UNIT 1 INTERACTION OF OUR SENSES WITH THE ENVIRONMENT THE 5 SENSES INCLUDE SIGHT TOUCHFEEL HEARING TASTE SMELL OBSERVATION TESTING YOUR POWERS OF OBSERVATION 2 HOW CAN WE DETERMINE IF OUR POWER OF OBSERVATION USING ONLY SIGHT WAS ACCURATE ID: 1042445
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1. OBSERVATION AND MEASUREMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTUNIT 1
2. INTERACTION OF OUR SENSES WITH THE ENVIRONMENTTHE 5 SENSES INCLUDE:SIGHTTOUCH/FEELHEARINGTASTESMELLOBSERVATION
3. TESTING YOUR POWERS OF OBSERVATION
4. 2. HOW CAN WE DETERMINE IF OUR POWER OF OBSERVATION USING ONLY SIGHT WAS ACCURATEMEASURE WITH A RULER
5. 3. CHECK TO DETERMINE IF YOU WERE ACCURATE. HOW MANY OBSERVATIONS USING ONLY SIGHT DID YOU HAVE CORRECT (1, 2, OR 3)?
6. C. OUR POWERS OF OBSERVATION ARE LIMITED BY OUR SENSES.
7. D. INSTRUMENTSCAN BE USED TO IMPROVE OR EXTEND OUR POWERS OF OBSERVATION. THESE DEVICES HAVE BEEN INVENTED BY PEOPLE TO EXTEND THE HUMAN SENSES BEYOND THEIR NORMAL LIMITS, AND THUS ENABLE US TO MAKE OBSERVATIONS THAT WOULD OTHERWISE BE IMPOSSIBLE OR HIGHLY INACCURATE.
8. E. EXAMPLES
9. 1. GRADUATED CYLINDER
10. 2. MICROSCOPE
11. 3. SPRING SCALE
12. 4. WIND VANE
13. 5. COMPASS
14. 6. TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE
15. 7. TELESCOPE
16. 8. THERMOMETER
17. 9. MAGNIFYING GLASS
18. 10. RULER
19. F. WHICH INSTRUMENTS CAN BE USED TO ACCURATELY MEASURE EACH OF THESE?
20. II. INFERENCEAN INTERPRETATION OF AN OBSERVATION BASED ON ONE’S KNOWLEDGE AND/OR EXPERIENCE
21. A. FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU OBSERVED THE APPEARANCE OF MORE AND MORE CLOUDS THAT WERE DARKER AND DARKER IN COLOR, YOU MIGHT INFER THAT ……IT WILL RAIN
22. OBSERVATIONS:INFERENCES:B. LIST THE OBSERVATIONS AND INFERENCES THAT YOU CAN MAKE BASED ON THIS PICTURE:
23. IDENTIFY EACH STATEMENT AS EITHER AN OBSERVATION OR AN INFERENCE:
24. (A) THE DOG IS GROWLING.(B) THE DOG IS ANGRY.
25. THE PEBBLE IS SM0OTH AND ROUNDED.THE PEBBLE WAS CARRIED BY A STREAM.THE PEBBLE IS LIGHT BROWN IN COLOR.
26. BY TOMORROW, THE STREAM WILL OVERFLOW ITS BANK.THE RIVER IS HIGH, MUDDY AND FLOWING SWIFTLY.THE RAINFALL HAS BEEN CONTINUOUS AND IS HEAVY.
27. (A) THE TIRE HAS A LEAK.(B) THE TIRE IS FLAT.
28. (A) THERE IS A TRACK ON THIS TRAIL.(B) THE TRACK WAS MADE BY A LARGE DEER.
29. (A) THE LEAVES ON THE TREE ARE MOVING.(B) THE LEAVES ON THE TREE ARE MOVING, SO WIND MUST BE BLOWING.
30. III. CLASSIFICATION
31. A. A CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM IS BASED ON……PROPERTIES OR CHARACTERISTICS OF AN OBJECT
32. B. A CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM ENABLES AN INVESTIGATOR TO…….ORGANIZE DATA/OBJECTS IN A MEANINGFUL WAY
33. C. CLASSIFY THE FOLLOWING ANIMALS USING THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM ON THE NEXT PAGE. PLACE THE NAMES OF THE ANIMALS IN THE DIAGRAMS. HINT: BEGIN BY COMPARING AND CONTRASTING CHARACTERISTICS.
