CONSTRUCTION Department of Construction Management and Engineering North Dakota State University NATURE SA 20172018 2 Outline Introduction Activity I Building your home Activity II ID: 689845
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INSULATE AND WATERPROOF CONSTRUCTIONDepartment of Construction Management and EngineeringNorth Dakota State University
NATURE SA 2017-2018Slide2
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OutlineIntroductionActivity I: Building your home
Activity
II
: R
adiation test
Activity
II
:
R
ainstorm test
Activity
IV
:
Re-radiation test
DiscussionSlide3
3
Introduction: QuestionHow much utilities have been paid for your home?
Where the utility money goes for?
Water
Drinking, cooking, and washing, etc.
Energy
For a comfortable indoor condition through an HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning) system.
Plug, cooking, etc.Slide4
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Introduction: Energy End Use in HomeResidential site energy consumption by end
use in North Dakota
HVAC: 76%!Slide5
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Introduction: ND Building Facts in the Nation1st ranking: Energy expenditure per capita (>$11,000)Energy consumption per capita in residential buildings (>105 MM BTU, ~1,000 gallon #87 gas
)
2nd ranking:
Energy
consumption per capita in
commercial
buildings
(>111
MM
BTU, ~
1,000 gallon #
87 gas
)
3rd
ranking:
The least third number of
LEED-certified
buildings
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)
is
a rating system devised by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) to evaluate the environmental performance of a building and encourage market transformation towards sustainable design
.Slide6
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Introduction: ND Building Facts in the NationIt is important to insulate and waterproof your home for a comfortable indoor condition, the efficient energy, and low utility cost!Slide7
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Introduction: Background InformationDefine an ideal or comfortable indoor condition Dry-bulb temperature (e.g., 72 ⁰F)Relative Humidity (
e.g.,
50-60%)
More building energy consumed by an HVAC system if a bigger difference between:
t
he actual and ideal temperature
t
he actual
and ideal
humidity ratio
Measure energy:
BTU (British thermal unit): energy
needed to raise one ⁰F for one pound of
water
MM BTU: 10
6
BTU, energy of about 9 gallon #87 gas.Slide8
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Activity I: Building Your HomeObjective: build a sample home (2’-4’’ x 2’-4’’ x 2’-4’’) using the materials and tools provided
Functions of Wall Layers
:
Siding:The first (the most outer) barrier to protect
your home from outside elements like rain, snow, hail or
ice;
Beauty of
home.
House wrap
:
A
water-resistive barrier (WRB
);
The
primary function: resisting the
infiltration
of water into a building assembly. Slide9
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Activity I: Building Your HomeOriented strand board (OSB) board:Also known as flakeboard;
Load-bearing applications in construction;
Commonly used as sheathing in walls, flooring, and roof decking.
Furring strip:
Thin
strips of
wood (typically
measuring 1" x 2" or 1" x 3
“)
or other
material;
T
o level/resurface
ceilings or
walls, or
T
o
make space for insulation,
or
To level/raise
surfaces of another material to prevent
dampness.
Insulation layer
:
To
reduce heat transfer
by forming the thermal envelop
of a
building;
In the form (batts
, blankets, loose-fill, spray foam, and
panels);
Common materials: fiberglass, spray foam, cotton, etc.Slide10
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Activity I: Building Your HomeWall types:Wall type 1Slide11
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Activity I: Building Your HomeWall type 2Slide12
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Activity I: Building Your HomeWall type 3Slide13
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Activity I: Building Your HomeLego-kit building materials:Siding; OSB sheathing; House wrap; Wood stud (furring strip); Different types of insulation (fiberglass batt and foam); Tape; Nuts.
Tools:
Sealant; Sealant gun; Ruler; Hammer; Screw driver; Nails; Gloves; Mask.Slide14
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Activity I: Building Your HomeProcedures:Show students the student reference sheets and design guide. Divide
the class into up to four teams (4-6 students per team).
Explain
that they need to develop a building envelop system that can maintain the original indoor air conditions as possible after the tests such radiation and poured water.
Introduce different
designs strategies and materials used in the walls and roof
for
a better building performance,
E.g
,
a flat roof is not a good choice for an area that received a great deal of snow as the weight of snow is more likely to collapse the roof structure
.
