Religion Chapter 7 Niel Scott - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Religion

Chapter 7

Niel Scott

Samantha Hauser

Jessica MasseySlide2

What do you believe?Slide3

Influence of Religion on Education

Election of school board members

Curriculum

Textbooks used in schools

Religious families may dominate a

school communitySlide4

Old Order Amish Community

Amish

Mennonites

Both part of a conservative Christian group with Swiss and Dutch origins

Community with strict codes for behavior and dressSlide5

Atheists and AgnosticsAtheists believe there is no God or gods exist

Agnostics

argue that we do not and cannot know God or gods exist Slide6

The First Amendment

Engle v. Vitale-

the courts ruled that any type of prayer is unconstitutional government sponsorship of religion

Stone v. Graham-

the courts ruled that the posting of the Ten Commandments in schools was unconstitutional

Edwards v. Aquillard –

it was found by the courts that the teaching of “creation science” in all instances is unconstitutional Slide7

In 1962 and 1963, the Supreme Court ruled against school prayer in schoolsConservative groups have tried to revive prayer in schoolsThe Supreme Court does not prevent any teachers or students from praying privately in school

School PrayerSlide8

Secular Humanism

Belief that curriculum emphasizes respect for human beings and de-emphasizes or ignores GodIt is not a organized religion only a perspective of the individuals who aligned themselves with this belief

Multicultural Education is an educational concept which incorporates the different cultural groups to which individuals belong

Slide9

Religious Pluralism is described as the acceptance of all religious paths as equally valid, promoting coexistence

Unification Church is considered by some to be a cult and an adaption of Christianity, which believes in a cosmic struggle between the forces of good and evil

Religious Pluralism in the United StatesSlide10

Protestants

Liberal ProtestantConservative Protestants

Mainline Protestants

Fundamentalist Christians Slide11

Who are Evangelicals?

Religious Rights literally believe that the Bible is the word of God

Fundamentalists

can apply to any religious group: Christian, Jewish, Islamic, and others who represent an extremely conservative element of their religion

Evangelical Moderates

a movement where believers focus on social and economic justice rather that the wars on sex and immorality; leaders such as: Adam Hamilton, Rick Warren, and Jim Wallis

Ones who identify themselves affirmatively answering to three questionsSlide12

The Political Influence

Moral Majority consists of conservative Christians who supported Christian moral law

Rev. Jerry Falwell was the founder of this movement in 1979

Believed they represented the majority of the people’s opinion

Dr. James Dobson and Rev. Pat Robertson have and will continue to impact the interpretation of federal laws for decadesSlide13

Evolution

Creation Science

accepts all living things in six days, literally as presented in the Bible

Intelligent Design

suggests that only an intelligent being could have created a natural world

Many Americans continue to reject Charles Darwin’s view of evolution

Only 13% believe that God had no part of the process(2006c)Slide14

What do you think are the attitudes toward evolution in our community?

QuestionSlide15

Different Types of ReligionSlide16

Catholicism One denomination under a Pope, who has authority over all Catholics throughout the world.

In 2006, 24% of the U.S. population, 67,820,833 peopleThe Catholic Church in the U.S. is the wealthiest national church in the Roman Catholic world. Slide17

Similarities Among DiversityAlthough they are different, Protestant and Catholics do agree on some beliefs.

Members Include: Irish, Italian, Polish, Mexican, Puerto Rican, etc.Different parishes speak different languages, some speak Italian, Spanish, and even Latin.One of the four major faiths in the countrySlide18

Effect on EducationThe Roman Catholic Church in The U.S. have developed the largest private education system in the world.

They offer a relative lower cost than most other private institutionsPrivate schools vary all over the states, and even internationally such as Notre Dame, Creighton, and Loyola. Slide19

Political InfluencesIn 1928, Alfred Smith, the Democratic nominee was the first Roman Catholic to run for the office of president.

John F. Kennedy was the first, and to this day only, Catholic president. Some conservative Catholics voiced objections to John Kerry, because of his pro-choice position on abortion.Slide20

JudaismOne of the oldest religions known

Historical roots to both Catholicism and ProtestantismOne of four major faiths2.2% of U.S. population in 2006Slide21

Similarities Among DiversityThere is no Jewish race

Jewish law, one who is born to a Jewish mother, or who converts to Judaism is considered Jew Reformed Jews also accept children born to non-Jewish mothers as Jews.Very few Jewish people attend the Synagogues except on holy days.Slide22

Similarities Among Diversity (Cont’d)Two major groups: The Ashkenazim and the Sephardim

Ashkenazim came from Jewish community of Central and Eastern EuropeThe Sephardim were from Spain, Portugal, or other Mediterranean countriesSlide23

Effect on EducationMany Temples or Synagogues throughout the country operate only at elementary grades.