34. ANIMALSFISH
35. SEA HORSE
36. SHARK
37. PIRANHA
38. ANIMALSBIRDS
39. BLUE JAY
40. EAGLE
41. PENGUIN
42. OSTRICH
43. ANIMALSMAMMALS
44. BEAR
45. KILLER WHALE
46. HAIRY MAMMOTH
47. GORILLA
48. BAT
49. ANIMALSREPTILES
50. LIZARD
51. CROCODILE
52. TURTLE
53. COBRA
54.
55. IV. MEASUREMENT
56. A. A MEASUREMENT IS A WAY OF EXPRESSING AN OBSERVATION WITH GREATER PRECISION.
57. IT PROVIDES A NUMERICAL VALUE FOR SOME PROPERTY OF THE EVENT BEING OBSERVED.
58. 1. ALL MEASUREMENT CONSISTS OF:
59. (A.) NUMERICAL VALUE
60. (B.) LABEL
61. 2. PROPERTIES THAT CAN BE MEASURED INCLUDING LENGTH, AREA, VOLUME, MASS, WEIGHT, TEMPERATURE, DENSITY, TIME, ETC.
62. B. LINEAR MEASUREMENT (OR “1 DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT”) -
63. DISTANCE BETWEEN 2 POINTS
64. 1. INSTRUMENT - RULER
65. 2. UNIT - METER
66. (A.) CENTI – 1/100 METER
67. 100 CENTIMETERS = 1 METER
68. (B.) MILLI – 1/1000 METER
69. 1000 MILLIMETERS = 1 METER
70. (C.) KILO – 1000 METERS
71. 1 KILOMETER = 1000 METERS
72. 3. USING THE MODEL BELOW, GIVE THE VALUE OF EACH DOT TO THE NEAREST TENTH OF A CENTIMETER, AND THEN CONVERT TO MILLIMETERS.
73. 4. WHAT IS THE LENGTH INDICATED BYTHE ARROW IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING PICTURES?
74. 5. MEASURE EACH LINE SEGMENT TO THE NEAREST TENTH OF A CENTIMETER, AND THEN CONVERT TO MILLIMETERS.
75. A) 4.1 cm, OR …….
76. 41.0 mm
77. (B.) 5.6 cm, OR ……..
78. 56.0 mm
79. (C.) 3.9 cm, OR …….
80. 39.0 mm
81. (D.) 6.4 cm
82. 64.0 mm
83. (E.) 1.0 cm
84. 10.0 mm
85. c. Area (or “2-dimensional measurement”)AMOUNT OF SURFACE SPACE
86. 1. INSTRUMENTRULER
87. 2. FORMULAA = L X W
88. 3. UNITS – “SQUARE” UNITS(A.) SQ. cm OR cm(B.) SQ. m OR m(C.) SQ km OR km
89. 4. DETERMINE THE AREA OF EACH FIGURE BELOW. (THEY HAVE BEEN DRAWN SCALE.)
90. D. VOLUME (OR “THREE-DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT” SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS THE “SIZE” OF AN OBJECT)AMOUNT OF SPACE AN OBJECT OCCUPIES
91. 1) VOLUME OF LIQUIDS
92. GRADUATED CYLINDER(A.) INSTRUMENT -
93. MILLILITERS(B.) UNITS
94. (C.)
95. (D.) WHAT IS THE VOLUME OF THE LIQUID IN THE GRADUATED CYLINDERS ILLUSTRATED BELOW?
