Leonida A. GIZZI Intense Laser - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Leonida A. GIZZIIntense Laser Irradiation LaboratoryIstituto Nazionale di Ottica, CNR, Pisa, Italy& INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Italy

Laser-plasma acceleration:Connection to industry and applications

105th Plenary ECFA meeting – CERN14 November 2019

Open Session on Advanced Accelerator Technologies: Plasma

Slide2

CONTENTSUltraintense lasers scenario vs. industryEmerging societal applicationsMain required laser driver featuresStrategy for a laser driver for plasma acceleratorsNeeded key developmentsConclusions2

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HIGH INTENSITY LASERS: EVOLUTIONMajor breakthrough after the invention of Chirped Pulse Amplification

Connection to Industry and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi, ECFA Plenary Meeting – 14 Nov.2019

3D. Strickland and G. Mourou"Compression of amplified chirped optical pulses." Optics communications

55, 447 (1985)

LASER-PLASMA ACCELERATORS

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HIGH INTENSITY LASER: WORLD SCENARIOLaser-Plasma labs spread worldwide exploiting mostly EU industrial CPA laserS

and laser technology Connection to

Industry and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi, ECFA Plenary Meeting

– 14 Nov.2019

4

Slide5

LWFA: LASER POWER AND QUALITY CONTROLProgress in laser specs is key to the development o Laser Wakefield Acceleration2004: first monoenergetic electron beam 100 MeVJ. Faure et al., C.G.R. Gedders et al., S. Mangles et al., Nature 431 (2004)2006: Energy gain: 1 GeVW.P. Leemans et. al, Nature Physics 696 (2006)1995: First electron beam

A. Modena et al., Nature 377 (606) 19952014: Energy gain: 4.3 GeVW.P. Leemans et. al, PRL 113 (2014)

2019: Energy gain: 8 GeVA. Gonsalves et. al, PRL 122(2019)

+

staging (proof of

principle)S. Steinke et al., Nature 530 (2016)

LWFA: Theoretical modelT. Tajima, J. M. Dawson PRL 43, 267 (1979)

Peak

Power

1 TW

10 TW

100 TW

1 PW

30%

50%

70%

90%

Beam

Quality

(Energy in the

focal

spot)

Phase

front

correction

with

adaptive

optics

(from

astronomy

)

Additional

quality

parameters

exist

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

5

CPA Laser invention,

D

. Strickland and G.

Mourou"

Optics communications

55, 447

(

1985

)

Slide6

ThalesALPHA5/XS: 20 J, 25 fs, 5 HzTi:SapphireAmplitude TechnologiesPULSAR: 5 J, <25 fs, 5-10 HzTi:Sapphire

Current EU industrial systems offer robust solutions, incorporating ultrashort pulse capabilities at the PW

level, in a compact footprintAVAILABLE INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS

Scientific

lasers: still

require expert users

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

6

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Analysis of available technologies for PW-class, multi kW average power lasers;Comparison with the requirements of user beamlines;Current option: TiSa with diode pumped solid state pump lasers – robust; In progress: Direct CPA for higher rep-rate, higher efficiency.

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGYMajor developments in laser technology occurring now!

PUMP

SOURCE:

Flashlamp

PUMP SOURCE: Diode

laser

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

7

Slide8

STATE OF THE ARTEvolution towards high average power systems is seeding strong competitionA major change in technology: from old flashlamp pumped lasers to diode pumped lasers;Cost of DPSSL still prototype and mainly

due to diodes - not scaled to industrial production;Cost per W is expected to go down to ≈€/W level (reduction of 2 orders

of magnitude)

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi, ECFA Plenary Meeting

– 14 Nov.20198

Slide9

PW-

class system, with high repetition rate (≈kHz) and

high average

power

(10s of kW)

Machine drivers

LASER DRIVER REQUIREMENTS

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

9

Gap

still

significant

,

but

societal

applications

boosting

development

of new

approaches

Slide10

X-

ray imaging for compact, high

resolution (phase

contrast

imaging) bio-medical

diagnosticsEMERGING APPLICATIONS: X-RAY IMAGING

Address

some of the

needs

of large SR

facility

users

J.M.Cole

et al.,

Scientific

Reports

5

,

 13244 (2015)

Needs high repetition rate kW laser driver

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

10

Slide11

Connection to Industry and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi, ECFA Plenary Meeting – 14 Nov.2019

LWFA

beams

can

m

eet

specifications of

advanced

radiotherapy

approaches

EMERGING APPLICATIONS: RADIOTHERAPY

Laser-

driven

electron

beams

can

provide

ultra-high dose-rate to

meet

requirements

of future “FLASH”

radiotherapy

with

Very

High Energy

electrons

(VHEE) in a compact

size

:

Proof

of

principle

Multi-Field

Radiation

Therapy

Very

high

energy

electrons

. (

L.Labate

et al., ICEL, 2019)

V.

