CEPD 6101 Fall 2012 9172012 Schema Theory Schema theory is also know as Cognitivism Other Names for Schema Theory Information Processing Information Mapping Scaffolding Mental Models ID: 502163
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Slide1
B. Cummins, E. Rich, & S. RobinsonCEPD 6101 – Fall 20129/17/2012
Schema TheorySlide2
Schema theory is also know as Cognitivism
Other Names for Schema TheorySlide3
Information ProcessingInformation MappingScaffoldingMental ModelsSymbol Manipulation
Associated TermsSlide4
1926 Piaget – Cognitive Theory1930’s Frederic Bartlett1977 R.C. Anderson - educational
Roots and Foundation of Schema Theory Slide5
Advance organizersAnalogies and comparisons Schema signals Cultural referencesMental models
Instructional Strategies
(to activate learner’s existing schemata)Slide6
Accretion – adding new information to existing schema
Tuning – Modifying existing schema by enhancing with new ideasRestru
ctur
ing
–
the creation of entirely new schema
Mental Models
– the schemata that represent one’s knowledge about specific matter, but also include ideas of task demands and performances.
Concepts of Schema TheorySlide7
Activating background knowledgeSchemataScaffolding
Transfer of LearningSlide8
1930’s: Frederic Bartlett introduced the Schema Theory.1970’s: Marvin Minsky reintroduced the schema construct by applying it to computer science.1973: Bransford and Johnson discovered that schema has a strong effect on reading comprehension.1977: Richard Anderson introduced schema theory in education.
Timeline Slide9
1980’s: Roger Schank and Robert Abelson developed the script construct to aid in the explanation of using schema to enhance reading comprehension.1980: David Rumelhart expanded on Minsky’s application of schema in computer science, and included it in psychology, more specifically in the mental representation of complex knowledge.1980: Charles Hacker furthered the idea of using Schema Theory in the classroom.
TimelineSlide10
1996: Carr and Thompson found that students need help students recall their prior knowledge in a subject area to help them use it to learn new information. 2000: William Brewer continued research on schema’s impact on learning and psychology.
TimelineSlide11
Education-Reading Comprehension and Problem SolvingPsychology-Memory Recall
Research Based on Schema Theory Slide12
References
Conrad, L. (2008).
Put thinking to the test.
Portland, ME, USA: Stenhouse Publisher.
Dahlin, B. (2001). Critique of the Schema Concept.
Scandinavian Journal Of
Educational
Research
,
45
(3), 287-300. doi:10.1080/00313830120074215.
DiCecco, V. M., & Gleason, M. M. (2002). Using graphic organizers to attain
relational
knowledge from expository text.
Journal of Learning Disabilities,
35
(4), 306-20. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview
/ 194221419
?accountid=15017.
Driscoll, M. (2005).
Psychology of learning for instruction
(3rd ed.). Boston, MA, USA:
Pearson
Education, Inc.
Gholson, B., & Craig, S. D. (2006). Promoting Constructive activities that support
vicarious
learning during computer-based instruction.
Educational
Psychology
Review
,
18
(2), 119-139. doi:10.1007/s10648-006-9006-3
.Slide13
References – continuedKiewra, K. A., Mayer, R. E., Dubois, N. F., Christensen, M., & al, e. (1997). Effects of
advance organizers and repeated presentations on students' learning. The Journal of Experimental Education, 65(2), 147-147. Retrieved from http:// search.proquest.com/docview/217677182?accountid=15017
.
Little
, D. C., & Box, J. (2011). The use of a specific Schema Theory Strategy
- semantic
mapping-to facilitate vocabulary development and
comprehension
for at-risk readers.
Reading Improvement
,
48
(1), 24-31.
McGregor, T. (2007).
Comprehension connections: bridges to strategic reading.
Portsmouth
, NH, USA: Heinemann.
McVee, M. B., Dunsmore, K., & Gavelek, J. R. (2005). Schema Theory revisited.
Review
Of Educational Research
,
75
(4), 531-566.
Nichols, J. D. (2002). Schema Theory: A new twist using Duplo models.
Teaching of
Psychology
,
29
(2), 150-151
.Slide14
References – continuedRance-Roney, J. (2010). Jump-starting language and schema for English-Language Learners: Teacher-composed digital jumpstarts for academic reading.
Journal Of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 53(5), 386-395.Stahl, N. A. (2006). Strategic reading and learning, theory to practice: An interview
with
Michele Simpson and Sherrie Nist.
Journal Of Developmental
Education
,
29
(3), 20-27.