Biogeographic Patterns of Coccolithophore Morphological Disparity The University of Chicago Department of the Geophysical Sciences Factors that could influence morphological disparity If regional ID: 1025876
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1. Marites Villarosa GarciaBiogeographic Patterns ofCoccolithophoreMorphological DisparityThe University of ChicagoDepartment of the Geophysical Sciences
2. Factors that could influence morphological disparityIf regional disparity is tied to a regions’High DisparityCould Mean Low Disparity Could MeanPredictions of Biome(s) w/ High DisparityArea/ Latitudinal LengthWide range of latitudes representedLimited range of latitudes Gyres or long coastal currentsEcological DiversityMany ecological nichesLimited niches; high convergenceTropical biomes;Vertically stratified biomesEvolutionary HistoryRecent speciation; accumulation of taxa; in transition periodStrong selective of frequent extinction; taxonomic incumbencyBiomes in flux-or- cradle biomes (Tropical, gyre)
3. The pelagic realm is spatially heterogeneousSigman, D. M. & Hain, M. P. (2012) The Biological Productivity of the Ocean. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):21 Nitrate (μmol) Chlorophyll a (mg/m3)January, February, March
4. Phytoplankton can be morphologically complexYoung, J. R., Bown P. R., Lees J. A. (eds). Nannotax3 website. International Nannoplankton Association. 10 Oct 2014.http://ina.tmsoc.org/Nannotax3Scale bars: 1-10 μ
5. Does morphological disparity vary across different pelagic provinces and pelagic biomes?Do different biomes represent different areas of morphospace?Study Questions
6. Quantifying Shape68 binary characters, 106 species SEMs from literature and Nannotax3 Two Main Structural Areas:MarginCentral Area (CA)Young, J. R., Bown P. R., Lees J. A. (eds). Nannotax3 website. International Nannoplankton Association. 10 Oct 2014.http://ina.tmsoc.org/Nannotax3
7. Quantifying ShapeTwo views:ProximalDistalSome traits are different depending on orientationsymmetrical outlinePV: ellipticalDV: asymmetricYoung, J. R., Bown P. R., Lees J. A. (eds). Nannotax3 website. International Nannoplankton Association. 10 Oct 2014.http://ina.tmsoc.org/Nannotax3
8. Biogeographic ProvincesProvince: North Pacific CurrentAreas defined by spatially and temporally stable oceanographic conditions which host a distinct assemblage of species.Spalding et al. (2012). Ocean & Coastal Management 60:19-3034 provinces in study
9. Ocean BasinOcean Basin: PacificArea of ocean delimited by continents Spalding et al. (2012). Ocean & Coastal Management 60:19-30
10. Pelagic BiomesBiome: Eastern Boundary CurrentsGroups of provinces with similar oceanographic regimes Spalding et al. (2012). Ocean & Coastal Management 60:19-30
11. Most provinces have very similar average provincial disparityATLMED+INDPAC
12. Regional richness is a poor predictor of regional disparityWestern Boundary Current EpeiricSemi-enclosed seaEastern Boundary CurrentGyreTransitionalEquatorial BiomeAvg DisparityAvg no. sp./provWBC0.17374EBC0.16689Equatorial0.166174Gyre0.165325Epieric/ Shallow0.15935Semi-enclosed0.158162Polar0.0492
13. First morphospace encompassing all extant ordersEigenvaluesPCO1: 0.66 PCO2: 0.34PCO3: 0.23PCO4: 0.21PCO5: 0.17PCO6: 0.15PCO7: 0.14PCO8: 0.10 The coccolith-o-space
14. Huge Central Area The coccolith-o-spacePCO1: 0.66Small Central area or neither small nor largePCO2:0.34trait loading: -0.60trait loading: -0.35
15. Protruding structure in the central areano protruding structure in central area The coccolith-o-spacehttp://ina.tmsoc.org/terminology/6centralareas.htmPCO1: 0.66PCO2:0.34trait loading: 0.15trait loading: -0.46
16. BiomeWestern Boundary CurrentEastern Boundary CurrentGyrePCO1: 0.66PCO2:0.337 Biomes overlap in coccolith-o-space
17. Provinces within Western boundary current biomeSomali CurrentAlguhas CurrentKuroshio CurrentMalvinas CurrentGulf StreamPCO1: 0.66PCO2:0.34Individualprovincesoccupysomewhatdifferent areas
18. Provinces within Western boundary current biomeSomali CurrentAlguhas CurrentKuroshio CurrentMalvinas CurrentGulf StreamPCO1: 0.66PCO2:0.34BUT, this isdue to a few unusual taxaU. tenuisA. quadrilateraS. laminaP. flabelliferaH. perplexusS. tumularisA. cidarisP. vandeliiD. tubiferaA. meteora
19. PCO7: 0.14PCO2:0.10Even on different PCO axesProvinces within Western boundary current biomeSomali CurrentAlguhas CurrentKuroshio CurrentMalvinas CurrentGulf Stream
20. So…Does morphological disparity vary across different pelagic provinces and pelagic biomes?Not really, most provinces ~0.16Do different biome assemblages represent a different areas of morphospace?Not really, there is a lot of overlapThere is minimal variation in morphological disparity and morphospace occupation across biomes and provinces in the modern, which suggests that major changes in either over time are likely tied to profound biological or environmental changes
21. Michael FooteKevin BoyceMaureen ColemanDave JablonskiSusan KidwellJeremy Young and all Nannotax3 contributorsMichael LaBarberaMarie-Pierre AubryKathleen RitterbushMark WebsterAndy MichaelsonAcknowledgments The Micropalaeontological Society University of Chicago Graduate Student AffairsCommittee on Evolutionary Biology Hinds FundJonathan MitchellStewart EdieDavid BapstNadia PierrehumbertPeter SmitsMarie HoernerAnd all my other fellow graduate students at the University of Chicago
22. What else can we look at?We can partition biomes by depth.Upper/lower photic zone Depth of thermoclineDimiza, Triantaphyllou & Dermitzakis, 2008. Hellenic Journal of Geosciences, 43: 7-20
23. Environmental ExchangeSinking BehaviorBiotic InteractionsCoccosphere Architecture What else can we look at?Protruding structure in the central areaWe can partition biomes by depthWe can test biological hypotheses for where trait occurrence out to be higherProtruding structure increases drag Expect high occurrence in highly stratified water column