7 Learning Objectives After completing this lesson you should be able to Explain the different backing techniques Demonstrate backing and parking manoeuvres with a tractortrailer S afely perform ID: 1021300
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1. Backing and CouplingLesson 7
2. Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you should be able to:Explain the different backing techniquesDemonstrate backing and parking manoeuvres with a tractor-trailerSafely perform tractor-trailer coupling and uncoupling tasks
3. Pre-Class AssignmentYou will have:Reviewed the textbook and course materials.Any questions about Lesson 6?
4. After completing this section, you should be able to:Describe the importance of following proper manoeuvring proceduresDescribe the importance of attentiveness and care when backingExplain the correct straight line backing proceduresExplain the correct offset backing to a left side and right side spot proceduresExplain the correct alley dock backing to the left side and the right side proceduresBacking Concepts
5. Backing ConceptsBacking is:A hazardous movementOnly done when absolutely necessary and with cautionThe driver’s full responsibilityWhen backing :Stop, get out and visually recheck areas behind, above, below, around (walk around)Check for clearance, obstacles, obstructions and hazardsClear any obstructions or hazards
6. Backing CheckBefore backing a tractor-trailer, it is important to ask yourself the following questions:
7. Backing ManoeuvresFour types of backing manoeuvres:Straight lineOffsetParallel Parking*Alley dock
8. Straight Line Backing
9. Straight Line Backing ProcedureCheck mirror set upOpen windows and turn off any audio devicesPosition vehicle, and shift into neutral, apply parking brake and activate hazard lightsWalk around vehicle, checking for clearance, hazards etc.Release parking brake, sound horn andre-check for obstacles using mirrorsShift into reverse, in the lowest gear possibleBegin backing at walking pace, covering the brake and repeatedly checking the mirrorsListen carefullyGently stop when you reach desired position
10. Steering Technique #1Steer in the:Opposite direction of where you want the trailer to goOther direction to maintain the arc of the tractor and trailerInside of the arc to straighten the tractorContinually adjust the tractor-to-trailer angle to continue in a straight line to the dockPull forward as often as necessary to either readjust the tractor-trailer angle, or to adjust the angle of the trailer to the dock
11. Steering Technique #2Place your hands on the bottom of the steering wheelMove your hand in the same direction you want the trailer to goThe truck must follow an S-shape to bring the trailer around smoothly
12. Offset Backing
13. Offset Backing Procedure Drive forward 1.5 vehicle lengths, shift into neutral, apply the parking park, and turn on the hazard lightsWalk around vehicle, checking for clearance, hazards etc.Release the parking brake and sound the horn Use your mirrors to re-check for obstaclesShift into reverse, in the lowest gear possible Reverse at idle speed, and begin steering:Left side offset: steer rightRight side offset: steer left At the correct point, steer in the opposite directionSteer as required to straighten the truck and trailer
14. Alley Dock Backing
15. Alley Dock Backing ProcedurePosition vehicleSecure vehicle and activate hazardsWalk around vehicleRelease parking brake and sound horn. Check your mirrors for obstaclesShift into reverse, in lowest gear possibleReverse at walking pace, and begin steeringSteer in opposite direction to align trailerGently stop when you reach desired position
16. Alley Dock Backing – Right SideDifficult to see where you are goingUses the right side mirror including convex mirrorRequires you to stop often and get out to check positionThis type of backing is the most difficult and potentially the most dangerous. Avoid if possible!
17. Exercise 1: Manoeuvre BasicsTime: 15 minutesComplete Exercises 1
18. After completing this section, you should be able to:Describe the factors that influence successful coupling and uncoupling of a tractor-trailerExplain the procedure for coupling and uncoupling a tractor-trailerCoupling and Uncoupling
19. Coupling and Uncoupling Importance of weight transference:Weight of trailer is transferred to tractor when coupled through fifth wheelTrailers may have sliding tandem axles to assist in transferring weight to achieve even distribution of weight
20. Coupling and Uncoupling 5th Wheel position and its importance:May be stationary or adjustableSliding the fifth wheel will change weight distributionMoved forward - more of the load is shifted to the steering axleMoved backwards - weight shifts to the drive axlesToo much weight shifted forward – loss of traction on rear axles
21. Coupling a Tractor-Trailer Inspect spaceSecure the vehicle Inspect the truckInspect the trailerAlign truck and trailer Engage the fifth wheelConduct a tug test Confirm the fifth wheel is lockedConnect air and electrical linesRaise landing gearTest the connectionsTest brakes
22. Uncoupling a Tractor-TrailerInspect the locationPark the tractor-trailer in a straight lineApply the spring parking brakes on the tractor and trailerAdjust the suspensionLower the landing gearDisconnect electrical connections and air linesRelease the fifth wheel coupler lockDisengage the fifth wheelCheck that the landing gear are stable and secureSlowly drive forward until the tractor is clear of the trailer
23. Review Prior to backing, the driver should walk around the vehicle and check for what?Answer: Obstacles, Hazards and Clearance
24. ReviewWhat are the 3 types of backing manoeuvers you may encounter?Answer: Offset, Alley Dock and Straight
25. ReviewWhen uncoupling a tractor-trailer, how should the trailer be parked?Answer: In a straight line
26. Exercise 2: Coupling and UncouplingTime: 15 minutesComplete Exercises 2
27. SummaryYou should now be able to:Explain the different backing techniquesDemonstrate backing and parking manoeuvres with a tractor-trailerSafely perform tractor-trailer coupling and uncoupling tasks
28. Practical In-Yard TrainingIn-Yard Observations:You will observe the instructor demonstrate:Three backing techniquesCoupling/uncoupling manoeuvrePractice:You will practice:Three backing techniquesCoupling/uncoupling manoeuvre
29. Practical In-Yard AssessmentIn-Yard Observations:You will observe the instructor demonstrate:Three backing techniquesCoupling/uncoupling manoeuvreAssessment:You will perform and be assessed on:Three backing techniquesCouple/uncoupling manoeuvres.