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We Serve Others, We Serve Others,

We Serve Others, - PowerPoint Presentation

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We Serve Others, - PPT Presentation

But Who Serves Us Scott M Williams PhD LMFT Family and Consumer Sciences CSUN December 17 2010 2010 The Serving Professional We must take care of ourselves so we can take care of ID: 413324

stress 2010 stressful taylor 2010 stress taylor stressful work corey events health control physical amp coping negative sense emotional

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Slide1

We Serve Others,But Who Serves Us?

Scott M. Williams, PhD LMFT

Family and Consumer Sciences, CSUN

December 17,

2010

©2010Slide2

The Serving Professional

“We must take care of

ourselves

, so we can take care of others”

Crandall & Lawrence©2010Slide3

Identifying Sources of Stress

Necessary to recognize the inevitable sources of stress that are part of care giving

Key to being an “ethical practitioner”

Not to eliminate stresses, but to cope with themIncreased stress manifests as physical, mental, emotional, occupational, and spiritual fatigue

Corey, Corey, & Callanan ©2010Slide4

Identifying Sources of Stress

Being overly responsible

Not allowing those we serve to take responsibility for their progress

Signs of taking too much responsibilityIrritabilityEmotional exhaustionFeelings of isolation

Abuse of alcohol or drugsHaving a relapse from recoveryReduced personal effectivenessIndecisivenessCompulsive work patternsDrastic changes in behaviorFeedback from friends or partnersCorey, et al.©2010Slide5

Unmanaged Stress

Unmanaged stress is the major cause of

burnout

and impairment

©2010Slide6

Burnout

Physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual depletion characterized by feelings of helplessness and hopelessness

(

Corey, et al.) An answer to chronic labor stress that is composed of negative attitudes and feelings toward coworkers and one’s job role, as well as feelings of emotional exhaustion

(Jenaro, Flores, & Arias)Emotional exhaustion is caused by long work hours, heavy involvement in administrative duties, and the perception of having little control over work activities (Stevanovic & Rupert)

©2010Slide7

Impairment

The presence of a chronic illness or severe psychological depletion that is likely to prevent a professional from being able to deliver effective services

Corey, et al

.

©2010Slide8

StressSlide9

Defining Stress

Stress is a negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes that are directed either toward altering the stressful event or accommodating to its effects

Taylor

©

2010Slide10

Do We Fight, Flight, or Join With Others?

Fight or Flight:

In response to a perceived threat, the body is rapidly aroused by the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system

Allows the organism to attack the threat or to flee the sceneBut what does this mean today?

Fight refers to aggressive responses to stressFlight may be seen in social withdrawal or withdrawal through substance usePeople do not merely fight or flee, they also affiliate with othersTaylor©2010Slide11

Psychological Appraisal

Important determinants of whether an event is responded to as stressful

Two types of Psychological Appraisal

Primary AppraisalSecondary Appraisal

Taylor©2010Slide12

Primary Appraisal

Events may be perceived as positive, neutral, or negative in their consequences

Negative events are further appraised for their potential:

HarmAssessment of the damage that has already been doneThreatAssessment of possible future damage that may be brought about by the event

ChallengeThe potential to overcome and possibly profit from the eventTaylor©2010Slide13

Secondary Appraisal

The assessment of one’s coping abilities and resources

Whether they will be able to deal with the harm, threat, and challenge of the event

When primary appraisals are occurring, secondary appraisals begin

Taylor©2010Slide14

Dimensions of Stressful Events

Negative events are more likely to produce stress than positive ones

Uncontrollable or unpredictable events are more stressful than controllable or predictable ones

Ambiguous events are perceived as more stressful than are clear-cut eventsAdverse aftereffects of stress persist long after stressful event ends, resulting in health hazards, decreases in performance and attention span

Taylor©2010Slide15

Stressful Live Events (SLE)

Daily Hassles (Minor Stressful Events)

Minor hassles can conceivably produce stress and aggravate physical and psychological healthSlide16

Measurement of Daily Strain

Hassles that can cause daily strain

Indicate how much of a strain each of these annoyances has been for you in the past month

Taylor

©2010Slide17

Stressful Live Events (SLE)

Chronic Stressful Conditions

Long-term effect of early stressful life experiences and chronic stressful conditions

Studies show that stressful life events (SLE) predict illness

Taylor ©2010Slide18

Stress in the WorkplaceSlide19

Challenges in the Workplace

Work stress is one of the most preventable stressors

Specific challenges:

Physical HazardsOverloadAmbiguity and Role ConflictSocial RelationshipsControl

Taylor©2010Slide20

Physical Hazards

Exposure to physical, chemical, and biological hazards

Adverse health outcomes can include:

InjuriesCancersRespiratory diseaseCardiovascular disease

Taylor©2010Slide21

Overload

Working too long and too hard at too many tasks

More stress

More health risksTaylor

©2010Slide22

Ambiguity and Role Conflict

Role ambiguity

Occurs when a person has few clear ideas of what is to be done and no idea of the standards used for evaluating work

Role conflictOccurs when a person receives conflicting information about work tasks or standards from different individuals.

