Human Trafficking A DEMAND Problem - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Human Trafficking

A DEMAND Problem Slide2

PSA: Indiana’s Not Buying It Slide3

Internationally

Second largest and fastest growing criminal enterprise

(1)

27 million victims

(2)

1 million children exploited in commercial sex every year

(3)$150.2 billion dollars generated worldwide (4)Locally More than 100 tips were investigated by law enforcement in Indiana in 2014.

Human Trafficking in Numbers

Administration for Children & Families, U.S. DEPT. OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES, http://www.acf.hhs.gov/trafficking/about/index.html (last visited Jan. 13, 2012).

U.S. Dept. of State Trafficking in Persons Report (2012

), available at

http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2012/index.htm.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, THE FACTS ABOUT CHILD SEX TOURISM (2005) at p.22 (2005),

available at

http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/47255.pdf

International

Labour

Office, Profits and Poverty: The Economics of Forced

Labour

(2014), available at

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---declaration/documents/publication/wcms_243391.pdf

. See also

Remarks at the Release of the 2014 Trafficking in Persons Report, U.S. Dept. of State

(June 20, 2014) available at

http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/06/228083.htm

. See also

Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights: The Economics of Forced Labor, U.S. Dept. of State

(June 2014), available at

http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/06/228083.htm

.Slide4

Did you know?

Amanda Walker-Rodriguez & Rodney Hill,

Human Sex Trafficking

, FED.

BUREAU INVESTIGATION (Mar. 2011), http://www.fbi.gov/statsservices/publications/law-enforcementbulletin/march_2011/human_sex_trafficking

Human Trafficking/Trafficking in Persons, Dept. of Justice Statistics, http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=40 (last visited 1/14/2012).Slide5

12-14

is the average age that U.S. kids are first pulled into commercial sex.

(2)

Some research indicates that the average age of entry for U.S. girls is 12 to 14, while the average age for U.S. boys and transgender youth is 11 to 13.

See

Amanda Walker-Rodriguez and Rodney Hill,

Human Sex Trafficking, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (March, 2011), available at http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/law-enforcement-bulletin/march_2011/human_sex_trafficking. See also Ernie Allen, President and CEO of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, speaking to the House Victims’ Rights Caucus Human Trafficking Caucus, Cong. Rec., 111th Cong., 2nd sess., 2010.

Did you know?

She’s NOT. Slide6

Origin and Destination Countries

The following map indicates the demand from the U.S. and other wealthy countries.

Why is demand important?Slide7

What is Human Trafficking?

Sex Trafficking:

When a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age;

or

Labor Trafficking:

The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. (1)Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, Pub. L. No. 106-386 (2000), available at http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/10492.pdf.Slide8

Force

Kidnapping

Torture

Battering

Threats with Weapons

Sexual Abuse

ConfinementForced use of DrugsForced AbortionsDenial of Medical CareFraudPromises of Valid ImmigrationDocumentsVictim told to use false travel papersContract signed for Legitimate WorkPromised Job differs from ActualityPromises of Money or SalaryMisrepresentation of Work ConditionsWooing into Romantic RelationshipCoercionDebt BondageThreats of Harm to Victim or FamilyControl of ChildrenControlled CommunicationPhotographing in Illegal Situations

Holding ID/Travel DocumentsVerbal or Psychological AbuseControl of Victims MoneyPunishments for Misbehavior

What is Force, Fraud and Coercion? Slide9

Human Trafficking vs

. Prostitution

Human Trafficking requires that the victim has been compelled to prostitute through force, fraud or coercion. The profit is often taken by the

trafficker

.

Human Trafficking vs. Smuggling

Smuggling is the illegal transportation of a person across international borders.Smuggling is typically voluntary, and the person is free to leave afterwards.A trafficked person may be transported into a country, but the person is then exploited for financial gain through labor or services.Human Trafficking vs. Sexual AssaultHuman Trafficking requires that the

person has been forced to provide sexual services

for profit. If other factors are present, sexual assault can be a type of control in a

trafficking scenario.

Human Trafficking vs. Other crimes Slide10

Who is involved in trafficking?

The

recruiter

gains the victim’s trust and then sells them for labor or to a pimp. Sometimes this is a “boyfriend”, a neighbor, or even a family member.

The

trafficker

is the one who controls the victims. Making the victim fearful through abuse, threats, and lies the trafficker gains power over his/her victim.The victim could be anyone.The consumer funds the human trafficking industry by purchasing goods and services. Often s/he is unaware that someone is suffering. Slide11

How are People Recruited?

