brPage 1br brPage 2br Hardware calculator Hardware controlled by software washing machine Hardware the technical feature of which is characterized by software Chinese word processing ID: 15473
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WIPO-MOSTWIPO-MOSTIntermediateIntermediateTrainingTrainingCourseCoursePracticalPracticalIntellectualIntellectualPropertyPropertyIssuesIssuesBusinessBusinessNovemberNovember14,14,20032003PatentabilityPatentabilityComputerComputerSoftwareSoftwareandandBusinessBusinessMethodsMethods TomokoTomokoMiyamotoMiyamoto PatentPatentLawLawSectionSection PatentPatentPolicyPolicyDepartmentDepartment WorldWorldIntellectualIntellectualPropertyPropertyOrganizationOrganization Hardware(calculator) Hardwarecontrolledbysoftware(washingmachine) Hardwarethetechnicalfeatureofwhichischaracterizedbysoftware(Chinesewordprocessingmachine) Softwareembodiedonmachinereadablemedium(CD-ROMforChinesewordprocessing) Softwarethroughnetwork(InteractivegamesoftwaredownloadedfromanInternetserver) HardwareSoftware ComputerComputerprogramprogram NecessityNecessityIPRIPRprotectionprotection CopyrightCopyrightprotectionprotection TRIPSTRIPSArticleArticle10(1)10(1) WCTWCTArticleArticleLimitationLimitation ComputerComputerprogramprogramperformsperforms“functions鐀“functions鐀throughthrough鍥xpression鐀.鍥xpression鐀. Computer-implementedComputer-implementedinventionsinventionsarearetreatedtreatedsamesamemannermannerunderunderlawlawanyanyotherotherinventions.inventions. ConditionsConditionsPatentabilityPatentabilityPatentablePatentablesubjectsubjectmattermatter NoveltyNovelty InventiveInventivestepstep(Non-obviousness)(Non-obviousness) IndustrialIndustrialapplicationapplication(Utility)(Utility) SufficientSufficientdisclosuredisclosure BusinessBusinessmethodsmethodsOff-lineOff-linebusinessbusinessmethodsmethods On-lineOn-linebusinessbusinessmethodsmethodsEconomicEconomicimpactimpacte-commerce,e-commerce,financialfinancialbusinessbusiness Questions Questions CompatibleCompatiblewithwiththethecurrentcurrentpatentpatentlaw?law? WhatWhatarearesoftware/businesssoftware/businessmethodsmethodsrelatedrelatedinventionsinventionsthatthatmeritmeritpatentpatentprotection?protection? TRIPSTRIPSAgreementAgreement ArticleArticle27.127.1 principle,principle,錀Patents錀Patentsshallshallavailableavailableforforanyanyinventionsinventionswhetherwhetherproductproductprocess,process,allallfieldsfieldstechnologytechnologyprovidedprovidedthatthattheytheyarearenew,new,involveinvolveinventiveinventivestepstepandandarearecapablecapableindustrialindustrialapplication.鐀application.鐠ArticleArticle27.227.2andandnotnotexpresslyexpresslyprovideprovidethetheexclusionexclusioncomputercomputerprogramsprogramsbusinessbusinessmethodsmethodsgeneralgeneralfromfrompatentability.patentability. definitiondefinitionthethetermsterms鍩nvention鐀鍩nvention鐀andand鍴echnology鐀鍴echnology鐀 ArgumentsArgumentsFORFORsoftwaresoftwarepatentspatents CopyrightCopyrightdoesdoesnotnotprotectprotect鍩dea玔鍩dea玔behindbehindsoftware.software. PromotePromotedevelopmentdevelopmentthethesoftwaresoftwareindustryindustryandandcomputer-relatedcomputer-relatedindustry.industry.SoftwareSoftwarealsoalsoexhibitsexhibitstechnicaltechnicalbehavior.behavior. AdvantagesAdvantagesforforSMEsSMEsandandindependentindependentsoftwaresoftwaredevelopers.developers. ArgumentsArgumentsAGAINSTAGAINSTsoftwaresoftwarepatentspatents DuplicationDuplicationwithwithcopyrightcopyrightprotection.protection. InhibitInhibitcompetition.competition.cumulative,cumulative,sequentialsequentialinnovationinnovationinteroperabilityinteroperabilitybetweenbetweenprograms,programs,systemssystemsandandnetworksnetworks SMEsSMEsandandindependentindependentsoftwaresoftwaredevelopersdeveloperscan鈀tcan鈀taffordaffordpatents.patents. ArgumentsArgumentsconcerningconcerningbusinessbusinessmethodmethodpatentspatents FOR FOR InnovativeInnovativebusinessbusinessmethodsmethodsequallyequallycontributecontributethetheeconomiceconomicdevelopment.development. AGAINST AGAINST DistortDistortcompetitioncompetition fundamentalfundamentalroleroleeconomyeconomynotnotproportionalproportionalexclusiveexclusivepatentpatentrightsrightsPracticalPracticaldifficultiesdifficultiesqualityqualitypatentspatents(expertise,(expertise,priorpriorart,art,inventiveinventivestep,step,sufficientsufficientdisclosure)disclosure) IssuesIssues 