Tiro tirones Signaculum Vicarius vicarii Source of the day Polybius Polybios Title Histories Topic to explain the rise of Rome as a world power from 220167 BCE to startled Greeks ID: 759942
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Slide1
Recruitment:
Dilectus
Probatio
Tiro
/
tirones
Signaculum
Vicarius
/
vicarii
Slide2Source of the day: Polybius/
Polybios
Title:
Histories
Topic:
to explain
the rise of Rome as a world power from 220-167 BCE to startled Greeks
Date: c. 200-c.118 BCE
Language:
Greek
Who is he? One of 1,000 Greeks shipped to Rome
after being seen as insufficiently loyal to Rome after Roman victory at Pydna over the Macedonians in 168 BCE
Friends: Scipio Africanus the Younger, the man who finally crushed Carthage. Through him has connections to other Roman elites.
What survives: Books 1-5 of 40 books; abridgements of, excerpts from, and references to the others
Slide3The city of Rome and the
levy: is what Polybius says (page 123 Sage) possible?
Slide4Slide5Plunder:
w
hich
source is accurate?
…whenever half the army sets out to pillage, the remainder remain in formation, protecting those involved in the plundering. In this way the Roman force is protected against individual rapacity and no one abandons his position…
Polybius (Reading
136
Sage)
on the sacking of New Carthage
Vs.
They
entered the temple of Apollo, whose statue was there, covered with gold, in a shrine of beaten gold, weighing 1,000 talents, which they plundered, chopping it with their swords, disregarding the commands of their officers until they had divided it among themselves, after which they returned to their duty
.
Appian on the sacking of Carthage in
146
Slide6Roman coinage:
As –
bronze coin
Sestertius
(= 4 asses) – silver or
bronze coin
Denarius (= 16 asses/4
sestertius
/
2 Greek drachma)
– silver coin
Aureus
(= 400 asses/100
sestertii
/25 denarii)
– gold coin
Slide7Pay for legionary soldiers by emperor
Augustus 900
sestertii
Domitian 1,200
sestertii
(84 CE)
Septimius Severus 2,400
sestertii
(197 CE)
Caracalla 3,600
sestertii
(212 CE)
Maximinus
Thrax
7,200
sestertii
(235 CE)
Slide8Centurions’ pay:
Aug. Dom. Severus Caracalla
Centurion leg 13,500 18,000 36,000 54,000
(cohorts II-X = 15 times regular pay)
Primus
ordinis
27,000 36,000 72,000 108,000
(cohort I = 30 times regular pay)
Primus
pilus
54,000 72,000 144,000 216,000
(senior centurion of legion)
Praetorians (1
st
century CE)
Regular 3,000
sestertii
Evocatus
Augusti
9,000
sestertii
Slide9Auxiliary pay (in
sestertii
)
Aug. Domitian Severus Caracalla
Regular soldier
750
1,000 2,000 3,000
Cavalry
900
1,200 2,400 3,600
Centurion 3,750 5,000 10,000 30,000
(A great deal of this is conjecture; the numbers in bold are known figures)
Slide10Praemia
militiae
Augustus: 3,000 denarii
Septimius
Severus 8250 denarii
(212 CE)
Donatives (examples)
Tiberius
Revolts in Germany soldiers 150 denarii
and Pannonia
Sejanus’ downfall Praetorians 1,000 denarii
Syrian legions ?
Will Praetorians 250 denarii