Regional training workshop on NAPs for LAC Countries 4 to 7 September 2017 San Jose Costa Rica A1 Launching the NAP Process Interest of the NAP Process as a framework for adaptation options and strategies ID: 632178
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Slide1
Haiti Open NAP: a study case
Regional training workshop on NAPs for LAC
Countries
4 to 7 September 2017
San Jose, Costa RicaSlide2
A.1 Launching the NAP Process
Interest of the NAP Process as a framework for adaptation options and strategies
Ministry
of Environment and Ministry of
Planning, with UNDP support
Create a national vision, and a Mandate : NAP has to be a development planning tool
Support
accessed
:
Funding with GCF
and
UNDP
Human Resources:
MDE,
MPCE
Technical
resources:
UNDP (Global Support)
Define the strategy and a roadmap: ongoing. Slide3
A.2 Stocktaking: existing institutions
Ministry of Environment (MDE), focal point for the CCNUCC and in charge of environment/climate institutions
Limited human and financial resources
Ministry of Planning and External Cooperation (MPCE)
National System for Risks and Disasters Management
Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF)
Haitian Institute of Statistics and Information (IHSI)
The
Inter Ministerial Committee for Regional Planning
{CIAT
/ (
interministerial
institutional
mechanism
)}Slide4
A.2 Stocktaking: existing documents
NAPA (2006): not enough to address many climate related risks and vulnerabilities, such as ecosystem degradation and demographic issues
The Climate Change National Policy (2016)
NDC (2015)
National Communications (2001,
2013)
Strategic development Plan of Haïti
(PSDH) (2012): reference document for Haitian development
National progress report on the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (2011-2013)
PNGRD (2001) being updated taking into account Adaptation to Climate change
Draft du the National territorial development scheme (finalized 2017)
National Housing and Habitat Plan (Plan National
de
logement
et de
l’Habitat
) - PNLH
,
2012
PAN-LCD against desertificationSlide5
A.2 Climate Change impacts
Observed
Increase in period of droughts
Changes in water regimes
Losses of human lives
Reduction in available freshwater
Increased erosionSlide6
A.2 Climate Change impacts
Expected:
Increase in Temperatures (+0.8-1˚C by 2030, +1.5-1.7 ˚C by 2060)
Decrease in annual rainfalls (from -6% to -20% by 2030)
Change in water regimes, hydrology
Sea Level Rise
Decrease in Ecosystem Services and changes in biodiversity
Potential progress in wood production, and increase in heatwaves and wild fires on forests
Estimated costs without preventive measures by 2025 : 1.8 billion USD (with: 77 million USD)Slide7
A.2 Vulnerabilities
Exposure:
On the trajectory of tropical hurricanes. From all Caribbean countries, Haiti is the one suffering form the biggest number of disasters/km²
Sensitivity:
Weak economic resilience capacity, whose vulnerability to climate change impacts is increasing.
50% of the national budget is dependent on foreign aid
A hurricane could cause up to 10% loss of GDP (MDE/MEF (
Carbonium
) 2015)
2008: hurricanes and tropical storms: 15% GDP
Structural poverty: 59% of Haitian live below the poverty lineSlide8
A.2 Vulnerabilities
Sensitivity :
Agriculture is the first provider of jobs, and one quarter of GDP (17% secondary sector, 55% tertiary in 2015).
60% of food needed food is imported.
Half of the population live in rural areas, whose 85% of this population is farming;
Weak ecosystems
Weak health systems
High demographic growth
Construction in vulnerable zones and migration
West, North-West, South,
Nippes
, Centre and South East most vulnerable departments
Weak adaptive capacity: little funding for adaptation (MDE/MEF (
Carbonium
) 2015), regardless of the substantial development aid providedSlide9
A.2 Expected impacts per sector
Biodiversity
: wetlands may not be able to cope with sea level rise, likewise with coastal lagoons, floodplains.
Agriculture
: loss of land, loss of production (salinization, floods, more invasive plants, modified ecology of weedy plants, pests, increasing need of water of maize, loss of cattle) , lower productivity (Temperature increase)
Infrastructure
: Destruction of tourism infrastructures, roads, electricity and water networks, loss of values of flooded zones, energy and water networks (indirect loss)
Basic social services : education,
water access and sanitation, electricity
Productive system/Economy:
Habitat,
etcSlide10
Case study on an extreme event: Hurricane Matthew
4
th
of October 2016: f
loods (more than 600mm in less than 24h); storm waves; temporary Sea Level Rise: 1 to 3 m
Immediate response: international and regional aid
Need for institutional framework, participatory approach with all stakeholders, focus on economic revitalization and social services reestablishment
Global costs: 2.778 billion USD, whose ¾ are burdened by the affected population (private costs)
Entire sectors of the economy to rebuild, for example irrigation systems, production and agro-transformation units for 428 000 farmers.
