PPT-Lecture 4: Mathematics of Decay and Units of Radioactivity

Unit I the Physics of Nuclear Medicine From Researchers Find Cancer in Ancient Egyptian Mummy The Cosmos News Retrieved 27 Aug 2012 from httpwwwcosmostvorg201201researchersfindcancerinancienthtml . University of Nebraska. SPRING 2009. 17 April 2009. What is the mass defect for iodine 131? . Given: . 1. H atom mass = 1.007825 . amu. , neutron mass = 1.008665 . amu. , . 131. I mass = 130.90612 . Radioactivity and quantitative geochronology. Radioactive decay. Marie . Skłodowska. -Curie. Explored spontaneous radioactivity. Shockingly dangerous chemical separations. to isolate and study heavy radioactive elements. Radioactivity. Science Park HS -- Honors Chemistry. Early Pioneers in Radioactivity. Roentgen:. Discoverer of X-rays 1895. Becquerel:. Discoverer of Radioactivity 1896. The Curies:. Discoverers of Radium and Polonium 1900-1908. Fourth lecture. Discovery of radio activity. Radioactivity was the first nuclear phenomenon to be discovered , the credit for this discovery goes to the French physicist Henri Becquerel (1896) .. Radioactivity . For . B.Sc. Chemistry (General), Part- I. By. Dr. . Kakoli. . Banerjee. Department of Chemistry. Aims and Objectives. Definition of Radioactivity . Discovery of Radioactivity- The Pioneers. Cause of Radioactivity- Nuclear Instability. Pierre Curie was already a famous scientist before he married Marie Sklodowska in 1895.  This famous couple did not only find true love, they also discovered radium and polonium.  For their groundbreaking research in radioactivity, the couple were awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics.  It was Marie Curie who coined the term "radioactivity", and in her honor, the 1910 Radiology Congress chose the curie as the basic unit of radioactivity.  Pierre died from being run over by a horse drawn wagon, but Marie continued their research, and was eventually awarded a second Nobel Prize, the 1911 prize for Chemistry.  She died in 1934, suffering from pernicious anemia which had undoubtedly been the result of years of radiation exposure.. Reserving. – . introduction I. .. One of the most important function of actuaries. . Every year-end closure there is a requirement to calculate reserves for future liabilities and grant the realistic P&L.. http://www.npl.co.uk/educate-explore/factsheets/ionising-radiation/. We’re surrounded by radioactivity everyday.. Some sources are natural and some sources are anthropogenic (human made.). We’re going to investigate some sources of natural radioactivity found in the environment.. Background Image courtesy of Dr. Bill Moore, Dept. of Radiology, Stony Brook Hospital. http://www.colin-studholme.net/research/ipag/mrdspect/mrspect3.html. http://www.mwit.ac.th/~Physicslab/applet_04/atom2/Alphae.gif. Individual risk model. Introduction. . For insurer there is essential to know the property of the distribution of future claims. We are trying to calculate the distribution of claim amount if there are given certain distribution. Chart of the Nuclides. General Layout. Each nuclide occupies a square in a grid where. Atomic number (Z) is plotted vertically. Number of neutrons (N) is plotted horizontally. Heavily bordered square at left side of each row gives. – What is it?. All substance are made of . atoms. . These have . electrons. (e) around the outside, and a . nucleus. in the middle. The nucleus consists of . protons. (p) and . neutrons. (n), and is extremely small. (Atoms are almost entirely made of empty space. Rate of Radioactive decay with units. Geiger-Muller Counter. An atom is composed of positively charged nucleus that is surrounded by. negatively charged electrons.. The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons = Atomic Number. Where: . A . = Activity after some time t.. A. o. . = Original activity of the sample.. t . = Decay time . λ = the radioactive decay constant equal to . The half-life equation can be also used for activity, simply by replacing the number of atoms .