Taylor©2010Slide23

Social Relationships

Not having satisfying social relationships at work is related to job stress

Workers with little opportunity to interact with others are less satisfied with their jobs

Having a poor relationship with one’s supervisor appears to be especially related to job distress

Taylor©2010Slide24

Control

Lack of control over work has been related to a number of stress and illness indicators including:

Job dissatisfaction

AbsenteeismDevelopment of coronary artery disease

Taylor©2010Slide25

Reducing Occupational Stress

Nurture a positive environment

(Crandall & Lawrence)

Reduce physical work stressorsMinimize unpredictability and ambiguity in expected tasks ad standards of performanceInvolve workers as much as possible in the decisions that affect their work life

Make jobs as interesting as possibleProvide workers with opportunities to develop or promote meaningful social relationshipsReward workers for good, rather than focusing on punishmentSupervisors look for signs of stress before stress has an opportunity to do significant damage (Taylor)Treat others the way you want to be treated (Crandall & Lawrence)©2010Slide26

Coping With Stress

“Stress isn’t the problem; it’s how we handle it”

Crandall &

Lawrence

©2010Slide27

How Do We Cope?

Coping is the process of managing demands (external or internal) that are perceived as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person

Coping consists of efforts to manage environmental and internal demands and conflicts among them

Taylor

©2010Slide28

Pessimism, Optimism, and Stress

Negativity and Stress

Negative affectivity is a pervasive negative mood marked by anxiety, depression, and hostility

Optimism and StressAn optimistic nature can lead people to cope more effectively with stress and in doing so reduce their risk for illness

Taylor©2010Slide29

Control and Stress

Feeling that you can control a stressful situations can help you effectively cope with stress

Taylor

©

2010Slide30

Problem-Focused and Emotion-Focused Coping

Problem-Focused Coping

Involves attempts to do something constructive about the stressful conditions

Emotional-Focused CopingInvolves efforts to regulate emotions experienced because of the stressful event

Taylor©2010Slide31

Basic Techniques of Stress Management

Identify stressors

Identify stress antecedents

Avoid negative self-talkUse positive self-talkAcquire skills

Set new goalsEngage in relaxation trainingSlide32

Behaviors That Can Reduce or Enhance Our StressSlide33

Exercise

Exercise has a beneficial effect on heart functioning

Stress has an adverse effect

Stress is associated with lesions in the heart tissueCenter for the Advancement of Health recommends 30 minutes or more of moderate intensity activity most/all days of the week

Taylor©2010Slide34

Weight Control

Maintaining a proper diet and getting enough exercise jointly contribute to weight control

Stress affects eating, although in different ways for different people

Taylor

©2010Slide35

Sleep

More than 14 million Americans (mostly over 40) have major sleep disorders (mostly insomnia)

Sleep consists of four stages and all are essential

Stages 3 and 4, known as deep sleep, are the most important for restoring energy and strengthening the immune system

Taylor©2010Slide36

Avoid Alcohol (and Substance) Abuse and Smoking

Symptoms of alcohol abuse include difficulty in performing one’s job because of alcohol consumption, inability to function socially without alcohol, and legal difficulties while drinking, such as drunk driving convictions

Smoking is the single greatest cause of preventable death

Smoking has a synergistic effect on other health-related risk factors; it enhances the harmful effects of other risk factors in compromising health

Taylor©2010Slide37

Maintaining Vitality and Your Mission PlanSlide38

Sustaining the Personal Self

A serious ethical obligation

To work in a competent and ethical manner, professionals need to acquire and regularly practice self-care and wellness strategies

Corey, et al.

©2010Slide39

Self-Care is not an Indulgence

Necessary to prevent distress, burnout, impairment, and to maintain a level of psychological and physical wellness

Self-care involves searching for positive life experiences that lead to zest, peace, excitement, and happiness

Important for us to tend to mind, body, and spiritInvolves learning to pay attention to and be respectful of our needsA lifelong task

Corey, et al.©2010Slide40

Wellness

“A way of life oriented toward optimal health and well-being in which body, mind, and spirit are integrated by the individual to live more fully within the human and natural community”

Corey, et al.

©

2010Slide41

Wheel of Wellness

Self-Direction

A sense of mindfulness and intentionality in meeting major life tasks

A sense of worth, a healthy sense of control, realistic beliefs, emotional awareness and coping, problem solving and creativity, a good sense of humor, good nutrition, exercise, gender identity, and cultural identityWork and LeisureProvide a sense of accomplishment and involve a balance between the two

FriendshipIncorporates all of one’s social relationships that involve a connection with othersLoveInvolves long-term, intimate, trusting, compassionate, and mutually committed relationshipsSpiritualityAn awareness of a being or force or value that goes beyond the material dimension and gives a deep sense of wholeness or connectedness to the universeCorey, et al.©2010Slide42

Questions/Comments?

Contact information:

Email:

scott.m.williams@csun.eduWebsite:www.csun.edu/faculty/scott.williamsSlide43

References

Corey, G., Corey, M., and Callanan, P. (2011).

Issues and

ethics in the helping professions (8

th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks Cole.Jenaro, C., Flores, N., and Arias, B. (2007). Burnout and coping in human service practitioners. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(1), 80-87.Stevanovic, P. and Rupert, P. A. (2009). Work-family spillover and life satisfaction among professional psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(1), 62-68.Taylor, S. E. (2006). Health psychology (6

th

ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.