JQ: The Earth has a circumference of about 25,000 miles. PowerPoint Presentation, PPT

JQ: The Earth has a circumference of about 25,000 miles. PowerPoint Presentation, PPT - DocSlides

If an ocean wave could travel . halfway. . around the Earth in 12 hours. ,. . then at what speed would that wave be traveling?. ~. TIDES. Tides. The periodic short term changes in the height (rise or fall) of the ocean surface at a particular place. ID: 720296

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JQ: The Earth has a circumference of about 25,000 miles.

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JQ:
The Earth has a circumference of about 25,000 miles.
If an ocean wave could travel
halfway
around the Earth in 12 hours
,
then at what speed would that wave be traveling?
~
TIDES
TidesThe periodic short term changes in the height (rise or fall) of the ocean surface at a particular place
Caused by a combination of
Distance between the Earth, moon and sun
Gravitational force of the moon and the sun and the motion of Earth
Moon’s influence 2x’s the sun’s (it is closer to Earth)
TidesThe longest of all waves
Wavelength = ½ Earth’s circumference
They are always in shallow water
Fastest of all water waves
Speed is proportional to wavelength
Tides move quickly
~1600 kilometers per hour (1000 mph)
7
TIDES
Tides are extremely long waves caused by the gravitational attraction of the Moon and the Sun on Earth. They are also affected by the:
NOAA
1. shape and depth of the ocean floor
2. latitude (greater pull at equator)
3. volume of water
NASA
Earth-Moon SystemThe moon’s gravity attracts the ocean toward it
The Earth-Moon system revolves once a month (27.3 days) around the system’s center of mass
The motion of Earth around the center of mass creates a bulge on the side of Earth opposite the moon
Combination creates two tidal bulges daily
0
1
2
3
Tides occur when Earth rotates beneath the bulgeA tidal day is 24 hours 50 minutes long because the moon rises 50 minutes later each day
4
14
The Earth and Moon revolve around each other and rotate on their axes.
Earth’s rotation = 24 hours (one day)
Moon’s rotation = 24 hours and 50 minutes (lunar day)
Tides occur 50 minutes later every day because of the rotation time difference.
At high tide (flow), the Moon pulls water out toward it. Centripetal force pulls water out on the opposite side - causing a tidal bulge.
As the Earth turns, locations move out of the center of gravity and low tides (ebb) result.
high tide
low tide
Moon
5
6
Variations in TidesThe moon can also move 28 ½ degrees above or below the equator each month
Tidal bulges are offset relative to this change
7
8
9
19
Tidal range is the difference between high and low
tide.
0
20
The Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia has the greatest range in the world
~53
feet.
1
Sun-Earth-Moon SystemOcean responds to inertial and gravitational forces of the sun too
2
Spring TidesWhen the sun, Earth and moon are aligned, solar and lunar tides are additive
Results in higher high tides and lower low tides
Occur at two week intervals during new moons and full moons
3
4
Neap TidesWhen the sun, Earth and moon are at right angles, the solar will reduce the lunar tide
Results in lower high tides and higher low tides
Occur at two week intervals, arriving one week after the spring tide (during first quarter and last quarter moons)
5
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26
Tides are greater in North America in the winter because the Earth is slightly closer to the Sun in winter.
7
27
Tides are also greater at times during the month when the moon and earth are closer together.
8
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JQ: YOU NEED YOUR OCEANOGRAPHY TEXT BOOK TODAY
Weather reports were expressing worries of “
storm tide
” this past weekend, which might have created extra flooding. Based upon your understanding of tides, and how the
moon looked this weekend, explain why they were concerned.
0
1
31
Frequency is how often tides occur. There are some exceptions but basically there are 3 types:
2. Semi-diurnal
= 2 equal high and low tides per
day
each
6
hours - 12 ½
minutes apart
ex
: east coast of U.S.
1
.
Diurnal = 1 high and 1 low tide per
day
each
12
hours - 25 minutes
apart
ex: Gulf of Mexico, S.E. Asia
3. Mixed = 2 high tides and 2 low tides of unequal
range
each 6 hours - 12 ½ minutes
apart
ex
: west coast of U.S.
2
32
3
Importance of TidesGreatly influences coastal marine life
Different organisms have adapted to areas within the intertidal zone
Ships use the tides to exit and enter port
Tidal power is the only marine energy source that has been successfully exploited on a large scale
4
Link
5
Oceanography Text Work
Read chapter
11 in the Oceanography book and answer Study Questions #1-4 and Thinking Critically #1-4 273 -274.