Grooming

Internet, social media

Fake employment agencies

Acquaintances or family

Newspaper ads

Front businessesWord of mouthAbductionSlide12

A Vulnerable Life Before Victimization*

Melissa Farley & Howard

Barkan

, Prostitution, Violence Against Women, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,

27

Women & Health 37-49 (1998), available at http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/ProsViolPosttrauStress.html.Hunter, S.K., Prostitution is Cruelty and Abuse to Women and Children, 1 Mich. J. Gender & L. 1-14 (1993).

Jennifer K.

Wesely, Growing up Sexualized: Issues of Power and Violence in the Lives of Female Exotic Dancers,

8 No. 10 Violence Against Women, 1182, 1192 (October, 2002).

Of boys and girls recruited into commercial sex:

57% had been sexually abused as children

(1)

49% had been physically assaulted

(1)

85% were victims of incest as girls, and 90% had been physically abused

(2)

Nearly half the participants in one study had been “molested or raped as children or teenagers.”

(3

)

* These studies considered various forms of commercial sex, not only sex trafficking. Due to the hidden nature of the crime, little research is available strictly on trafficking. However, it should be noted that anyone used in commercial sex who is under 18 or is being forced or coerced is a victim of trafficking.Slide13

Human Trafficking and Technology

Online Classified Ads

– Craigslist.org and Backpage.com

An artist’s interpretation of an advertisement on Indianapolis Backpage February

2

nd

, 2012.

(2)Slide14

Human Trafficking and Technology

Online Classified Ads – Craigslist.org and Backpage.comSlide15

Human Trafficking and

Technology

Gang members enticed victims on the streets and through social media, including

Facebook

,

Twitter

, and

Instagram

, by advertising photographs of extravagant living. Instead, the gang members trafficked the victims to several states and forced them into commercial sex.

4

Misty VanHorn, Oklahoma Mother, Attempted To Sell Her Kids On Facebook For $4,000

1

14-Year-Old Unwillingly Became an Internet Sex Symbol

2

B.C. teen drugged, forced into sex trade, police say; Calgary woman faces multiple charges, including human trafficking, extortion

3

2

Gates, Sara. "Misty

VanHorn

, Oklahoma Mother, Attempted To Sell Her Kids On Facebook For $4,000: Police." 

The Huffington Post

. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 12 Mar. 2013. Web. . <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/12/misty-vanhorn-sell-children-facebook_n_2855887.html>.

McLane, Adam. "Why You Should Delete

SnapChat

-

adammclane.com."

adammclane.com

.

N.p

., 22 Aug. 2013. Web. . <http://adammclane.com/2013/08/22/why-you-should-delete-snapchat>.

Karar

, Hana, and Lauren

Effron

. "Angie

Varona

: How a 14-Year-Old Unwillingly Became an Internet Sex Symbol." 

ABC News

. ABC News Network, 9 Nov. 2011. Web. . http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/angie-varona-14-year-unwillingly-internet-sex-symbol/story?id=14882768.

Ho, Clara. "B.C. teen drugged, forced into sex trade, police say; Calgary woman faces multiple charges, including human trafficking, extortion." . The Vancouver Province (British Columbia), 13 Apr. 2014. Web. http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy.lib.indiana.edu/.

Dixon, Jr, Herbert B. Dixon, Jr. "Human Trafficking and the Internet* (*and Other Technologies, too)."

Human Trafficking and the Internet* (*and Other Technologies, too)

. The Judge's Journal, 1 Jan. 2013. Web. . <http://www.americanbar.org/publications/judges_journal/2013/winter/human_trafficking_and_internet_and_other_technologies_too.html>. Slide16

Human Trafficking and Technology

Social Networking

Messages provided by U.S. Department of Justice. Visualization created by CNNMoney.

Pimps hit social networks to recruit underage girls to engage in commercial sex

If a girl expressed interest, a gang member would arrange to meet up. At that point, participation stopped being voluntary.

The pimps "searched Facebook for attractive young girls, and sent them messages telling them that they were pretty and asking if they would like to make some money"

http://money.cnn.com/2013/02/27/technology/social/pimps-social-networks/index.htmlSlide17

Human Trafficking and Technology

1) Mark

Latonero

,

Human Trafficking Online: The Role of Social Networking Sites and Online Classifieds

, 13 (2011)

“None of these new technologies are in and of themselves harmful,” but for those criminals searching for means of exploiting their victims, they provide “new, efficient, and

often anonymous

” methods.

