PPT-Inference and Observation

Warm up Share your picture with the people at your table group Make sure you have your Science notebook agenda and a sharpened pencil use tape to put it in front of your table of contents Describe the difference between observations and inferences. Re-thinking synonymy: semantic sameness and similarity in languages and their description. Helsinki, 2010. Liisa. . Vilkki. University of Helsinki. Evidentiality. : the source of the speaker’s information (e.g. visual observation, non-visual observation, inference, report) . Michael Hicks. Piotr (Peter) Mardziel. University of Maryland, College Park. Stephen Magill. Galois. Michael Hicks. UMD. Mudhakar. . Srivatsa. IBM TJ Watson. Jonathan Katz. UMD. Mário. . Alvim. UFMG. How we look at things in science. What is observation?. Observations are made in science. They are made by using: . Senses . Tools . increase accuracy & precision . Facts not opinions. . Two types of Observation. Objective: Using your senses to create observations, use your observations now to create an inference.. After we observe and collect data, we try to . explain . what may have happened.. This is called an inference. . Warm up. Share your picture with the people at your table group.. Make sure you have your Science notebook, agenda and a sharpened pencil. use tape to put it in front of your table of contents. Describe the difference between observations and inferences. 2009, from original posted at:. www.science-class.net/PowerPoints/. Observation. _. Inference. _8th.ppt. . Observation & Inference. What is an observation?. Discuss with your face partner….. Ask yourself: Can you describe it by seeing it? Hearing it? Feeling it? Tasting it? Smelling it? Measuring it?. To have seen or not to have seen. That is the question!. Sh. hh. hh. …I’m observing!. Observations. An observation is the gathering of information by using our . five senses. :. sight. smell. What is observation?. Observations are made in science. They are made by using: . Senses . Tools . increase accuracy & precision . Facts not opinions. . Two types of Observation. Qua. l. itative. What is observation?. Observations are made in science. They are made by using: . The 5 Senses . Taste. Smell. Touch. Hear . See . Two types of Observation. Qua. l. itative. Qua. n. titative. 1. Qualitative . #1. The boy is in the water. . Observation. #2. The weather is cold. . . Inference. #3. The tree branch is broken. . Observation. #4. If the boy crawled out of the water, the goat would butt him. . Inference. As you come in, please. G. rab a laptop and sign in. Answer the warm up on my website. A pencil. Definitions. Word. Definition. Synonyms. Observation. Inference. The action or process of looking at something or someone carefully, in order to gain information. © 2017 . ElementaryScienceTeachers.com. Pick A Card, Any Card…. © 2017 ElementaryScienceTeachers.com. What if I told you I would now take your card away?. © 2017 ElementaryScienceTeachers.com. Where is your card now?. As you come in, please. G. rab a laptop and sign in. Answer the warm up on my website. A pencil. Definitions. Word. Definition. Synonyms. Observation. Inference. The action or process of looking at something or someone carefully, in order to gain information. In the daily news and the scientific literature, we are faced with conflicting claims about the effects caused by some treatments, behaviors, and policies. A daily glass of wine prolongs life, or so we are told. Yet we are also told that alcohol can cause life-threatening cancer and that pregnant women should abstain from drinking. Some say that raising the minimum wage decreases inequality while others say it increases unemployment. Investigators once confidently claimed that hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of heart disease but today investigators confidently claim it raises that risk. How should we study such questions?Observation and Experiment is an introduction to causal inference from one of the field\'s leading scholars. Using minimal mathematics and statistics, Paul Rosenbaum explains key concepts and methods through scientific examples that make complex ideas concrete and abstract principles accessible.Some causal questions can be studied in randomized trials in which coin flips assign individuals to treatments. But because randomized trials are not always practical or ethical, many causal questions are investigated in nonrandomized observational studies. To illustrate, Rosenbaum draws examples from clinical medicine, economics, public health, epidemiology, clinical psychology, and psychiatry. Readers gain an understanding of the design and interpretation of randomized trials, the ways they differ from observational studies, and the techniques used to remove, investigate, and appraise bias in observational studies. Observation and Experiment is a valuable resource for anyone with a serious interest in the empirical study of human health, behavior, and well-being.