molecule s C H O N P combine and may form CH 4 H 2 O NH 3 H 2 PO 4 3 Molecules form m onomers CH 4 H 2 0 NH 3 may combine and form amino acids Monomers ID: 1042862
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1. Origin of Life Atoms make up molecules C, H, O, N, P combine and may form CH4, H2O, NH3, H2, PO43-Molecules form monomers CH4, H20, NH3 may combine and form amino acidsMonomers combine to form polymersAmino acids form proteins 1
2. Definitions ___________: a single unit molecule that may chemically bind to other moleculesEx. ___________________: building blocks of protein___________: a chain of repeated monomers Ex. _____________: a large molecule formed by linked monomers called amino acids2
3. Enzymes: special type of protein __________: a type of ________ that speeds up chemical _________ in living organisms without being _________ or destroyed.Chemical reactions are synonymous with metabolic reactions in biology. Are picky and only work on one molecule Example: catalase only works with H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)3
4. Chemical ReactionsTransfer of Energy Rearrangement of Atoms 4
5. Energy Definitions: Ability to do work Ability to move or change matterEnergy comes in ______ forms. 5
6. Forms of energyLight - sun Heat - shiveringMechanical - rub hands togetherElectrical - shock metal door knob Chemical - combustion 6
7. Chemical Reactions Energy is transferred Atoms are rearranged 7
8. Energy is Transferred First Law of Thermodynamics: The total amount of energy in an isolated system is constant (not increasing or decreasing). Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. 8
9. Rearrangement of Atoms __________: starting materials Product: newly formed substances : changes into A + B C + DEx. HCl + KOH KCl + H2O9
10. Energy in Chemical Reactions Chemical bonds are formed and broken Hydrogen Bonds, Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds Products can either _______ or _______ energyEndothermic Reaction Exothermic Reaction -gonic = suffix meaning energy 10
11. Chemical Bonds and Reactions Are strong bonds easier or harder to break compared to weak bonds? And do they require more or less energy?Therefore, weak bonds are _________ to break and require ________ energy to do so. Do spontaneous reactions break ‘more stable’ or ‘less stable’ bonds? Why?11
12. Rule of ThumbThe more strong bonds a molecule has, the more stable it is; consequently, more energy is needed to break down the molecule. 12
13. What is happening in this reaction?13
14. How would you graphthe diagram to the right?14Energy (heat) Time High Low
15. Endergonic Reaction Energy is absorbed Unfavorable or _________________Products are less stable than reactants Ex 1. Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2Ex 2. burning paper15
16. What is happening in this reaction?16
17. How would you graphthe diagram to the right?17Energy (heat) Time High Low
18. Exergonic Reaction Energy is released Favorable or spontaneous Products more stable Ex. Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O 18
19. Enzymes and Metabolic ReactionsEndergonic Reaction Energy is _________Products have ______ energy than reactantsExergonic Reaction Energy is __________Products have ______ energy than reactants19
20. Starting Chemical ReactionsHow do endergonic and exergonic reactions begin? 20
21. Activation Energy Activation energy (EA): the energy needed to ________ a reaction Do spontaneous reactions require EA?Do non-spontaneousreactions require EA?21
22. Enzyme and EA (Activation Energy)22
23. Role of Enzyme 23
24. Enzymesprotein that speeds up metabolic reactionsCatalysts: _______ the activation energy needed to start a chemical reactionHow do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?24
25. Importance of Enzymes Allow organisms to maintain homeostasis Without enzymes, reactions would occur too slowly for life to existEnzymes lower the activation energy needed for chemical reactions to occur = quicker reactions 25
26. Enzyme Specificity Specificity- specific, particular, precise Enzymes only work with certain _____________ or reactants. ____________: substance or molecule which an enzyme acts onStarch glucose H2O2 2H2O + O226AmylaseCatalase
27. How are enzymes specific?27
28. Enzyme Lock and Key Model28
29. What effects the performance of enzymes?Two things. Discuss with your table partner for a few moments. 29
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32. The End 32