(1)

Prepaid Credit Cards

Prepaid Cell Phones

No Age verification

No identify verification

Consider

anonymity

provided for:

The person posting ads online

The persons depicted in those ads

The persons viewing those ads.Slide18

Human Trafficking & Sporting Events

Studies have shown that there is an increase in the demand for commercial sex services surrounding large sporting events or conventions such as the

Super Bowl, World Series

, etc.

Any

increase

in the commercial sex industry also increases the potential risk for exploitation and human trafficking.A study conducted by KLAAS KIDS Foundation and F.R.E.E. International, in conjunction with law enforcement, during the 2012 Super Bowl, found that online escort ads were monitored weekly to show increase of activity:Thursday, January 12th: 17 (1)

Thursday, January 19th:

18 (1)Thursday, January 26th: 28

(1)

Thursday, February 2

nd

:

118

(2)

Friday, February 3

rd

:

129

(3)

68

commercial sex arrests were made before and on the 2012 Super Bowl

(4)

2

human trafficking victims were identified

(4)

2

other potential human trafficking victims were identified

(4)

Klaas

Kids Foundation, Backpage.com Multi-State Monitoring Report

(Dec. 2011 - Jan. 2012).

Klaas

Kids Foundation

,

Tackle the Trafficker Outreach and Monitoring Initiative

(Feb. 2, 2011).

Klaas

Kids Foundation

,

Tackle the Trafficker Outreach and Monitoring Initiative

(Feb. 3, 2011).

E-mail from Jon Daggy, Detective Sgt. Indianapolis Metropolitan Police (on file with author) (Feb. 17, 2012).Slide19

Human Trafficking & Super Bowl 2012

A study conducted by KLAAS KIDS Foundation found significant increases in Backpage escort ads leading up to the 2012 Super Bowl.

(1)

KlaAs

Kids Foundation

,

Tackle the Trafficker Outreach and Monitoring Initiative (Feb. 3, 2011).KlaAs Kids Foundation, Behind closed doors.Slide20

Human Trafficking & Super Bowl 2015Slide21

Human Trafficking

& Super Bowl 2015

1) Exploring

the Impact

of the

Super Bowl on

Sex Trafficking 2015, ASU School of Social Work ( Feb. 2015).Slide22

Backpage.com

March 24 – April 3, 2015

Indianapolis, IN: average of 105 ads per day

Human Trafficking

&

Final Four 2015

Office of the Indiana Attorney General; data compiled by OAG staff (Apr. 17 2015).Ads posted during Final Four:April 4-6, 2015“March Madness Experience the ONLY hand free SHOT in The GAME - 35 (CASTLETON n THE JACUZZI WAITING ON u) escorts”“Brackets Busted??? Need Your Bottom Busted Next?? Call Miss... - 54 (Indianapolis area outcall) domination & fetish”Slide23

Human Trafficking

& Final Four 2015

IPATH Outreach

SOAP Project: 40 hotels/motels in areas were reached, mostly in the near outlying areas of Indianapolis, as specified by law enforcement.

18 Rest Areas: INDOT

distributed 1,000 hotline cards

and 18 National Human Trafficking Resource Center posters.35 billboards in state of Indiana (anti-demand, victim recovery, awareness).Indy Go: 5 weeks free interior advertising space on 10 buses in Indianapolis.

Taxi Drivers: 150 packets of red flags/fact sheet, national hotline number.

1,000 hotline cards distributed in malls, bars and strip clubs.

500 anti-demand cards distributed to strip clubs, adult entertainment establishments, and bars downtown.

60 Not Buying It posters distributed in bars and strip clubs downtown.

50 red flags/fact sheet handouts were distributed to store managers in malls.

*There were 18 commercial sex related arrests during the 2015 Final Four in Indianapolis. Slide24

Human

Trafficking & March Madness 2015

Louisville, KY

NCAA 2

nd

and 3

rd RoundMarch 19 -21, 2015Backpage.com1,544 total ads March 1st to 30th Average of 51.4 ads per dayLouisville Human Trafficking Task Force (Apr. 17 2015).Slide25

Indiana State Law

IC 35-42-3.5: Human and Sexual Trafficking

(1

)

Federal

Law

Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act-2000 (2) William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 (3)Human and Sexual Trafficking, Ind. Code § 35-42-3.5, available at http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title35/ar42/ch3.5.pdf.

Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, Pub. L. No. 106-386 (2000),

available at http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/10492.pdf.William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008, Public Law No: 110-457 (2008),

available at

http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h110-7311.

The LawSlide26

Is a

Class A Misdemeanor

.