錀Inventions鐀錀Inventions鐀underunderthethepatentpatentlawlawshouldshouldhavehavetechnicaltechnicalcharacter?character? so,so,whatwhatkindkind鍴echnicalit禔鍴echnicalit禔required?required? FormatsFormatsclaims?claims?computercomputersystemsystemcomprisin枅鐀comprisin枅鐀 methodmethodprocessingprocessingChineseChinesewordswordscomputercomputercomprising蔀comprising蔀 computercomputerreadablereadablemediummediumhavinghavingstoredstoredthereonthereoncomputer-executablecomputer-executableinstructionsinstructionsforforperformingperformingthethestepsstepscomprisin枅鐀comprisin枅鐀 computercomputerprogramprogramproductproductcomprisin枅鐀comprisin枅鐀overcomeovercomepracticalpracticaldifficulties?difficulties? patentablepatentablesubjectsubjectmattermatterU.S.C.U.S.C.SectionSection101101 鍗hoever鍗hoeverinventsinventsdiscoversdiscoversanyanynew new and and useful useful process process machine machine manufacture manufacture composition composition matter matter any any new new and and useful useful improvement improvement thereof thereof maymayobtainobtainpatentpatenttherefore蔀鐀therefore蔀鐀 鍰rocess鐀鍰rocess鐀鍰rocess,鍰rocess,artartmethods鐀;methods鐀;includesincludesnewnewuseuseknownknownprocess,process,machine,machine,manufacture,manufacture,compositioncompositionmatter,matter,material鐀material鐀錀technical錀technicaleffect鐀effect鐀錀technical錀technicalcontribution”contribution”requirementrequirement ExceptionsExceptionsarearesetsetcasecaselawslaws DiamondDiamondChakrabartyChakrabarty鍡nything鍡nythingunderunderthethesunsunthatthatmademademan鐀man鐀patentablepatentablelifelifeformformDiamondDiamondDiehrDiehrexceptionsexceptionspatentabilitypatentability laws laws nature nature abstract abstract ideas ideas natural natural phenomena phenomena AllapatAllapatpracticalpracticalapplicationapplicationabstractabstractidea,idea,however,however,statutorystatutory AlappatAlappatF.3dF.3d15361536[Fed.[Fed.Cir.1994]Cir.1994] SoftwareSoftwareprogramprogramcreatecreatesmoothsmoothdisplaydisplaynumericnumericdatadataoscilloscopeoscilloscope inventioninventionthatthatproducesproducesuseful,useful,concreteconcreteandandtangibletangibleresult鐀result鐀patentablepatentablesubjectsubjectmattermatterthetheclaimedclaimedsubjectsubjectmattermatter鍡s鍡swhol斔whol斔disembodieddisembodiedmathematicalmathematicalconcept,concept,notnotpatentable.patentable. businessbusinessmethodsmethods(1)(1)businessbusinessmethodmethodthatthatprovidesprovides“useful,“useful,concreteconcreteandandtangibletangibleresult鐀result鐀patentablepatentablesubjectsubjectmatter.matter. StateStateStreetStreetBankBankSignatureSignatureFinancialFinancial1998)1998) Ex.1:Ex.1:systemsystempermitpermitindividualindividualmutualmutualfundsfunds(spokes)(spokes)poolpooltheirtheirassetsassetsinvestmentinvestmentportfolioportfolio(hub)(hub)organizedorganizedpartnershippartnership Ex.2:Ex.2:Amazon鈀sAmazon鈀sone-clickone-clickshoppingshopping Ex.3:Ex.3:VirtualVirtualsalessalespersonnelpersonnel FloodFloodbusinessbusinessmethodmethodrelatedrelatedpatentpatentapplicationsapplications businessbusinessmethodsmethods(2)(2) USPTO鈀sUSPTO鈀sinitiativeinitiative collectioncollectionbusinessbusinessmethodsmethodspriorpriorartart trainingtrainingexaminers;examiners;doubledoublecheckcheck publicpublicoutreachoutreach Fiscal Year1996199719981999200020012002* ApplicationsFiled58492713402821780087005000 PatentsIssued144206420585899433492 Number of applications filed and patents issued in the United States of America under Class 705 (Source: USPTO). *The data in fiscal year 2002 are an estimate. EuropeEurope11 EuropeanEuropeanPatentPatentConventionConvention(EPC)(EPC) Article Article 52(1) 52(1) EuropeanEuropeanpatentspatentsshallshallgrantedgrantedforforany any inventions inventions whichwhicharearesusceptiblesusceptibleindustrialindustrialapplication,application,whichwhichareareandandwhichwhichinvolveinvolveinventiveinventivestep.step. Article Article 52(2) 52(2) and and (3) (3) NonNonexhaustiveexhaustivesubjectsubjectmattermatternotnotregardedregardedinventions,inventions,includingincluding schemes,schemes,rulesrulesandandmethodsmethodsforfordoingdoingbusinessbusinesssuchsuchprogramsprogramsforforcomputerscomputerssuch.such. 