But on the long term, adaptation needs: increase resilience of those sectors and the public policiesSlide11
A.2 Planned adaptation options (NDC, PANA etc.)
A lot of adaptation options and strategies are not implemented yet
Priorities
Integrated water resources and watershed management
Integrated management of coastal zones and infrastructure rehabilitation
Enhancement and Preservation of food security
Information, Education and Awareness-Raising
Many Commitments (NDC 2015)
Funding, three approved LCDF projects
Strengthening resilience in Agriculture to improve food security in Haiti post-earthquake
Increasing resilience of ecosystems and vulnerable communities to CC and anthropic threats through a ridge to reef approach to BD conservation and watershed management
Resilient Productive Landscapes in HaitiSlide12
A.2 Existing adaptation measures (examples)
Within the PANA, measures regarding water resource protection, coastal zones management, food security enhancement
Ex: Completed LCDF project (UNDP implementing agency):
Strengthening Adaptive Capacities to Address Climate Change Threats on Sustainable Development Strategies for Coastal Communities in Haiti (2013)
21 management committees supported, and 8 new for watershed, which support reforestation, awareness raising, etc.
More than 267 000 mangrove trees planted
Awareness raising on climate change and other environmental stakes radio emissions, door to door (12000 visits/month), community participation
Training of 23 members in the project
50 trained agents for vulgarization on resilient agricultureSlide13
A.2 Existing adaptation measures (examples)
Other initiatives form the civil society AYITIKA initiatives in partnership with the Ministry of Agriculture promoting cacao production in agro-forestry systems in the South, raising awareness and sharing knowledge on climate-related issues and on research development.
AP3C Project, financed by
EuropAid
: climate-smart agriculture
FAO project :
Strengthening Climate Resilience and Reducing Disaster Risk in Agriculture to Improve Food Security in Haiti post-Earthquake (LCDF): 2013-17 (completed )Slide14
A.3 Identified Gaps and Needs
Lack of information on climate change impacts
Weak institutional capacity
Limited financial resources
Lack of information on existing adaptations strategies and options and their success.Slide15
A.4 Development Context
Plan
stratégique
de
développement
d’Haiti
(PSDH) (2012): reference document for Haitian development
Nine lines of action for environment: Improving environmental governance, vulnerability reduction of the poorest and adaptation to CC, better urban management, integrated water resources, watershed and coastal zones management, country reforestation and seek for equilibrium between supply and demand for wood, fight against land degradation and improved biodiversity management, fight against pollutions, monitoring of environment, Setting the environment as a space for investment and business opportunities
NAPA (2006)
PAN-LCD against desertification
PNGRD (2001) being updated taking into account Adaptation to Climate change
Draft du schema national
d’aménagement
du
territoire
(ongoing 2017)
Climate Change National Policy (2016)
Plan national de
l
ogement
et de
l’Habitat
(PNLH, 2012)Slide16
Elements B.1 and B.2: Where to begin ?
Vulnerability and Risk assessment:
a coastal surveillance and early warning system for adaptation to climate change
has been designed, and comprises a physical vulnerability map.
Different scenarios of climate change have been used
Key findings: 21 000 acres of land are threatened by marine intrusion (7% of the national irrigated area),
Artibonite
, North East, North mostly threatened.
Vulnerability assessment in the NAPA (see A.2)
Vulnerability assessment of coastal areas in the UNDP-LCDF funded projectSlide17
B.3 Key Considered Adaptation Options
Agriculture : Diversification of cultures within systems such as agro-forestry,
etc
...
Early warning systems
Biodiversity: Protected Areas Settlement on Mangroves, restoration of wetlands, reduce pollutions
Watershed, water resources, waste, ...: Have an integrated management, prevent damages
... Use the existing documents and the pre-project studies !Slide18
2002: National
Communication 1
2006: NAPA
2015 NDC
2013: National Communication 2
ELEMENT A
ELEMENT B
ELEMENT C
ELEMENT D
2001: National System of risk management
2018
2019
2020
Other Vulnerability and Risk Assessments
For ex. coastal surveillance and early warning system for CCA
Climate Models
Data
THE NAP ROADMAP
2007:
Strategic Development Plan of Haiti
All planned and existing Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management Options & Strategies: In which parts of the NAP could they fit ?
INPUITS
2017
NAP
-NAP program/roadmap
-GCF readiness program
-Progress ReportSlide19
Example of institutional framework for the process to formulate and implement NAP in Haiti