How to conduct a literature search Types of data Summary statistics Experimental design How to present data Presenting your research Todays Agenda Introduction How to conduct a literature search ID: 709102
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Slide1
CommunicatingResearchSlide2
IntroductionsHow to conduct a literature search
Types of data
Summary statisticsExperimental designHow to present dataPresenting your research
Today’s Agenda Slide3
IntroductionSlide4
How to conduct a literature search Slide5
Types of data
Quantitative
vs. QualitativeQuantitative – numbers.Qualitative – descriptive data.Slide6
Types of data
https://kenandeen.files.wordpress.comSlide7
Central tendency
Blendspace.comSlide8
Spread
Southalabama.eduSlide9
SpreadSlide10
Aim
Ideas
What will you ask?Hypotheses
Approach
How can you answer the question?
Methods
Repeatable?
Experiment
Variables
Control
Record, record, record!
Developing a questionSlide11
Experimental design
Hypotheses
Null or H0The variable does not have a measurable difference
compared to the control
Alternative or H
A
or H
1
The variable does have a
measurable difference
in the results when compared to the controlSlide12
Experimental design
Methods
Write them out in orderCan you achieve it with your resources?Are the instructions clear? Can another person follow the written instructions?
What will you record for data to analyze?
Factors
Control, compare to variable
Design to limit non-targeted variations
Equipment and objects neededSlide13
Experimental design
Answering the Question
MethodsPLAN, PLAN, PLANSet upExperiment
Data collection
Analysis
Record everything!Slide14
How to present data
Graphs/Tables/Charts
Bar Graphs – Data is in distinct categories each represented by a bar.Histograms
– Each bar represents a range of data rather than a distinct category. Shows how a continuous data set is distributed.Slide15
Bar Graph vs. Histogram
Mathisfun.comSlide16
How to present data
Scatter Plots
– Used to show the relationship between a data set with two variables.Slide17
Scatter plot
Amathsdictionaryforkids.comSlide18
How to present data
Graphs/Tables/Charts
Line Graphs – Used to show how a dependent variable (what you are measuring or what variable is affected in your experiment, the y-axis) changes in response to an independent variable (variables you can change as a scientist, can use as an “input,” and aren’t changed by the variables you are trying to measure).Slide19
Line graph
http://4.bp.blogspot.comSlide20
How to present data
Pie Charts / Circle Graphs
– Only used when your data is divided into separate categories which together represent a whole unit / 100%.Slide21
Pie chart
http://www.cell.com/action/showImagesData?pii=S0960-9822%2815%2900927-6
Micheal Engel, Current Biology, Volume 25, Issue 19, pR868–R872, 5 October 2015Insect DiversitySlide22
How to present data
Describe your graph.
Title your graph clearly.Clearly label the x and y axes, including appropriate units.Include a key if needed.Slide23
How to present data
Describe your data.
What patterns do you see?Summarize your results.Slide24
How to present data
Interpret your data.
Perform summary statistics and any appropriate tests to show statistical significance .Do the patterns and results of your data somehow relate to other things you know?Slide25
Col
o
rsAvoid using red and yellow
fontSlide26
Fig 1. Follower-friend ratio by political orientation.
Sylwester K, Purver M (2015) Twitter Language Use Reflects Psychological Differences between Democrats and Republicans. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0137422. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137422
http://127.0.0.1:8081/plosone/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0137422Slide27
Font
Large enough to read from the back of the room
Large enough to read from the back of the roomLarge enough to read from the back of the roomSlide28
Background
Keep it simple
Keep it simpleSlide29
Animations
Use animations for emphasis onlySlide30
For Example...Fragaria
There is morphological diversity in the genus
FragariaUse Appropriate Images to Communicate Information Slide31
Morphological diversity of Fragaria (strawberries).
Aaron Liston et al. Am. J. Bot. 2014;101:1686-1699
www.amjbot.orgSlide32
Different species of orchids exhibited varying growth rates. The native species seemed to grow better under controlled fixed temperatures indoors while two of the non-natives appeared to do well outdoors under a variety of temperatures and moisture levels. While those that grew the most slowly proved to be less hardy than those which grew most quickly, it seemed that the native species would ultimately prove hardier upon reintroduction to native habitats.
Native and introduced orchid growth rates and hardiness
THIS IS A BAD SLIDE - WHY?Slide33
Talk nerdy
http://www.ted.com/talks/melissa_marshall_talk_nerdy_to_me#t-16393Slide34
Science Writing
Magazine-style articles
National Geographic, Popular ScienceGeneral populationScientific journal articles
Science, Nature
Peer-reviewed journal articles
Target scientists in different fields
Keep your audience in mindSlide35
Writing an Article
Science journal
TitleAbstractIntroduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Works Cited
Science magazine
Title
Introduction
Methods in brief
Results
Significance
Works Cited
vs.
very detailed
thorough, yet exact explanations
technical language
brief, but completely tells story
presents question and answer
colloquial languageSlide36
Approach to writing an article
Method
sResultsIntroduction Discussion/Significance
W
orks cited
Abstract and Title
Feedback and revising!Slide37
Telling your story
Organization is key.Slide38
Telling your story
Set up your narrative –
Intentions? Who is your audience? Background information?Slide39
Telling your story
Show them the science – clear and concise
Clearly-labeled graphical representations of your data.Slide40
Telling your story
Results
ConclusionsSignificance