Yeshivas, or private religion schools, can go up to middle school grade level and even universities!Slide24

IslamIslam means to surrender to the will or law of God

One of the major religions, with over 1 billion adherents worldwide1,209 mosques located throughout the countrySlide25

Islam (Cont’d)The first Muslims to settle in this county were a group of immigrants from the Middle East settled in Cedar Falls, Iowa.

Ka’ba is the place of worship that Allah, the Arabic word for GodJihad – is the “struggle”,”effort”, or “striving” in the way of GodSlide26

Islamic BeliefsThe people who practice Islam are Muslims

Islam is based on the holy writings of the Qur’an or Koran.Qur’an’s basic theme is the relationship between God and His creaturesSlide27

Islamic Beliefs (Cont’d)The basic tenets of Islam include:

1. Faith – belief in One God and Mohammad as his last messenger 2. Prayer – five times daily, facing Mecca 3. Charity – contributing to peace 4. Fasting – without food or sunrise to sunset during

Ramadan (9

th

month of Islamic year)

5. Pilgrimage – a visit to Mecca once in a lifetime,

performing the HajjSlide28

BuddhismBuddhism is one of the worlds major religions

A quarter of a billion to a third of a billion members worldwideBuddha is the solution to life’s dilemmaBuddhists view existence itself as the problem with life, as long as there is existence, there is sufferingThe Key to Salvation is to let go of everythingSlide29

Teachings of BuddhaTo Live is to Suffer

Suffering is caused by desireOne can eliminate suffering by eliminating desireDesire is eliminated by an eightfold pathSlide30

The Eightfold Path to Eliminate DesireThe Right Belief (understanding the truths of existence)

The Right Aspiration (willing to achieve enlightenments)The Right SpeechThe Right ConductThe Right Means of Livelihood

The Right Endeavor (Effort)

The Right Meditation (concentration)Slide31

HinduismMajor religion of India

World’s 3rd largest after Christianity and Islam, 13 % of worlds populationWorlds oldest organized religionInfluencing the development of both Buddhism and Jainism

Doesn’t limit to a single book or writingSlide32

Hinduism (Cont’d)Each follower belonged to one of the following committees:

1) Brahmins, the priests and academics 2) Kshatriyas, the rulers and military 3) Vishyas, the farmers, landlords, and merchants 4) Sudras, the peasants, servants, and workers 5) Dalit, outcastsSlide33

Teachings of HinduismThree Gods

1) Brahma – the creator of the universe 2) Vishnu – its preserver 3) Shiva – the destroyerThey Believe in the law of karma - how a person reacts influences how they will be reincarnated

                                             Slide34

Other Denominations and Religion GroupsLatter Day Saints –

Founded in 1830s, Mormon practice of polygamy Moved to Utah, now the religion center of the Mormons

5.4 million people in the United States

Eastern Orthodoxy -

¼ Christians Worldwide

Members from Syria, Greece, Armenia,

Russia, and Ukraine

Only immigrated last centurySlide35

Christian Science and Unitarian Universalists All good creates is God, God heals rather than medicine

Cure of illness is spiritual Many are vegetarians Believe in exercise, good nutrition, and abstaining from alcohol and tobacco use

314 Federally Recognized tribes or groups and each has its own religion

Three levels of spiritual beings – a

supreme god, nature spirits, and

ancestor spirits

Shamans are men and women who are

chosen through supernatural calling,

are healers through contact with the spirits

Native American ReligionsSlide36

Jainism – Evolved out of India in sixth century B.C. Observe the three jewels – right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct

Sikhism – Sikhism founded in 15th or 16th century B.C. Believe in Reincarnation, Karma, and

destruction & rebuilding of the universeSlide37

Baha’ism – Founded in Persia in late 19th century Principles of equality of sexes, races, and

religious adherence. 300,000 members in the U.S.New Age Spirituality – New Age began in early 1980s Believe Christianity to be a thing of the past

No Authoritative hierarchy, unclear

precisely what the New Age groups are

and what they are not

Slide38

Wicca – Neo-Pagan, also referred to as witchcraft 134,000 people in U.S. 2001 Modern Revival of old religion witchcraft Goddess, who appears in triple form.

Focused on feminist spirituality and the sacred meaning of women’s lifeCults – “Minority religions” When cult leader dies the cult usually disbands

or disappears

Allegedly practice some degree of mind

control, brainwashing, even SuicideSlide39

How might your understanding of a variety of religions affect what you do in your future classroom?