(1)

However, the offense is a

Level 6 felony

if the person has two prior convictions under this section. (1)Patronizing a Prostitute, IC 35-45-4-3, available at www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title35/ar45/ch4.html.IC 35-45-4-3, Patronizing a ProstituteThe LawSlide27

Forced Labor

Up to 20 years

Trafficking into Servitude

Up to 20 years

Sex Trafficking

Up to life

Involuntary Servitude

Up to 20 years

Peonage (Debt Bondage)

Up to 20 years

Document Servitude

Up to 5 years

Conspiracy Against Rights

Up to life if kidnapping, sexual abuse or death

Federal Crimes and PenaltiesSlide28

A Comprehensive Law:

Prevention

Public Awareness, Outreach and Education

Protection

T-Visa, Certification, Benefits and Services to Victims

Prosecution

Created Federal Crime of Trafficking, New Law Enforcement Tools and EffortsTrafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000Slide29

Human Trafficking

Legislation 2015

29

Asset Forfeiture – allows law enforcement to forfeit property used to commit the crime of human trafficking as well as proceeds derived from commission of the offense

SB

375

SB

532

Indecent Nuisance – Adds Human Trafficking to the list of enumerated nuisances

Adult Entertainment Establishments – Identity verification and Human Trafficking Awareness – tied to alcohol permit

SB 296

HB 1216

Defense to Prostitution

Missing Persons InformationSlide30

Human Trafficking

Legislative Rankings

Recommendations:

Increased penalties for purchasing sex with a minor

Safe Harbor for Minors

Categories still needed:

Statutorily Defined Human

Trafficking Task

Force

Requirement to Post

the National

Hotline

Safe

Harbor for

Minors

Vacating Convictions of victims

New ranking of Victim Assistance Laws -

2014 Tier 3Slide31

Demand for this crime exists because WE tolerate it

Prostitutes and strippers portrayed in movies, video games and music

Three 6 Mafia’s song “It’s Hard Out There for a Pimp” won an Oscar in 2006

"Big

Pimpin

'" was the most

successful single from Jay-Z's fourth album, reaching #18 on The Billboard Hot 100 and #1 on the Rhythmic Top 40 chart.Slide32

Our Culture Emphasizes:

Partying

Youth

Power

Money

SexualitySlide33

Media—How we sexualize women in society

Difference between sexuality and sexualization

Sexualized female dolls targeted to girls as young as 4 years old

Push-up bra bathing suits for 8-year olds

A

verage child/teen spends 6 hours and 32 minutes with media

Information on this slide taken from: American Psychological Association, Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. (2010).

Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pi/women/programs/girls/report-full.pdfSlide34

Media—How we sexualize men in society

“Boys will be boys”

Party themes that put males in roles of power and women in sexually objectifying roles

Making excuses for male behavior (i.e. bachelor parties, strip clubs, etc.)Slide35

“Prostitution is risky for both men and women; the average age of death is 34.

(1)

“…the American Journal of Epidemiology reported that prostitutes suffer a ‘workplace homicide rate’ 51 times higher than that of the next most dangerous occupation; working in a liquor store.”

Homicide is the leading cause of death for those who work in the sex trade.

(1)

Leslie Bennetts, The John Next Door, July 18, 2011, The Daily Beast/Newsweek, available at http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2011/07/17/the-growing-demand-for-prostitution.html.

Prostitution is NOT a victimless crime Slide36

While involved in prostitution

:

82% had been physically assaulted.

(1)

83% had been threatened with a weapon.

(1)

68% had been raped while working as prostitutes. (1)84% reported current or past homelessness. (1)

Melissa Farley & Howard

Barkan

, Prostitution, Violence Against Women, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,

27

Women & Health

37-49 (1998),

available at

http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/ProsViolPosttrauStress.html.

Prostitution is NOT a victimless crime Slide37

Rape Myths

In a study of 103 sex-buyers,

54% believed prostitution decreases rape, and

25% considered the idea of raping a prostitute to be ridiculous, believing that prostitutes are “un-rapeable.”

(2)

FACT

68% of women in a prostitution study had been raped while working as prostitutes. (1)Melissa Farley, Emily Schuckman, Jacqueline M. Golding, Kristen Houser, Laura Jarrett, Peter Qualliotine, Michele Decker, Comparing Sex Buyers with Men Who Don’t Buy Sex: “You can have a good time with the servitude” vs. “You’re supporting a system of degradation” (2011) at 20

Prostitution Research & Educ.,

available at http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/pdfs/Farleyetal2011ComparingSexBuyers.pdf.Melissa Farley, Julie

Bindel

, Jacqueline M. Golding,

Men Who Buy Sex: Who They Buy and What They Know (

December

, 2009),

available at

http://www.eaves4women.co.uk/Documents/Recent_Reports/Men%20Who%20Buy%20Sex.pdf.Slide38

FACT:

Research on prostitution

has

shown that

62-100%

of the acts of violence against women engaged in street-level prostitution were perpetrated by the “Johns”.