Favadaum

et al.,

Sci Transl Med.

2014 Jul 16;6(245):

245ra93

Needs high repetition rate kW laser driver

High dose-rate preserves healthy tissue

Now with LWFA: Dosimetry

11

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EMERGING APPLICATIONS: INDUSTRY AND SECURITY

Moving to implementation of kW laser technology for users

Industrial high

temporal

resolution X-ray

imaging - C. M. Brenner et al, PPCF, 58 014039, (2015)

Laser driven

neutron sources at

Los Alamos

High

energy

X-

rays

or

neutron

sources

are

being

developed

for

industry

and security

The Extreme

Photonics

Applications

Centre, CLF, UK

New high

intensity

laser

based

facility

(80M GPB

investment

) to

support

science

,

technology

,

innovation

and

industry

.

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

12

Slide13

REQUIRED LASER DRIVER FEATURES

Short pulse PW-kW

laser technology (CPA, diode pumping);High repetition rate

to allow user operation while enabling

active stabilization via feedback loops;

Average power ranging from 1kW to 100 kW

;High wall-plug efficiency;Efficient and stable

beam transport

and focusing;

R&D needed

:

pump lasers,

amplifiers efficiency/heat

management and compressor gratings at high rep-rate.

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

13

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Relevant BLOCKS of a laser DRIVERGain mediumAmplifier stagesPump (Energy)CoolingCooling

Connection to

Industry and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi, ECFA

Plenary Meeting

– 14 Nov.2019

14

Optical compressor

Transport

Transport

Similar

to RF

generators

(e.g. Klystrons), laser driver

power

is

generated

and

delivered

to

cavity

(plasma)

Concern

is

similarly

on

efficiency

,

stability

,

lifetime

…

No

fundamental

limitations

,

but

technology

needs

major

boost

;

So far

developments

driven

by science (

higher

peak

power

);

Need

to

move

to machine-

driven developments Focusing

Slide15

SHORT TERM APPROACH

up to ≈ kW average laser power with <PW peak power and

high(est possible) kHz repetition rate (k-BELLA@LBNL, Kaldera@Desy, LEAP@CELIA …

);Ti:Sa

technology pumped by diode-pumped solid state (DPSSL) lasers provides a relatively safe ground, with major

industrial and research endeavour in placeRecent developments, with diode pumping (higher efficiency) prototype pump lasers offer kW performances at the required Ti:Sa

pumping wavelength of 0.5 µm;3-5 years to go to first LWFA demonstrator (e.g. Eupraxia)

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

15

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BREAKTHROUGH: kW with % efficiencyConnection to Industry and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi, ECFA Plenary Meeting –

14 Nov.201916

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INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS: DIODE (DPSSL) READYIndustrial unit: conversion to diode pumping fully designed Flashlamp pumped Nd:YAG/ DPSSL possible45 J output energy demonstrated @ 10 Hz, 1064 nm60 J SHG energy @ 532 nm : design targetRamping up to 10 Hz, full energy (design limit): in progressREADY for 50 Hz operation with diode pumping

Connection to

Industry and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA Plenary

Meeting –

14 Nov.201917

Slide18

Design study: the EuPRAXIA LASEREuropean

companies interested

A viable laser driver for a user plasma accelerator with high readiness

L.A. Gizzi et al.,

Nuclear Inst

. and Methods in Physics Research, A 909 (2018) 58–66

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

18

L.A. Gizzi

et al., NIMA 909, 58

(

2018);

G.Toci

et al.,

Instruments 3

,

40 (2019)

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FUTURE SCENARIO

Other technologies under development aiming at >kW, higher rep. rates, higher average power levels and even more efficient

configurations;Fiber laser technology high WPE >50% in CW mode and coherent combination (pilot projects FSU Jena-Fraunhofer

IOF and E. Polyt.-Thales in France). Low energy per pulse >10 kHz or for future upgrades; see also XCAN project;

Direct Chirped Pulse Amplification with lasing media

pumped directly by diodes is ideal for higher efficiency and higher rep-rate;5-10 yrs for first efficient, multi-kW-scale driver demonstrator, provided a strategy is set soon to steer effort.

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

19

Slide20

EFFICIENCY PATH

TiSa technology is prompt

and will demonstrate repetitive operation 24/7 and stability, but not scalable with poor efficiency (% level) due to the indirect pumping architecture:

Direct

CPA

is the solution for wall-plug (WP) efficiency and high rep-rate.