QuestionSlide40

Interaction of Religion with Gender, Homosexuality, and Race

Source Citation

  "Ordinations in the Roman Rite."

New Catholic Encyclopedia

. 2nd ed. Vol. 10. Detroit: Gale, 2003. 634-642.

Gale Virtual Reference Library

. Web. 7 Feb. 2011.Slide41

1. Issues of gender equality are often raised in religious institutions.

2. In many of the more conservative religious bodies, the role of women is clearly defined and limited.

No female priest in Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches

Women cannot attain priesthood in the Mormon Church

And very few fundamentalist churches or denominations have or are willing to ordain women ministers.

Source Citation

  "Ordinations in the Roman Rite."

New Catholic Encyclopedia

. 2nd ed. Vol. 10. Detroit: Gale, 2003. 634-642.

Gale Virtual Reference Library

. Web. 7 Feb. 2011.

Religion and GenderSlide42

At the 2000 annual Southern Baptist Convention 16,000 delegates voted on an explicit ban on women pastors.

The actions (churches claim), are supported in the Bible:

Corinthians 14:34

, states: “Let your women keep silence in the churches; for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but they are commanded to be under obedience, as also saith the law”.

Religion and GenderSlide43

Religion and Homosexuality

Homosexuality is one of the most controversial issues in religious institutions today.Attacks on homosexuality in religious context, just as with gender, are often justified through biblical interpretations.Book of Genesis: God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah because of the sinful behaviors, including homosexuality, of the inhabitants.

Conservative religious groups tend to view homosexuality as a matter of choice, a sin, and an abomination.

They believe the AIDs epidemic is God’s retribution for the gay life.Slide44

Religion and Homosexuality

The clergy abuse scandals, which have surfaced in recent years, have caused great spiritual and economic concerns in various dioceses.The 2004 elevation of Rev. V. Gene Robinson to Bishop in the Episcopal Diocese, as the first openly gay Episcopal Bishop, has created considerable divisiveness among Episcopalians.Some congregations have split away over what they view as excessively liberal practices (Altamirano, 2007).Slide45

Religion and Race

As with gender issues, religion has had a profound impact on race and ethnic diversity issues.When individuals misinterpret biblical scriptures or interpret them to justify aberrant behavior, the consequences can be severe.Slide46

Slavery and Racism

Religious groups found justification for the practice of slavery in the bible.The Bible does not condemn slavery, its practice is found throughout both New and Old Testaments.

Paul returns slave to his master, rather than provide refuge as required in

Deuteronomy 23:15-16

Anti-Semitism roots also found in the Bible.

Biblical passages such as; Matthew 27:25-26, and Romans 3:1 justify slavery.Slide47

Role of Black Religious Groups

African American religious institutions often organized due to racism, which either prohibited or limited their membership, participation, or attendance.These churches have served their congregations in various ways. Some provide food, shelter, and occasional employment.

Black Muslims, have provided a sense of Black Nationalism, pride, and a self-help philosophy.Slide48

Civil Rights Movement and Black Churches.

Modern civil rights movement was centered in Southern African American churches.Many civil rights leaders were or are ministers or church leaders. (King Jr., Abernathy, Young, and Jackson).

They led through philosophy of civil disobedience and non-violent confrontations.

Earlier spirituals provided comfort, hope or a promise of a better life after death. Today a more immediate response to equity is sought.Slide49

Changing Attitudes

Racial issues have been debated for decades and like gender issues have become a center of religious debate.As a whole courts and society have turned their backs on segregation and racially limiting practices.

Religion has often inspired goodness and charity.

Most religious bodies have taken an openness position.

Official position and actual positions differ somewhat.

Churches that express brotherly love have higher level of congruence.Slide50

Individual Religious Identity

Most Americans are born into the religion of their parents, but are free to choose. Pier pressure is main reason for staying .A person’s ethnicity, class, or gender may have considerable influence on behavior or values.

When ethnic identity is very important, it is combined with religious identification.

Religion may be primary microculture with which individuals identify.

Irish Catholic, Russian Jew, or Norwegian Lutheran.

Regions in which one lives also affects the strength of identification.

Often students whose beliefs are different than the majority are ostracized or bullied in school and social settings.Slide51

School Vouchers Right or WrongSlide52

Censorship

Censorship movements tend to be heavily influenced by fundamentalist and conservative religious groups.Also, committees in school districts like the text book selection committee.

This is a Serious matter that cannot be underestimated.

Censorship has resulted in dismissals or resignations of teachers and administrators.

It has split communities and has the potential to create serious controversy.

Most censors feel passionately that the cause they support is just and morally right.Slide53

What do laws permit with respect to school prayer?

QuestionSlide54

The End

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