A Cat by any other Name... - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

A Cat by any other Name...Objective: To demonstrate how to name an organism using binomial nomenclatureBell work: Which of the following are correct ways to write a scientific name?Homo sapiensHomo sapiensHomo Sapienshomo sapiensHomo sapiensHomo sapiens

© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLCSlide2

If you were to draw a picture of your cat, would it look the same as your neighbor’s cat? If you said “no”, maybe it’s because the common word cat refers to all kinds of cat-like animals, ranging from the common housecat, all the way up to the king of cats, the lion. The scientific name for an animal is very different from it’s common name. Each organism in the world has been given an internationally recognized scientific name that is unique to its species that is made through the process of classifying the organism.

Is it

this

cat?

maybe

this

one?

Picture a “cat” in your mind.

© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLC

How ‘bout this one?Slide3

© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLCWhat You Need to Know:Taxonomy

: the study of classifying or organizing living things into

categories

based on common

characteristics

Carolus

Linnaeus

:

father

of modern

taxonomy

.

Linnaeus

classified things according to where they lived... LAND AIR WATERUnfortunately, this method left a few with no group to really call “home”...Slide4

© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLC

... where do

I

fit in...?

With lots of hard work,

Linnaeus was able to develop a more selective system that we still use today!

Pelicans utilize ALL three: land, air AND water...Slide5

© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLCALL EUKAROTIC

ALL ANIMALS

ALL ARTHROPODS

ALL CRUSTACEANS

ALL CRABS & SHRIMP

ALL CRABS AND SHRIMP WITH 10 LEGS

ALL CRABS

ENTER... the Levels of Classification

BROAD:

DOMAIN

Includes ALL living things; categorized into

EUKARYA

,

BACTERIA

OR

ARCHAEA

KINGDOM

:

Sorts the domains into six categories:

ARCHAEBACTERIA

,

EUBACTERIA

,

PROTISTA

,

FUNGI

,

PLANTAE

, and

ANIMALIA

PHYLUM

: divides Kingdoms; includes many classes

CLASS

: divides phyla; includes many orders

ORDER

: divides classes; includes many families

FAMILY

: divides orders; includes several genera

GENUS

: group of closely related organisms; one or more species

SPECIFIC:

SPECIES

A

group

of similar organisms that can

mate

and

reproduce

with one another; One

UNIQUE

name for EVERY ORGANISM

THIS CRABSlide6

The levels are designed to show relationships with other organisms. For example, using the seven level classification system, the common housecat would be classified as:Domain Eukarya: Made of cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organellesKingdom Animalia: Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophs that can move on their ownPhylum Chordata: Animals with backbones

Class Mammalia: Vertebrates that have fur, are warm blooded and make milk for their youngOrder

Carnivora

: Mammals that eat meat

Family

Felidae

: Carnivores that are cats

Genus

Felis: Cats that do not roarSpecies

catus: Small domesticated catsThe cat’s full name would be:

Eukarya animalia

chordata

mammalia

carnivora felidae felis catus© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLCSlide7

That’s a Mouthful! Thank Goodness for...Binomial Nomenclature: two-name naming systemEliminates confusion caused by common names (i.e. CAT)Written in Latin or GreekNames chosen based on:

Characteristics of the organism (physical, behavioral, genetic): Apoda – amphibians

“

without feet”

Commemorate

a

person

:

Potanthus

confucious – named after chinese

philosopher, ConfuciousPlace of discovery

:

Lactobacillus

sanfrancisco

– named for the bread it helps to make in California© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLCSlide8

How Do We WRITE it?Composed of the Genus and speciesThe first letter of the Genus is always capitalizedThe first letter of the species is always lowercaseScientific names can be written in italics

or underlined, but not both!Homo sapiens or Homo

sapiens

© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLCSlide9

What Do We Use to Classify?Classify according to:Cell typeGenetic makeupEmbryonic developmentReproduction/mating habits: asexual

or sexualEating habits: autotroph or heterotroph

Physical

characteristics

Other

behaviors

© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLCSlide10

What You Do:You just traveled to the Galapagos and discovered a new volcanic island that has gone undetected for almost a century! On it, you find a type of flightless bird with several noticeable characteristics. Since no one has seen them before, it’s your job to name them using the characteristics you can see. Remember that the genus should reflect the main group to which the organism belongs. The species name should reflect distinctive features of each organism, such as it’s appearance, location of discovery, or behaviors. Remember to use the rules of binomial nomenclature. Latin and Greek roots are provided in the table.© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLCSlide11

First, let’s review the roots we’ve been given...© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLC

Greek or Latin Root

English meaning

Greek or Latin Root

English meaning

a-, an-

no, not

micro-

small

bi-

two

mono-

one

capill-

hair

pinni-, pinnate

feather

cephalo-, cephalic

head

-stoma

mouth

macro-

large

 Slide12

Now, let’s look at our bird population...© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLC

What characteristics do you see?

Are there any characteristics that divide our birds into two main groups?

There are two types of beaks!

Small beaks and large beaks...Slide13

Since beak size is the major difference between our bird species, let’s use that to guide our genus name... what roots might you use?© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLC

Greek or Latin Root

English meaning

Greek or Latin Root

English meaning

a-, an-

no, not

micro-

small

bi-

two

mono-

one

capill-

hair

pinni-, pinnate

feather

cephalo-, cephalic

head

-stoma

mouth

macro-

large

 Slide14

So, let’s try to give bird #1 a name:© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLC

To begin, how should we describe it?

...a small beak

...a round body

...three feathers on its head

...two webbed feet

...two round, black eyesSlide15

Using your roots:© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLC

...a

small

mouth

=

“micro” + “stoma”

...

three

feathers

on its

head

=

“tri” + “

pinni

” + “

cephalos

”

Microstoma

tripinnicephalos

Can you name the rest?Slide16

How Did YOU Do?© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLCMicrostoma tripinnicephalicMacrostoma tritrichocephalic

Macrostoma bipinnicephalic

Macrostoma

tripinnicephalic

Microstoma

monopinnicephalic

Microstoma monotrichocephalic

Macrostoma monopinnicephalic

Microstoma bitrichocephalic

Macrostoma

monotrichocephalic

Microstoma tritrichocephalic Microstoma bipinnicephalicMicrostoma apinnitrichocephalicSlide17

How Did YOU Do?© 2015 Getting Nerdy, LLCClosely examine the organisms. Is there another way you could classify them? What is it?YES! By using their tail feathers!Look up the root for the word “tail.” What is it?

-uro Rename organisms 1-4 using the new root.Microstoma

anuropinnate

Macrostoma

monuropinnate

Macrostoma

triuropinnateMacrostoma biuropinnate