(1) 30-100% of all acts of violence, including almost all acts of sexual violence against women in exotic dancing were perpetrated by the “Johns”. (1)Jody Raphael & Deborah L. Shapiro, Sisters Speak Out: The Lives and Needs of Prostituted Women in Chicago, Center for Impact Research (2002) at p.19, available at http://www.impactresearch.org/documents/sistersspeakout.pdf.MYTH:

“I paid money, so she has to do what I want.”

Rape MythsSlide39

Rape myths include the beliefs that:

Women say no to sex but really mean yes.

(1)

Certain clothes worn by women signal their desire to be sexually assaulted.

(1)

Reasons 110 sex-buyers gave for rape included:

32% stated that men get “sexually carried away.” (2)34% said that a man’s “sex drive gets out of control.” (2) Culturally accepted myths about rape hide the truth that rape still occurs in prostitution, and that commercial sex does not ensure safety to non-prostituting women.Melissa Farley, Emily Schuckman, Jacqueline M. Golding, Kristen Houser, Laura Jarrett, Peter Qualliotine

, Michele Decker, Comparing Sex Buyers with Men Who Don’t Buy Sex: “You can have a good time with the servitude” vs. “You’re supporting a system of degradation”

(2011) at 20 Prostitution Research & Educ.,

available at

http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/pdfs/Farleyetal2011ComparingSexBuyers.pdf.

Melissa Farley, Jan Macleod, Lynn Anderson,

Jacquline

M. Golding.

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy.

(March, 2011).

Available at

http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/pdfs/Farley,Macleod%20et%20al%202011%20Men%20Who%20Buy%20Sex%20In%20Scotland.pdf]

Melissa Farley, Julie

Bindel

, Jacqueline M. Golding,

Men Who Buy Sex: Who They Buy and What They Know (

December

, 2009),

available at

http://www.eaves4women.co.uk/Documents/Recent_Reports/Men%20Who%20Buy%20Sex.pdf.

Rape MythsSlide40

Sex is a commodity

Sex is recreation

Sex is a male entitlement

All men use prostitutes

All people want sex with all people all the time

Women really enjoy violent & degrading sex

Minors enjoy sex with adults It’s a victimless crime It’s between consenting adults It’s a job They love sex & make money doing it Permission-Giving Beliefs“My behavior is normal, acceptable, common, and doesn’t hurt anyone.” Dr. Mary Anne

Layden

, University of Pennsylvania, presentation at Convergence Conference, Apr. 13-14, 2011, Linthicum Heights, MDRachel Durchslag

& Samir

Goswami

,

Deconstructing the Demand for Prostitution: Preliminary Insights From Interviews with Chicago Men Who Purchase Sex

,

Chicago Alliance Against Sexual Exploitation

, (May, 2008), available at http://media.virbcdn.com/files/40/FileItem-149406-DeconstructingtheDemandForProstitution.pdf. Slide41

“She has no rights because you are paying for a sex act – she gives up the right

to say no

.”

“Wouldn’t have to rape somebody if there are prostitutes. You don’t have to beat up your wife if prostitutes are available.”

Rachel

Durchslag

& Samir Goswami, Deconstructing the Demand for Prostitution: Preliminary Insights From Interviews with Chicago Men Who Purchase Sex, Chicago Alliance Against Sexual Exploitation, (May, 2008), available at http://media.virbcdn.com/files/40/FileItem-149406-DeconstructingtheDemandForProstitution.pdf. Permission-Giving BeliefsSlide42

The majority of “Johns” DO NOT recognize the negative aspects of buying sex

.

Of

the

101

sex buyers considered in a research study on prostitution:

67% indicated no or slight negative effects. (1)19% indicated very negative effects. (1)14% indicated extremely negative effects. (1)Of the 100 non-sex buyers:30% indicated no or slight negative effects. (1)47% indicated very negative effects. (1)

23% indicated extremely negative effects.” (1)

Melissa Farley, Emily

Schuckman

, Jacqueline M. Golding, Kristen Houser, Laura Jarrett, Peter

Qualliotine

, Michele Decker,

Comparing Sex Buyers with Men Who Don’t Buy Sex: “You can have a good time with the servitude” vs. “You’re supporting a system of degradation”

(2011) at 20

Prostitution Research & Educ.