17 EuropeEuropetechnicaltechnicalcharactercharacter “Inventions鐀“Inventions鐀mustmusttechnicaltechnicalcharacter.character. MustMustrelaterelatetechnicaltechnicalfieldfield(Rule(Rule27(1))27(1)) MustMustconcernedconcernedwithwithtechnicaltechnicalproblemproblem(Rule(Rule27(1))27(1)) MustMusthavehavetechnicaltechnicalfeaturesfeaturestermstermswhichwhichthethemattermatterforforwhichwhichprotectionprotectionsoughtsoughtdefineddefinedthetheclaimclaim(Rule(Rule29(1))29(1))ArticleArticle52(2):52(2):SubjectSubjectmattermatternotnotregardedregardedinventionsinventions abstracts,abstracts,non-technicalnon-technicalnaturenature EuropeEuropetechnicaltechnicalcharactercharacter TheTheclaimedclaimedsubjectsubjectmattermatterhashastechnicaltechnicalcharacter.character. ApparatusApparatusclaimclaim MethodMethodclaimclaim TheThecontributioncontributionthethestatestatethetheartart(inventive(inventivestep)step)hashastechnicaltechnicalcharacter.character.inventioninventionsolvessolvestechnicaltechnicalproblem.problem. Ex.Ex.faster/simplified/morefaster/simplified/moreefficientefficientcomputingcomputing reliability/safety/speedreliability/safety/speedcomputercomputercommunicationcommunicationimproved.improved.VariousVariousclaimclaimformatsformatsacceptedaccepted(IBM(IBMcase,case,1997).1997). EuropeEuropedevelopmentdevelopment DraftDraftDirectiveDirectivethethePatentabilityPatentabilityComputer-implementedComputer-implementedInventionsInventions HarmonizingHarmonizingthetheinterpretationinterpretationpatentabilitypatentabilityrequirementsrequirementsre.re.ComputerComputerimplementedimplementedinventionsinventionsamongamongthethemembermemberStates.States. StrongStrongoppositionsoppositionsthetheEuropeanEuropeanCommissio溒sCommissio溒sdraftdraftopenopensourcesourcesoftwaresoftwaresupporterssupportersandandsmallsmallsoftwaresoftwaredevelopersdevelopers ChinaChina11 錀Inventio溔錀Inventio溔meansmeansanyanynewnewtechnicaltechnicalsolutionsolutionrelatingrelatingproduct,product,processprocessimprovementimprovementthereof.thereof. 鍒ules鍒ulesandandmethodsmethodsforformentalmentalactivities鐀activities鐀arearenotnotpatentablepatentablesubjectsubjectmatter.matter. ExaminationExaminationGuidelinesGuidelines 錀Methods錀Methodsbusinessbusinessoperationoperationfinancialfinancialmanagement鐀management鐀鍣omputer鍣omputerprogramprogramsuch”such”claimedclaimedinventioninventioninvolvesinvolvesonlyonlycomputercomputerprogramprogramperperse,se,merelymerelycomputercomputerprogramprogramrecordedrecordedcarriercarrierpatentablepatentablesubjectsubjectmattermatter China:China:Exam.Exam.GuidelinesGuidelines thethemethodsmethodscomputercomputerprogramsprogramsbeyondbeyondmeremere錀rules錀rulesandandmethodsmethodsmentalmentalactivities鐀,activities鐀,theytheymaymaypatentable.patentable. UtilizeUtilizetechnicaltechnicalmeansmeans(use(usethethelawslawsnature)nature) SolveSolvetechnicaltechnicalproblemproblemProvideProvidetechnicaltechnicaleffecteffectClaimedClaimedinventioninventionwholewhole Ex.1:Ex.1:inventioninventionusingusingcomputercomputerprogramprogramforformeasuringmeasuringthetheviscosityviscosityliquid.liquid.Ex.2:Ex.2:inventioninventionemployingemployingvirtualvirtualmemorymemorymanagementmanagementprogramprogramincreaseincreasethethecapacitycapacitythetheprocessingprocessingspeedspeed PatentPatentenforcementenforcementissuesissues IPRIPRterritorialityterritoriality determinedeterminethethe鍵nauthorized鍵nauthorizeduse鐀use鐀patent?patent? PatentedPatentedproductproduct(network(networksystem)system)consistsconsistselementselementslocatedlocateddifferentdifferentterritories.territories. PatentedPatentedprocessprocess(methods(methodsprocessprocessdatadataviavianetwork)network)consistsconsistselementselementsprocessedprocesseddifferentdifferentterritories.territories. MenasheMenashecasecase(UK)(UK) DebatesDebatescontinue...continue... ObjectivesObjectivesPatentPatentSystemSystemPromotePromoteeconomiceconomicdevelopmentdevelopmentBalanceBalancebetweenbetweenpatentee鈀spatentee鈀srightsrightsandandpublicpublicinterestinterest Use/LicenseUse/License CreationCreation GrantGrantPatentPatent Disclosure of inventions ThankThanktomoko.miyamoto@wipo.inttomoko.miyamoto@wipo.int