96. 2. VOLUME OF RECTANGULAR SOLIDS
97. (A.) INTRUMENT:RULER
98. (B.) FORMULA:V = L x W x H
99. (c.) units – “cubic” units (1.) CU. cm OR cc OR cm(2.) CU. m OR m
100. (D.) 1 CUBIC CENTIMETER = 1 MILLILITER
101. (E.) DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF THE OBJECTS IN EACH ILLUSTRATION:
102. 3.VOLUME BY DISPLACEMENT
103. E. MASSTHE AMOUNT OF MATTER AN OBJECT POSSESSES
104. TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE/ELECTRIC BALANCE1. INSTRUMENT
105. 2. UNITS:(A.) GRAMS (g) (B.) KILOGRAMS (kg)
106. 3. Determine the mass by reading the scales of the beam in the illustrations below:
107. f. weightTHE AMOUNT OF GRAVITY ACTING ON AN OBJECT
108. SPRING SCALE1. INSTRUMENT
109. (B.) ENGLISHOUNCES (oz.)POUNDS (lbs.)
110. (A.) THE AMOUNT OF MASS THE OBJECT POSSESSES.3. Factors that cause weight or effect weight:
111. (B.) THE AMOUNT OF GRAVITY ACTING ON THE OBJECT.
112. G. DENSITYCONCENTRATION OF MATTER IN AN OBJECT; RATIO OF MASS PER UNIT VOLUME
113.
114. 1. FORMULA:
115. (A.) DENSITY OF A LIQUID GRADUATED CYLINDER + ELECTRIC BALANCE(B.) DENSITY OF A SOLID RULER2. INSTRUMENTS:
116. (A.) g/mL(B.) g/cm3. UNITS:
117. 4. Solve the density problems below:(A.) THE DIMENSIONS OF A RECTANGULAR SOLID OBJECTS IS GIVEN AS ILLUSTRATED TO THE RIGHT. GIVEN THAT THIS OBJECT HAS A MASS OF 150 GRAMS, DETEREMINE THE DENSITY OF THE OBJECT.
118.
119. (B.) IN THE ILLUSTRARTION TO THE RIGHT, THE MASS OF OBJECT X IS 80 GRAMS. THE VOLUME CAN BE DETERMINED BY THE CHANGE IN FLUID LEVEL. WHAT IS TH DENSITY OF OBJECT X?
120. (C.) OBJECT Y IS A PERFECT CUBE. THE DENSITY OF OBFJECT Y IS 5.5 g/cm
121. (1.) WHAT IS THE MASS OF OBJECT Y AS SHOWN BY THE POSITION OF THE BALANCE RIDERS?2) CALCULATE THE VOLUME OF OBJECT Y.3) SINCE OBJECT Y IS A PERFECT CUBE, DETERMINE THE LENGTH OF EACH SIDE OF THAT CUBE.
122. h. Density relationships
123. (A.) MODEL PROBLEM1. Density is a relation to size
124. (B.) RELATIONSHIP:THE SIZE OF AN OBJECT DOES NOT DETERMINE/EFFECT ITS DENSITY
125. (C.)
126. 2. DENSITY IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE(A.) MODEL PROBLEM
127. (1.) VOLUMEINCREASES (EXPANDS)
128. (2.) MASSREMAINS THE SAME
129. (3.) DENSITYDECREASES
130. (B.) RELATIONSHIPAS TEMPERATURE INCREASES, DENSITY DECREASES
131. (C.)
132. 3. DENSITY IN RELATION TO STATE MATTER(A.) MODELS PROBLEM(B.)
133. (C.) WATERHAS A MAXIMUM DENSITY AS A LIQUID
134. (D.)
135. 4. DENSITY IN RELATION TO PRESSURE (ON A GAS)(A.) MODEL PROBLEM
136. (1.) VOLUMEDECREASES
137. (2.) MASSREMAINS THE SAME
138. (3.) DENSITYINCREASES
139. (B.) RELATIONSHIP:AS PRESSURE INCREASES, DENSITY INCREASES
140. (C.)
141. I. TEMPERATURE
142. AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY OF A MATERIAL
143. 1. INSTRUMENTTHERMOMETER
144. 2. UNITS – DEGREES:(A.) FAHRENHEIT(B.) CELSIUS(C.) KELVIN
145. 3. COMPLETE THE DIAGRAM BELOW BY PAGE 13 OF THE EARTH SCIENCE REFERENCE TABLES.
146. 4. TEMPERATURE CONVERSION FORMULAS: