Begins in New England Today we will explain how industrialization began in the New England states Vocabulary revolution a sudden and dramatic change factory system manufacturing process using many workers and machines in one building ID: 683041
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Slide1
Lesson
11.1a: Industrialization Begins in New England
Today we will explain how industrialization began in the New England states.Slide2
Vocabulary revolution – a sudden and dramatic changefactory system – manufacturing process using many workers and machines in one buildingSlide3
Check for UnderstandingWhat are we going to do today?Describe a revolution that is going on in our lives today.
Give an example of a product that is made using the factory system.Slide4
What We Already Know
Farming in New England was difficult, so New Englanders turned to other ways to make their living, such as commerce and shipbuilding.Slide5
What We Already Know
For decades, western Americans had floated their goods to market by using the Mississippi River as their highway.Slide6
What We Already Know
Because the British blockade kept imported goods from reaching U.S.
shores, American manufacturing grew dramatically during the War of 1812.Slide7
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain during the late 1700s.
What was the
Industrial
Revolution? Slide8
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain during the late 1700s.
The Industrial Revolution was a time when factory machines replaced hand tools and large-scale manufacturing replaced farming as the main form of work. Slide9
Check for Understanding
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
A ask B: What was the Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution was a time when factory machines replaced hand tools and large-scale manufacturing replaced farming as the main form of work. Slide10
Before the Industrial Revolution, women spun thread and wove cloth at home in cottage industries. Slide11
The spinning jenny and the power loom allowed unskilled workers , who were often children, to produce more cloth, more quickly.Slide12
Power looms spin raw cotton into yarn and weave it into cloth.Slide13
The factory system brought many workers and machines together under one roof.
Most factories were built near a source of water to power the machines.Slide14
Check for Understanding
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
B ask A – What was the factory system?
The factory system brought many workers and machines together under one roof.Slide15
Occupations changed during the Industrial Revolution.
Large-scale manufacturing replaced farming as the main form of work.Slide16
People left their farms and crowded into cities where the factories were. Slide17
They worked for wages, on a set schedule.
Their lives changed, and not always for the better.Slide18
Investors began to invest in new American industries instead of spending money on shipping and trade.Slide19
Americans took advantage of the free enterprise system to start manufacturing their own goods.
The free enterprise system allows individuals to start businesses and compete for profits, enabling American businessmen to build their own factories and grow wealthier.Slide20
Factories Come to New England
New England was a good place to set up factories for several reasons.
New England had many fast-moving rivers to supply power.Slide21
New England had ships and access to the ocean for transporting goods.Slide22
New England had a willing labor force in the families who were tired of scraping a living from their stony fields.Slide23
Samuel Slater brought the textile industry to the United States.
Samuel Slater smuggled plans for a textile mill into the country from England.
He built his first spinning mill in Rhode Island in 1790 and a larger mill later.Slide24
He employed whole families, paying them a low wage. His family system spread through Rhode Island, Connecticut, and southern Massachusetts.Slide25
Check for Understanding
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
A ask B: Where were the first American factories built?
The first American factories were built in New England.Slide26
Who was Samuel Slater?
Check for Understanding
Samuel Slater built the first spinning mill in Rhode Island.Slide27
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide28
4. Why were the first U.S. factories located in New England?
New England had good shipping and transportation. New England had many slaves to work.New England had a tradition of manufacturing.
New England had streams for water power.
New England had many wealthy farmers willing to invest.
New England had a willing labor force.
Choose all that are true!Slide29
The Lowell Mills Hire Women
In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory in Waltham, Massachusetts.
This factory spun cotton into yarn and wove it into cloth on power looms.
Lowell had seen power looms in English mills and copied their design for his Waltham factory.Slide30
The factory was so successful that Lowell built a new factory town in Massachusetts and named it for himself.Slide31
Check for Understanding
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
A ask B: What product did the Lowell mills manufacture?
The Lowell mills manufactured textiles.Slide32
Instead of families, the Lowell textile mills employed farm girls who lived in company-owned boardinghouses.
The “Lowell girls” worked 12-hour days in deafening noise.
The Lowell Mills Hire WomenSlide33
At first, wages were high – between two and four dollars a week. The girls received a basic education and were strictly supervised until they married and left the mill.
The Lowell Mills Hire WomenSlide34
The Lowell Mills Hire Women
By the 1830s, falling profits meant that wages dropped and working conditions worsened.Slide35
Factories began to be powered by more powerful steam engines.
Steam engines began using coal and wood, meaning factories could be built away from rivers and beyond New England.Slide36
Check for Understanding
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
A ask B: What replaced water as the power source in later factories?
Steam replaced water as the power source in later factories.Slide37
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide38
5. Who worked in the Lowell mills?New England farm girls
Lowell’s friends and relativesSkilled craftsmenThe mill owners themselvesSlide39
A New Way to Manufacture
In 1798, the U.S. government hired the inventor Eli Whitney to make 10,000 muskets for the army.
