DIPLOMA in Ayurvedic Lifestyle and Nutrition - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Slide2

DIPLOMA

in Ayurvedic Lifestyle and Nutrition 16th & 17th February 2019Module 6

2

Slide3

THE EXAMINATION OF DISEASE

ROGA PARIKSHA

Slide4

The

word disease is constituted from two terms: ‘dis’ and ‘ease’It conveys the meaning of discomfort or un-wholesomeness in the body

Slide5

“

Ruja thi thi Roga”Whatever causes pain or discomfort whether physical or psychological is called disease

Slide6

“

Dosha dhatu Sammuchary Roga”Any dosha or dhatu imbalance is called disease

Slide7

The five therapeutics of disease

In the treatment of disease the following aspects require examination: Nidana (Etiology or cause of a disease) Purva-Rupa (Premonitory and prodromal signs and symptoms) Rupa (Actual signs and symptoms)Upasaya

(

Therapuetic

trials)

Samprapti

(

Pathogenesis)

Slide8

Nidana

or Aetiology The two meanings of Nidana:diagnosis of the diseaseaetiology of the disease

Slide9

The importance of

Nidana in Ayurveda: “As long as the cause of the disease is not identified and prevented, there can be no alleviation of the disease”Mādhava-Nidāna – pp. 9-10 & pp. 30-33 & 39-40

Slide10

The five causative factors of disease

Prajnaparadha (Intellectual blasphemy or misuse of intelligence)Asatmyendriyartha Samyoga (Unwholesome contacts of senses with their objects)

Kala

Parinama

(

Seasonal perversions and age

)

Karma

or

Samskara

(

Causative factors

)

Krmi

(

Germs and parasites)

Slide11

Prajnaparadha

(Crime against wisdom or misuse of intelligence)It means:Carrying out an act contrary to the understanding of an awakened consciousness

Slide12

This

covers the following misuse of action of the body, mind or speech in three categories:Ayoga (non-activity or stimuli)Atiyoga (excessive activity or stimuli)Mithya yoga (inappropriate activity or stimuli)

Slide13

Asatmyendriyartha Samyoga (Unwholesome contact of senses with their objects)Asatmya = harmful conjunction between the five senses and their objects leading to disease The harmful conjunction

incorporates:

non

-conjunction (

Ayoga

)

excessive

conjunction

(

Atiyoga

)

and

wrongful

conjunction (

Mithya

yoga

).

Slide14

Examples of excessive use of sense objects

i. Hearing – Loud sounds, prolonged hearing of high pitched and rough sounds such as roaring, thunder, beating of drums ii. Touch - excessive use or handling of very hot or very cold things; too much bathing or massage iii.

Sight

- excessive

exposure to bright or powerful light

iv.

Taste

– excessive taste

of any or all of the six

rasas

v

.

Smell

- excessive

smelling of very strong or pungent or

putrid substances

Slide15

Examples of wrongful use of sense objects

i. Hearing - hearing of harsh or disagreeable or fearful sounds or mournful newsii. Touch - touching poisonous air, exposure to stormy winds or untimely advent of hot or cold weather or to be struck by anything iii. Sight - to see extremely fine and small objects very near to the eye or at very great distance; or to see loathsome, dreadful or hostile objects; or any distorted vision

iv.

Taste

- to

have recourse to only one kind of taste in excess or to exclude one altogether or take very little of one to include in one’s diet; articles of food whose combination is

harmful

v

.

Smell

- to

smell putrid, poisonous, nauseating things

Slide16

Examples of non-use of sense objects

This self explanatory and is isolation of the senses from any kind of sound, object to touch whether cold or hot; no sight of any object; no taste of six rasas; and nothing to smellFor example:Travelling on the tubeSolitary confinement including sensory deprivation

Slide17

Parinama

(Seasonal perversions and age)  Atiyoga of kala (time) = when a particular season manifests its own characteristic of cold, heat or rains in an excessive degree Ayoga

of

kala

(time)

=

when

these characteristics are

deficient

M

ithya

yoga

of

kala

(time)

=

when

a season manifests symptoms which are opposite to its particular

characteristics

Slide18

Parinama

also means:Certain diseases can affect certain constitutions in different ways Genetic effect on survivalDiseases caused by ageing eg. Menopause and osteoarthritis

Slide19

Classification of disease

according to pathophysiology

Slide20

Classification of disease

according to treatment methods

Slide21

Classification of disease

according to causative factors

Slide22

Classification of disease

according to causative factors

Slide23

Classification of disease

according to causative factorsAdi – bala – Pravrtta (Orginated from any primary inherent cause)Janamabala

Pravrtta

(congenital)

Dosa

–

bala

Pravrtta

(due to deranged body

doshas

)

Samghata

–

bala

Pravrtta

(due to extraneous causes)

Kala

–

bala

–

Pravrtta

(due to climatic and seasonal

distemper)