A hole should be placed on the roof
for later measurements.
Teams develop and implement a design. Slide15
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Activity II: Radiation TestObjectives: Observe the change of air temperature and humidity inside and outside the sample;
Draw the profiles of the
two variables over time;
Understand
the
phenomena
Procedures:
A
radiation source is simulated by a heater placed
in
the sample house;
Psychrometric
readings (dry bulb temperature and relative humidity) inside and outside the house are continually measured during
the
test scenario.
At the same time, students will manually record the
psychrometic
readings for comparison.Slide16
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Activity II: Radiation TestTest tool: HeaterData logger,Computer
Temperature and humidity sensorSlide17
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Activity II: Radiation TestDraw Profiles: Draw two profiles from STATE 1 (before the activity II test) to STATE 2 (after the activity II test) using excel.
One
profile is time vs.
humidity; the other time vs. temperature
.
Relative Humidity
Temperature
TimeSlide18
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Activity II: Radiation TestQuestions: How do relative humidity change? Bulk or vapor water stored
inside the
sample?
How does the temperature change (i.e., the heat transfer to the indoor air
)?
Why
?Slide19
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Activity III: Rainstorm TestObjectives: Observe the change of air temperature and humidity inside and outside the sample
home;
Draw
the profiles of the
two
variables over time;
Identify
how
the moisture and heat transfer will be affected by the bulk
water
poured on the siding (water leakage or water cooling)?
Understand
the
phenomena
Procedures:
A
rainstorm is simulated by water sprinkled from a set of water sprinklers placed nearby the sample
house.
Psychrometric
readings
inside
and outside the house are continually measured during the test scenario.
At the same time, students will manually record the
psychrometic
readings for comparison.Slide20
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Activity III: Rainstorm TestTest tool: A set of water sprinklersData logger,Computer
Temperature and humidity sensorSlide21
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Activity III: Rainstorm TestDraw Profiles: Draw
two profiles from STATE 3 (before the activity III test) to STATE 4 (after the activity III test) using excel.
One profile is time vs. humidity; the other time vs. temperature
.
Relative Humidity
Temperature
TimeSlide22
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Activity III: Rainstorm TestQuestions: How do relative humidity change
(i.e., bulk water stored in the sample and vapor water inside the sample)?
How
does the temperature change (i.e., the heat transfer to the indoor air)?
Why
?Slide23
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Activity IV: Re-radiation TestObjectives: Observe the change of air temperature and humidity inside the sample home after the home stores water leakage from activity III;
Draw the profiles of the
two variables over time;
C
ompare
the phenomena with the phenomena from the original test activity II.
Procedures:
A
radiation source is
re-simulated
by a heater placed
in
the sample house;
Psychrometric
readings inside and outside the house are continually measured during the test scenario.
At the same time, students will manually record the
psychrometic
readings for comparison.Slide24
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Activity IV: Re-radiation TestTest tool: HeaterData logger,Computer
Temperature and humidity sensorSlide25
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Activity IV: Re-radiation TestDraw Profiles: Draw two profiles from STATE 5 (before the activity IV test) to STATE 6 (after the activity IV test) using excel.
One
profile is time vs.
humidity; the other time vs. temperature
.
Relative Humidity
Temperature
TimeSlide26
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Activity IV: Re-radiation TestQuestions: How do relative humidity
change (i.e., bulk water stored in the
sample?)
How does the temperature change (i.e., the heat transfer to the indoor air
)?
What is the profile difference between this activity and the original test activity II?
Why
?Slide27
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Sample testThis test was conducted at the outside of Engineering Building Door during 11:00am 11:30am August 27 (Sunday), 2017.The heat was during the 0-7 minuets, and the rainstorm during 7-12 minutesEach case has individual profile, there is no standard graph.Need explain the
psychrometric
chart change over time under different test scenarios.
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Sample testSlide29
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DiscussionQuestions: Any moisture transfer for the radiation test?How do bulk water stored in home affect the humidity ratio and the temperature inside house for the rainstorm test?
Temperature change for the radiation test is slower or faster than that for the re-radiation test? Why?
What are the adverse effects for a house with a too-humid/wet envelop?Slide30
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Acknowledgements ND EPSCoR Prof. Chad UlvenSarah HallsCorey MorinSlide31
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Thank you!