,

available at

http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/pdfs/Farleyetal2011ComparingSexBuyers.pdf.

Permission-Giving BeliefsSlide43

The number of pornographic websites grew by 1,800 between 1998 and 2007.

(1)

A 2004 study of Internet traffic reported that porn sites were visited three times more often than Google, Yahoo!, and MSN Search combined.

(2)

Men who look at pornography have been shown to be more likely to go to prostitutes(3).Men go to prostitutes looking for a chance to live out what they’ve seen in pornography(4).In one survey of former prostitutes: 80% said that customers had shown them images of porn to illustrate what they wanted to do (5) Sex Trafficking Demand and Pornography

1) Websense Research Shows Online Pornography Sites Continue Strong Growth. (2004). PRNewswire.com.

2) Porn More Popular than Search. (2004). InternetWeek.com. 3)

Monto

, M. A. (1999). Focusing on the Clients of Street Prostitutes: A Creative Approach to Reducing Violence Against Women. Paper submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice.

4)

Malarek

, V. (2009). Johns: Sex for Sale and the Men Who Buy It. New York: Arcade, 193–96; MacKinnon, C. A. (2005). Pornography as Trafficking. Michigan Journal of International Law 26, 4: 999–1000; Raymond, J. (2004). Public Hearing on the Impact of the Sex Industry in the EU, Committee on Women’s Rights and Equal Opportunities Public Hearing at the European Parliament. New York: Coalition Against Trafficking in Women.

5)

Globbe

, E.,

Harrigan

, M., and Ryan, J. (1990). A Facilitator’s Guide to Prostitution: A Matter of Violence against Women. Minneapolis, Minn.: WHISPER.Slide44

The more porn a person looks at, the more severe the damage to their brain becomes and the more difficult it is to break free

(1)

.

“Reward Pathway” of a brain rewards users with chemicals like dopamine and oxytocin

(2)

;however, when the reward pathway is abused, the chemicals released only make the craving connection stronger(3). Porn hijacks the reward pathway in the brain, just like drugs, and with a tolerance built up; the craving for porn can have the same effects as drugs (4). A study of the most popular porn videos found that nine scenes out of 10 showed women being verbally or physically abused(5).

Porn Addictions and Prostitution Demand

1). Angres, D. H. and Bettinardi-Angres, K. (2008). The Disease of Addiction: Origins, Treatment, and Recovery. Disease-a-Month 54: 696–721.

2) Hilton, D. L., and Watts, C. (2011). Pornography Addiction: A Neuroscience Perspective. Surgical Neurology International, 2: 19; (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3050060/) Bostwick, J. M. and Bucci, J. E. (2008). Internet Sex Addiction Treated with Naltrexone. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 83, 2: 226–230; Nestler, E. J. (2005). Is There a Common Molecular Pathway for Addiction? Nature Neuroscience 9, 11: 1445–1449; Leshner, A. (1997). Addiction Is a Brain Disease and It Matters. Science 278: 45–7.

3) Bostwick, J. M. and Bucci, J. E. (2008). Internet Sex Addiction Treated with Naltrexone. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 83, 2: 226–230; Balfour, M. E., Yu, L., and Coolen, L. M. (2004). Sexual Behavior and Sex-Associated Environmental Cues Activate the Mesolimbic System in Male Rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 29, 4:718–730; Leshner, A. (1997). Addiction Is a Brain Disease and It Matters. Science 278: 45–7.

4) Doidge, N. (2007). The Brain That Changes Itself. New York: Penguin Books, 106;

5) Bridges, A. J., Wosnitzer, R., Scharrer, E., Chyng, S., and Liberman, R. (2010). Aggression and Sexual Behavior in Best Selling Pornography Videos: A Content Analysis Update. Violence Against Women 16, 10: 1065–1085.Slide45

Pornography Fuels Prostitution

Porn and prostitution are the products the sex trade exists to deliver

(1).

Men who go to prostitutes are twice as likely to have watched a porn film in the last year compared to the general population

(2

)

.In a study of 854 women in prostitution across nine countries(3): 49% said porn had been made of them while they were in prostitution 47% said they had been harmed by men who had either forced, or tried to force their victims to do things men had seen in porn 1) Arevalo, E. and Regnerus, M. (2011). Commercialized Sex and Human Bondage. Public Discourse. Princeton, N.J.: Witherspoon Institute.