At that time, guns were made one at a time by gunsmiths, from start to finish. Slide40
Whitney introduced the use of interchangeable parts – parts that were exactly alike – to make production faster and to make repairs easy. Interchangeable parts also allowed the use of lower-paid and less-skilled workers.
A New Way to ManufactureSlide41
B ask A: How
did interchangeable parts change manufacturing?
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
Check for UnderstandingSlide42
Interchangeable parts changed manufacturing by speeding up production, making repairs easier, and allowing the use of lower-paid, less-skilled workers.
Check for UnderstandingSlide43
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide44
6. How did Eli Whitney change manufacturing?
He smuggled plans for a mechanized factory out of England.
He developed an industrial assembly process using interchangeable parts.
He convinced poor Irish workers to immigrate to the United States.
He persuaded New England farmers to allow their daughters to work in his mills.Slide45
Moving People, Goods, and Messages
New inventions improved transportation and communication.
Steamboats carried people and goods farther and faster and led to the growth of cities like New Orleans and St. Louis.Slide46
Moving People, Goods, and Messages
Robert Fulton invented a steamboat that could move against the current or strong wind.
In 1807, he launched the
Clermont
on the Hudson River.
But steamships were still unable to sail upstream.Slide47
Henry Miller Shreve improved on Fulton’s idea.
He designed a more powerful engine and installed it on a double-decker boat with a paddle wheel in the back.
The stern-wheeler launched a new era of trade and trans-
portation
on the Mississippi River.Slide48
Moving People, Goods, and Messages
In 1837, Samuel F. B. Morse demonstrated the telegraph.
This invention allowed messages to travel between cities in seconds.
By 1861, telegraph lines spanned the country.Slide49
Moving People, Goods, and Messages
Telegraph lines and steamships helped bring people from different parts of the country closer together.
These inventions increased national unity.Slide50
A ask B: Who was Robert Fulton?
Check for Understanding
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!Slide51
Robert Fulton invented a steamboat that could move using a steam engine to turn two side paddle wheels.
Check for UnderstandingSlide52
Check for Understanding
Who
introduced steamboats to the Mississippi River
?
Henry Miller
Shreves
introduced steamboats to the Mississippi River
.Slide53
Check for Understanding
Who invented the first telegraph?
Samuel F.B. Morse invented the first telegraph.
How did the telegraph change communication in the United States?
The telegraph made it possible to communicate with someone in another city in seconds.Slide54
How did advances in communication and transportation change America?Advances in communication brought people closer as a nation, bringing more national unity.
Check for UnderstandingSlide55
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide56
7. How did Robert Fulton and Samuel F.B. Morse improve national unity?Morse invented a steamboat that could move against the current.
Fulton invented a telegraph that could carry messages using pulses of electricity.Morse’s invention made it easier to communicate across great distances.
Their inventions made it easier for Northerners and Southerners to do business.
Fulton’s invention led to the growth of cities like New Orleans and St. Louis.
Choose all that are true!Slide57
Technology Improves Farming
Several inventions increased farm production in the United States.
In 1836, John Deere invented a light-weight plow with a steel cutting edge. Slide58
Technology Improves FarmingBefore Deere introduced his steel plow, most farmers used iron or wooden plows.
The heavy Midwestern soil stuck to these plows and had to be cleaned very frequently.
The smooth sided steel plow solved this problem.
As a result, more farmers began moving to the Midwest.Slide59
Technology Improves Farming
In 1834, Cyrus McCormick invented a reaper to cut ripe grain.Slide60
Technology Improves Farming
The threshing machine
was invented to separate
kernels of wheat from husks.Slide61
New inventions help to create national unity.The new farming equip–ment helped Midwestern farmers feed Northeastern factory workers.
Midwestern farmers became a market for the goods manufactured in the Northeast. Northeastern textile mills increased the need for Southern cotton.Slide62
Check for UnderstandingWho was John Deere?John Deere invented a lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge.Slide63
How did the steel plow improve agriculture?
The steel plow improved agriculture by making it easier for farmers to prepare ground in the heavy Midwestern soil.
Deere’s
new plow made it possible for more farmers to move west.Slide64
What two other inventions improved agriculture?
Cyrus McCormick’s mechanical reaper cut ripe grain. Slide65
The threshing machine separated kernels of wheat from husks.Slide66
How were different U.S. regions linked economically?New farming equipment helped Midwestern farmers feed Northeastern factory workers.
Midwestern farmers became a market for the goods manufactured in the Northeast. Northeastern textile mills increased the need for Southern cotton.Slide67
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide68
8. How did John Deere and Cyrus McCormick strengthen the economic connection between the Midwest and New England?Their inventions made it easier for Midwestern farmers to feed Northeastern factory workers.
He invented a steamboat that could move against the current.Their inventions strengthened the economic connection between Northeastern factory workers and Southern plantation owners.
Their inventions strengthened the economic connection between American farmers and South American manufacturers.