C. Siders et al., EAAC 2017

From

flashlamp

to

indirect

to

direct

diode

pumping

Quantum

defect

WP

Efficiency

> 50%

possible

:

e.g.

Yb-doped

medium

We

need

a

gain medium

that

can

support

amplification

on a large

bandwidth

,

has

a

low

quantum

defect

and can be

pumped

directly

with

diode

lasers

:

endless

quest

for the

perfect

laser medium!!

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

20

Slide21

CERAMICSFaster and cheaper vs. single crystal growth process.Large components, -shaping, -graded doping also optimized for thermal management – features not available for single crystals. Several compositions (e.g. YAG,

LuAG , Sc2O3, Lu2O3

) and dopants (Nd, Yb

, Er

, Tm…) already available

Spectroscopic and thermomechanical properties similar to those of the corresponding single crystalsBetter uniformity of dopant distribution on large gain elements

Industrial and R&D effort:

Konoshima Chemicals (Japan);

research

in

China, Japan, Russia, USA,

France and

Italy

(ISTEC-CNR and INO-CNR).

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

21

Slide22

Pumping technology: diode (direct or indirect) pumping, efficient, low cost;Gain media: industrially available laser quality, scalable in size and supporting large bandwidth and efficient cooling, small quantum defect;Grating and optics technology with higher damage threshold for smaller beam size;Thermal load, management, dissipation;Vacuum technology;

Mechanical stabilization (active and passive);…

NEED OF A

FOCUSED STRATEGY INVOLVING LASER DEVELOPERS

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

DRIVER DEVELOPMENT vs. INDUSTRIAL R&D IN

:

22

Slide23

KEY PLAYERS ENGAGED

Available expertise covers all areas of intense lasers

and many more

After

a first

exploration

meeting (

Saclay

,

May

18°, 2016),

potential

contributors

worldwide

were

identified

and

invited

to

contribute

to the

Eupraxia

design.

Lawrence

Livermore

Natl. Lab

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

23

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SUMMARYLWFA accelerators requiring industrial-strength PW-kW laser system, beyond current state-of-the-art ;Industry delivering PW systems with moderate (<10 Hz) rep rate, ≈100 W, low efficiency (0.1 %);Prototypes entering kW regime with higher efficiency (≈% level) with diode pumping;Architectures with highWP efficiency (≈30%) and >10 kW already under development, aiming at >50% WP efficiency;Short term medical and industrial applications to boost developments and motivate industrial investments;Need of coherent development strategy focused on accelerator laser driver needs.Connection to

Industry and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi, ECFA Plenary Meeting – 14 Nov.2019

24

Slide25

CONTRIBUTORSCNRS – FranceFrançois MATHIEU, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique

Zeudi MAZZOTTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique

(Eupraxia contract)

Dimitrios PAPADOPOULOS, CNRS,

Ecole

PolytechniqueCatherine LE BLANC

, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique

Bruno LE GARREC, CNRS,

Ecole

Polytechnique

Audrey BELUZE,

CNRS,

Ecole

Polytechnique

Jean-Luc PAILLARD

, CNRS,

Ecole

Polytechnique

Christophe SIMON BOISSON

Sandrine RICAUD

Sebastien LAUX

CNR – Italy

Leonida

A. GIZZI,

Istituto

Nazionale

di

Ottica

-CNR, Pisa

Petra KOESTER

INO-CNR, (

EuPRAXIA

contract), Pisa

Luca LABATE,

INO-CNR, Pisa

Fernando BRANDI,

INO

-CNR, Pisa

Gian

Carlo BUSSOLINO,

INO-CNR, Pisa

Barbara PATRIZI,

INO-CNR, Firenze

Guido TOCI,

INO-CNR, Firenze

Matteo VANNINI,

INO-CNR, Firenze

Collaborators

Maria Pia ANANIA

Fabrizio

BISESTO

Dario GIOVE

M. BELLAVEGLIA

S. GALLO

INFN

LNF

Oliver KARGER

Alexander KNETSCH

Hamburg University

Franck FALCOZ

Amplitude Technologies

Thales Group

industries

laboratories

Rajeev

PATTATHIL

Klaus ERTEL

Marco GALIMBERTI

STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

Andy BAYRAMIAN

Constantin HAEFNER

Craig W. SIDERS

Tom SPINKA

K. CHESTNUT

E. ERLANDSON

T. GALVIN

K. SHAFFERS

E. SISTRUNK

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

shaded

major

contributors

/

collaborators

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

25

Slide26

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

EuPRAXIA

Partners

Associated Partners

(as of October 2016)

Connection to

Industry

and Applications- Leonida A. Gizzi,

ECFA

Plenary

Meeting

–

14 Nov.2019

26