2) Monto

, M. A. (1999). Focusing on the Clients of Street Prostitutes: A Creative Approach to Reducing Violence Against Women. Paper submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice.3) Farley, M. (2007). Renting an Organ for Ten Minutes: What Tricks Tell Us about Prostitution, Pornography, and Trafficking. In D. E. Guinn and J.

DiCaro

(Eds.) Pornography: Driving the Demand in International Sex Trafficking (p. 145). Bloomington, Ind.:

Xlibris

.Slide46

FACTS:

Victims are lured by false promises of love and support.

(1)

• Sometimes they are even kidnapped or abducted.

(1)

Utilizing a conservative estimate, a victim would be raped by 6,000 “Johns” during the course of her victimization* through prostitution.

(2)Based on a formula of 5 “Johns” per night, 5 nights per week, for 5 years. (2):They may be required to perform sex acts with up to 15 different “Johns” per night.Comparison Chart of Primary Sex Trafficking Networks in the U.S., Polaris Project (2011), available at https://na4.salesforce.com/sfc/play/index.jsp?d=6FuMhnn2HQpD2dARadzU1Ow7p6I%3D&viewId=05H60000000JrOi&v=06860000000HdKZ&oid=00D300000006E4S. Linda A. Smith, Samantha Healy Vardaman, Melissa A. Snow,

Shared hope Intl,

The National Report on Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking (2009), http://www.sharedhope.org/Portals/0/Documents/SHI_National_Report_on_DMST_2009.pdf. The “Purchase” Slide47

The Consumer: The Buyer

On average, they first bought sex at

21 years old

.

(1)

Age of first purchased sex experience ranges from ages

11 to 49. (1)Peer pressure was a primary reason they first bought sex. (1)Significantly more sex buyers (94%) than non-sex buyers

(54%) had visited a strip club.

(2) Frequent “Johns” are more

likely to be married/older.

(2)

Melissa Farley, Emily

Schuckman

, Jacqueline M. Golding, Kristen Houser, Laura Jarrett, Peter

Qualliotine

, Michele Decker,

Comparing Sex Buyers with Men Who Don’t Buy Sex: “You can have a good time with the servitude” vs. “You’re supporting a system of degradation”

(2011) at p. 14

Prostitution Research & Education

,

available at

http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/pdfs/Farleyetal2011ComparingSexBuyers.pdf.

Melissa Farley, Emily

Schuckman

, Jacqueline M. Golding, Kristen Houser, Laura Jarrett, Peter

Qualliotine

, Michele Decker,

Comparing Sex Buyers with Men Who Don’t Buy Sex: “You can have a good time with the servitude” vs. “You’re supporting a system of degradation”

(2011) at p. 16

Prostitution Research & Educ.

,

available at

http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/pdfs/Farleyetal2011ComparingSexBuyers.pdf.

Buying Sex: A Survey of Men in Chicago

(2004) at 1,

Chicago Coal. for the Homeless

,

available at

http://www.enddemandillinois.org/research.Slide48

The Consumer:

The Buyer

All ethnicities, races, socio-economic & educational backgrounds

(1

)

State/county employees, police, doctors, professors, soldiers, lawyers, pastors, students, etc.

(2)53% purchase sex <once a month (3) 99% are male (4)Age range: 18-89 years (4)Shared Hope International, Demand: A Comparative Examination of Sex Tourism and Trafficking in Jamaica, Japan, the Netherlands, and the United States, (2005-2007), available at http://sharedhope.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/DEMAND.pdf.

Victor

Malarek, The Johns: Sex for Sale and the Men Who Buy It, (2009), New York: Arcade Publishing.Rachel

Durchslag

& Samir

Goswami

,

Deconstructing the Demand for Prostitution: Preliminary Insights From Interviews with Chicago Men Who Purchase Sex

,

Chicago Alliance Against Sexual Exploitation

, (May, 2008), available at http://media.virbcdn.com/files/40/FileItem-149406-DeconstructingtheDemandForProstitution.pdf.

Shared Hope International,

Demanding Justice Project Benchmark Assessment

, (2013) available at http://sharedhope.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Demanding-Justice-Project-Benchmark-Assessment-Report-2013.pdf. Slide49

Shared Hope International,

Demanding Justice Project Benchmark Assessment

, (2013) available at http://sharedhope.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Demanding-Justice-Project-Benchmark-Assessment-Report-2013.pdf. See also Elizabeth

Scaife

,

The Sex Buyer: A Trafficker’s Accomplice,

Shared Hope International (Aug. 14-15, 2014) PowerPoint Presentation, Cook Co. Human Trafficking Task Force Conference.The Consumer: The Buyer Slide50

Preferential - seek “young” girls

Situational – females are available and vulnerable

Opportunistic – purchase sex indiscriminately

Shared Hope International,

Demand: A Comparative Examination of Sex Tourism and Trafficking in Jamaica, Japan, the Netherlands, and the United States

, (2005-2007), available at http://sharedhope.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/DEMAND.pdf. See also Elizabeth Scaife, The Sex Buyer: A Trafficker’s Accomplice, Shared Hope International (Aug. 14-15, 2014) PowerPoint Presentation, Cook Co. Human Trafficking Task Force Conference.

