Ms. Warnberg An Introduction - PowerPoint Presentation

Ms. Warnberg An Introduction to the Middle Ages

Lead an invasion of England after his cousin once removed, King Edward the Confessor, dies.C laimed he was the rightful king. United the Anglo-Saxons.Doomesday BookLaw & OrderCultural Unity William the conqueror What was William’s title before he conquered the Anglo-Saxons?

God The King Vassals & LordsKnightsSerfsFeudalism: Chain of Being The king owned all the land. Lords were appointed by the king. They could grant land to vassals or be vassals themselves. Vassals received land from a lord in exchange for military service or other loyalties. They could be lords by distributing portions of their land to others. Knights served lords in battle. Vassals had to provide them. Serfs were peasants who worked the land that others owned.

Only wealthy knights could afford armor. They received the title “sir”. Chivalry and Loyalty Loyalty to their lord was sealed with a kiss Knights What do knights have to do with The Lion King?

Could not serve as soldiers, therefore they had no political powerSubservient to all men (fathers, husbands, brothers) Roles were to bear children and to take care of the house and fields Women During the Middle Ages How do women in the United States live compared to women in the Middle Ages?

Chivalry: system of ideals & social codes governing the behavior of knights and gentlewomen Oaths of loyalty to the king and lords were part of it Adoring a lady would make one braver and noblerCourtly love: means of self-improvement, nonsexualGuinevere and Lancelot broke the code and ruined the system Chivalry and Courtly Love What famous knight is represented on this slide? Dulcinea http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ayz50HeFJUU&feature=related

• These are physical proof of religious faith in the everyday world– “Souvenirs” of holy people thought to havereligious significance & the power of God toheal Three Types of Relics• 1st Degree: Actual body part of a saint or holy person– Ex.: finger, skull, hair, entire skeleton, etc. • 2nd Degree: Item that was touched by and belonged to the saint or holy person – Ex.: clothing, shoes, jewelry • 3rd Degree: Item that came in contact with the saint or holy person – Ex.: piece of his/her home, book, crucifix or rosary Holy relics

A woman’s value was tied to the land she brought into a marriage Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Romance: a hero undertakes a quest to conquer an evil enemy (often with the help of magic) RomanceCan anyone think of a modern day romance?

As people moved to the city, a new class system developed that made the feudal system obsolete. Upper, middle, lower We see evidence of this in Chaucer’s work The fall of Feudalism

• Began in the Church – most of the population was illiterate and plays taught stories of the Bible– Miracle Plays – Based on the legends ofsaints– Mystery Plays – Based on Biblical stories • Passion Plays- reenacted the last week andcrucifixion of Christ’s life–Morality Plays – personified virtues and vices • Performances of the plays was taken over by the trade guilds– Groups of men of the same trade– Pageant wagons or carts were movable stages on wagons that depicted different scenes of a skit and processed through the town • Modern-day parades are modeled after this Drama

Archbishop of Cantebury Prime Minister under King Henry II “Will no one rid me of this meddlesome priest?”King Henry’s knights murder Thomas. Public outrage Thomas a martyr Tension between Catholic church and England Thomas a’ becket

• Fosters cultural unity • Continues to be a center for learning – Monasteries- libraries and publishers – Latin – international language of educated Europeans – Pope- “King of Kings” his kingdom had no boundaries The Catholic Church

• King John was backed by the Pope but English barrons forced him to sign thedocument to curb the Church’s power– Later it becomes the basis for Englishconstitutional law• Trial by Jury• Legislative taxation Magna Carta- “Great Charter”

• 1st national war between England &France• 2 British kings (Edward III & Henry V)claimed the throne of France– English lost– English yeoman- small landowners formnucleus of the army – replace knights• Yeoman class, modern democratic England isborn Hundred Years’ War 1337-1453

• Young French girl who had visions of Christ as a child • Persuaded King of France to allow her to leadthe French army into battle – was told by Godshe would be victorious– Captured in Burgundy and sold to the English– English turned her over to the Catholic Church for trial– tried for heresy (speaking out against the Catholic Church and her beliefs), witchcraft, and wearing men’s clothes• Burned to death and canonized as a saint http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gv2p2WZoUE Joan of Arc 1412-1431

• 1348-1349 • Spread by fleas and rats• Reduced England’s population by a 1/3– Caused labor shortage – Feudalism dies – serfs are freed(Bring out your dead) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grbSQ6O6kbs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFACHNd_AWs The Black Death: Bubonic plague

• King Henry VII’s marriage reconciles warring houses of York and Lancaster – War of the Roses-over which house wouldrule England• York – red rose• Lancaster-white rose• Lancaster won – strong king started theTudor line – King Henry VIII’s family –England’s Renaissance begins End of the Middle Ages