

The cause of psoriasis is unknown

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The symptoms can range from mild, small, faint dry skin patches where a person may not suspect they have a skin

condition Severe

psoriasis where a person's entire body may be nearly covered with thick, red, scaly skin patches

.

Treatment: Body Moisturizers