Types of BuyersSlide51

Over 80% say…

Jail time

Photo and/or name in the paper, on a billboard or posted online

Over 75% say…

A letter sent to your family

Suspending Driver’s License

General increase in penalties 70% said… Having their car impounded Rachel Durchslag & Samir Goswami

, Deconstructing the Demand for Prostitution: Preliminary Insights From Interviews with Chicago Men Who Purchase Sex

, Chicago Alliance Against Sexual Exploitation, (May, 2008), available at http://media.virbcdn.com/files/40/FileItem-149406-DeconstructingtheDemandForProstitution.pdf.

The Consumer –

What will make them stop?Slide52

The Consequences –

Medical

There are an estimated 19 million sexually transmitted infections in the U.S.

(1)

2012 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance, CDC

,

available at http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats10/trends.htm.Genital HPV Infection – Fact Sheet (2011), CDC,

available at

http://www.cdc.gov/STD/HPV/STDFact-HPV.htm Noting “HPV can infect areas that are not covered by a condom - so condoms may not fully protect against HPV”).

Human

Papillomavirus

Transmission not prevented

by condoms

(2)

STDs

Both

victims of sex trafficking and “Johns” are at risk of

contracting

STDs.

Gonorrhea

Over

700,000

new infections per

year in US.

Females usually asymptomatic carriers

(1)

Chlamydia

Most common STD, highest incidence in 15-19 year olds

(2)

Gonorrhea – CDC Fact Sheet

(2011),

CDC

,

available at

http://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/stdfact-gonorrhea.htm.

Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance

(2010) at 8,

CDC

,

available at

http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/.Slide53

STD

The law requires

you

to

disclose all

your

sexual contacts, and the State Board of Health will contact them.Few female commercial sex workers visit STD clinics because of discrimination, fear of legal consequences, loss of confidentialityMay give your partner a lethal as well as embarrassing disease: Liver cancerCervical cancerAntibiotic resistance is rising Infertility

The Consequences – MedicalSlide54

Disturbances to the peace

Screaming, fighting, loud cursing at night

Increased danger

Buyers propositioning residents or passersby

Pimps recruiting local females

“Drunks” and “addicts” sleeping in doorways

Increased health risks Condoms, syringes, broken bottles on sidewalks, in yards and local parks Illicit activity People engaged in sex acts in cars, alleys, doorways, etc. Increased crime Drug abuse and related violence Pimps assaulting victims Assaults or robberies on buyers 80% of sex buyers stated prostitution had an overall negative impact on communities, increasing crime and devaluing neighborhoods

The Consequences –

Impact on Communities

Michael Shively, Ph.D., Kristina

Kliorys

, & Dana Hunt, Ph.D.

A National Overview of Prostitution and Sex Trafficking Demand Reduction Efforts

,

U.S. Dept. of Justice

(June, 2012), available at https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/238796.pdf.

Rachel

Durchslag

& Samir

Goswami

,

Deconstructing the Demand for Prostitution: Preliminary Insights From Interviews with Chicago Men Who Purchase Sex

,

Chicago Alliance Against Sexual Exploitation

, (May, 2008), available at http://media.virbcdn.com/files/40/FileItem-149406-DeconstructingtheDemandForProstitution.pdf. Slide55

Commit to not participating in the commercial sex industry.

Take the Pledge:

To not purchase or participate in prostitution or the commercial sex industry

To hold friends accountable and demand their respect for women and children

To take action on behalf of those vulnerable to sex trafficking

Take part in creating cultural change.

Encourage education for youth on topics such as healthy relationships, self-identity, life skills…Support local organizations that serve victims of human traffickingOnly we can change the culture of toleration of human trafficking.What can YOU do?Slide56

If you believe someone is a victim of Human Trafficking….

911

Then…

National Human Trafficking Resource Center Hotline Number: 1-888-373-7888 or send a text to

BeFree (233733)

If a child may be in danger, the Indiana Child Abuse and

Neglect Hotline: 1-800-800-5556humantraffickingtip@atg.in.gov