Daiva

–

bala

Pravrtta

(divine or natural havocs

)

Svabhava

–

bala

–

Pravrtta

(Physiological or natural type

)

Slide24

Adi

– bala – Pravrtta (Orginated from any primary inherent cause)Caused by defects in:in the father or in the mother These are hereditary diseases, eg

:

Leprosy

, asthma,

piles

Slide25

Janamabala

Pravrtta (congenital) Due to any improper conduct on the part of the mother regarding food or hygiene during the period of gestation:(a) Rasa (improper food) or (b) Lack of mindfulness of the hygienic

principles

(These

diseases can happen in spite of the fact that there is no defect in the germ cells of either

parent)

Slide26

Dosha

– bala Pravrtta (due to deranged body doshas) Occurs due to derangement of any of the doshas due to improper diet, unhealthy habits or one disease secondary to previous one

These

can be sub-divided as

Bodily (

vāta

,

pitta

,

kapha

)

or

Mental (

Rajas

and

Tamas

)

Slide27

Samghata

– bala Pravrtta (due to extraneous causes) These are diseases caused by external factors in two categories:an implement or any ferocious or poisonous animal or allergy

Slide28

Kala –

bala – Pravrtta (due to climatic and seasonal distemper) Disease can precipitate due to:excessive variabilities in climates of seasonatmospheric temperature or Humidity

Slide29

Daiva

– bala Pravrtta (divine or natural havocs) Disease can be produced by being in the wrong place at the wrong time:by lightning any malignant influence by association by accident

Slide30

Svabhava

– bala – Pravrtta (Physiological or natural type)Hunger, thirst, old-age, death, sleep etc are considered as natural or physiological diseases

Slide31

Immunity in

Caraka and Susruta“Arogya (health in respect of prevention and recovery) depends on bala or body resistance” Caraka Cikitsa

“Always try to maintain the

bala

or resistance of a person, if restored, it

arrests the progress of the disease

”

Susruta

Cikitsa

“In one who has

extremely lost the

bala

, it is not possible to make him free

of the diseases

”

Susruta

, Sutra

Slide32

Ojas

Ojas is called Vyadhi-ksamitva Vyadhi = diseaseKsamitva = declineThis can mean: To arrest the progress of the disease

Prevent the occurrence

or

Re

-occurrence of

the disease

Slide33

Sahaja

(natural or innate) Vyadhi-bala-virodhitva = natural immunity, generally of non-specific type, which attempts to defend the body in the first occurrence of any disease Yuktikrta (acquired)

Vyadhutpada

-

pratibandhakatva

=

when the natural immunity is experienced in any way

ie

.

v

accination it often succeeds to check the re-occurrence or occurrence of certain diseases

Slide34

Evidence of immunity in

Caraka NidanaNatural cure - patients recover without going under any treatment A certain inhibiting factor due to which deviations from hygiene rules do not produce a sudden ill effect among the unwholesome or contaminated diet-takers eg food poisoning which doesn’t affect everyoneThe significant peculiarities in the form of non-occurrences, poor – manifestations and full manifestations of diseases are dependent on characteristics of

aetiological

factors, reacting humours and body

tissues

Slide35

The twelve seats of

ojas sonita (blood) mamsa (muscular tissue)medas (adipose tissues or fat)asthi (bone tissues)

majja

(bone marrow

)

sukra

(genital secretions

)

sukla

(some watery secretions of the body

)

sweda

(sweat

)

pitta

(gastro-intestinal secretions

)

slesman

(

mucoid

secretions

)

mutra

(urine

)

purisa

(stool

)

Slide36

Factors affecting the Grades of Immunity

Immunity is also inherited and greatly influenced by several other factors such as:dietenvironmentmode of livingpsychic patternsgrowth or developmentage pathological

conditions of the

individual

Slide37

In

Ayurveda factors affecting the immunity have been classified into two groups: factors that lessen immunity factors that enhance immunity

Slide38

Lessening factors which lower the defence mechanism of the body

severe infection - bhutopghata excessive loss of body fluids - ativartna of kapha, sonita, sukra and malawasting - ksaya

physical exertion –

srama

&

vyayama

intoxicating liquors –

ruksa

pana

prolonged awakening

–

prajagara

mental stress such as anger, anxiety, fear, and grief –

kopa

,

cinta

,

bhaya

&

soka

injury

, accidental or surgical –

abhigata

nutritional disturbances –

ksut

,

anasana

,

atilanghana

,

ruksalpaprami

–

tatsana

season, environment, and age

–

kala

,

vatatapa

&

jara

severe

humoral

upset ­–

dosa

vega

Slide39

Enhancing factors which enhance the defence mechanism of the body

characteristics of race and generation in which birth has taken place genetic peculiarity of parents favourable climate balanced diet constitutional characteristicswant of hyper sensitivity mental peace outcome of something latent adolescence proper exercise proper stimulation