Journal 16 A Stigma is a mark of disgrace that sets a person apart Negative attitudes create prejudice which then leads to negative actions and discrimination What are some stigmas surrounding eating disorders ID: 914476
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Slide1
UNIT 3 – lesson 7
Eating Disorders
Slide2Slide3Journal #16
A
Stigma
is a mark of
disgrace
that sets a person
apart. Negative
attitudes create prejudice
which then
leads to negative actions and
discrimination. What are some stigmas surrounding eating disorders?
Slide4Stigmas surrounding eating disorders
Common Stigmas:
Eating disorders only affect women
Those with an eating disorder are seeking attention
It is a choice
Those most affected are white
upper-middle class teenage girls
Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness
Did you know?
Slide5Learning objectives
Definition of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating
Causes of eating disorders
Common complications
Warning signs
Treatment and outcomes
Did you know?
Eating disorders are categorized as mental illnesses
Slide6What are eating disorders?
When a person experiences severe disturbances in eating behavior, such as:
extreme reduction of food intake or overeating
feelings of intense distress or concern about body weight or shape
People with eating disorders are usually SECRETIVE about their eating, purging or lack of eating
Three main kinds of eating disorder
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa Binge Eating
Did you know?
Approximately 24 million people in the U.S. struggle with an eating disorder
Slide7Anorexia nervosa
Four diagnostic criteria
Refusal to maintain weight within a normal range for height and age
Intense fear of weight gain despite being underweight
Severe body image disturbance – body image is the predominant measure of self-worth
Absence of menstrual cycle for greater than 3 cycles
Did you know?
10% of people with eating disorders receive treatment
Slide8Anorexia - subtypes
Restricting and binge eating/purging
Restricting subtype restrict food intake to lose weight
Binge/purge subtype engage in binge eating or purging (i.e. vomiting, laxatives)
Either type may also include compulsive exercise to reduce their weight
*** Someone with anorexia may induce vomiting and still be considered anorexic if they are 15% below ideal body weight
Slide9Bulimia nervosa
Four diagnostic criteria:
Recurrent episodes of binge eating accompanied by a feeling of a lack of control
Repeated behaviors to make up for eating normal or increased amounts of food to prevent weight gain (vomiting, laxatives, fasting, excessive exercise)
The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors occur at least twice a week for three months
Dissatisfaction with body shape and weight
Slide10Bulimia - subtypes
Purging and non-purging
Purging – person regularly engages in self-induced vomiting or misuses laxatives/diuretics
Non-purging – person uses other strategies such as excessive exercise or fasting
Did you know?
Men make up
10 to 15%
of the population with anorexia and bulimia, but are the least likely to seek help due to the gender stereotypes
Slide11Binge eating
Loss of
control over
eating habits.
Unlike
bulimia nervosa, periods of binge eating are not followed by compensatory behaviors like
- purging, excessive exercise, or fasting. As a result,
those affected are often overweight or obese. At a higher risk for developing cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure.
Slide12What causes eating disorders?
It is unclear why eating disorder occur, but it is likely related to an interaction of factors –
Psychological, biological, family, environmental
Our culture projects unrealistic images of “ideal” bodies in magazines, on TV
47
% of girls in 5th-12th grade reported wanting to lose weight because of magazine
pictures.69
% of girls in 5th-12th grade reported that magazine pictures influenced their idea of a perfect body shape.
Did you know?
The “ideal” body weight portrayed in media is naturally possessed by 5% of American females
Slide13Factors associated with development of an eating disorder
Dieting history
Sports which emphasize leanness or involve subjective scoring (ballet, gymnastics)
Psychiatric problems
Family stress
Neurotransmitter imbalance
95% of those who have eating disorders are between the ages of 12 and 25.8
Did you know?
Slide14Predisposing factors
A
ny
condition that enhances the specific cause of a disease, such as susceptibility caused by hereditary or life-style
factors:
F
emale sexFamily history of eating disordersPerfectionism (type A)
Low self-esteemFeelings of a lack of control in lifeDepression, anxiety, anger, lonelinessTroubled personal relationshipsHistory of being teased or ridiculed based on size/weightHistory of physical or sexual abuse
Almost 50% of people with eating disorders meet the criteria for depression
Did you know?
Slide15Complications of eating disorders
Slowed growth
Growth of fine hair all over body
Dental erosion
Inflammation of possible rupture of esophagus
Infertility
Low body temperature Heart problems ( slow HR, low BP, heart beat irregularities)
Did you know?
20% of people suffering from anorexia will prematurely die from complications related to their eating disorder, including suicide and heart problems
Slide16Warning signs
Unnatural concern about body weight
Dramatic weight loss
Obsession with calories, fat, and food
Constant excuses to avoid mealtimes
Withdrawal from usual friends and activities
Discoloration or staining of the teeth
Slide17Treating eating disorders
An interdisciplinary team should treat eating disorders
Physicians – diagnose and monitor
Dieticians – educate patients
Mental health professionals – provide counseling