What is social cognition How is it different from social psych and cognitive psych Effortful then automatic then motivated tactician Then applied to different areas like relationships Then social cog neuroscience ID: 418820
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Slide1
Social CognitionSlide2
Basic questions
What does social cognition include?
How do automatic and controlled processes differ?
Figure 4.1 in book
What does Fiske offer as automatic categories for judgments and stereotypes?
How do we test for automaticity?
What are dual process theories? Examples?
What do researchers mean by saying that humans are “motivated tacticians”?Slide3
Schemas
Bartlett, 1932
What is a schema?
When do people use schemas?
What do we have them on?
How do they affect social cognition? Slide4
Judgment/Heuristics
Tversky
&
Kahneman
(1973)
Representativeness
Counterfactuals (simulation)
Availability
Anchoring and adjustment
What are some reasons we make these mistakes?Slide5
Impression formation (Inference)
Warm vs. cold, intellective
Fiske stereotype content model
Anderson (1968) information integration model
Thin slices of behavior
Why does negative info have more weight?Slide6
Normative theories of attribution
Heider
(1958) Internal vs. external attribution
Jones and Davis (1965) correspondent inference theory
Kelley (1967; 1973) covariation theorySlide7
Attributional errors
FAE (Ross, 1977)
Actor-observer effect (Jones &
Nisbett
, 1972)
Self-serving biases
Taylor and Brown (1988) positive illusionsSlide8
Weiner’s (1985) attribution theory
Achievement, stigma
Locus
Stability
Controllability (global)
Optimistic vs. pessimistic attributional styleSlide9
Priming
What does Fiske say about priming and replication?
Old people primes
Power posing
Money primes
Embodied social cognition
How do primes work in the “real world”? Slide10
Vohs (2015)
Money—what does it prime?
How has it been manipulated?
What effects does it have?Slide11
Caruso, Vohs
, Baxter,
Waytz
, 2013
Money as symbol of free market
E1: 30 adults from study pool. Money in background = more SJ
E2: 168 study pool. Scrambles = more BJW
E3: 80 in dining hall. Scrambles = more SDO
E4: 275
mTurk
. Image = more free market endorsementSlide12
Rohrer, Pashler
, & Harris, 2015
Curious---
Effect sizes huge (.80 vs. .20)
Priming lasted a long time (several minutes)
Lots of the p values just slightly below .05
Emailed authors
Vohs
: 2 additional studies, 19 additional variables
Caruso: 4 additional studies, 2 additional variables
Remember Many Labs? Slide13
So they replicated Caruso et al.Slide14
Or at least tried toSlide15
Why didn’t it replicate?
Rohrer et al.
Measurement error
Too little power
Demand effects
Procedural differences
Type I error in originals
Vohs
Different populations (hidden moderators)
Priming different things (different meanings of money)
Money may prime agency rather than free marketSlide16
Motivated social cogniition
Kunda
(1987)
Examples?
What are some problems with having more information available to us, according to Hills (2019)?
Why do people tend to choose belief-consistent information?
Why do lies spread more quickly?
How does our preference for social information affect how we think?
Table 1
What are some implications of these findings? Slide17
System Justification Theory (Jost
and colleagues)
What is some of the background behind this theory?
What does SJT
predit
?
Six types of false consciousness beliefs—how do people show these?
Denial of injustice
Thinking there is no chance for change
Rationalizing social roles
Incorrect attributions of blame
Identification with high status
Resistance to social changeSlide18
SJT
When is SJ more likely?
What needs does it address? How?
Is this a good or bad thing for those who do it? Slide19
How is SJT similar and different from:
Social identity theory
Social dominance theory
Belief in a just world
Cognitive dissonance
Would system justification occur outside the US? Would it differ by culture? Slide20
SJ and collective action (Jost
et al., 2017)
Why do people choose or not to protest?
Social identity model of collective action (
Zomeren
,
Postmes
, & Spears, 2008)
Figure 1—what does it predict?
What does SJT add to this approach?
Becker & Wright (2011) benevolent sexism led to more SJ and less CA
Figure 7
How does this apply to recent examples of collective action?
Cichocka
&
Jost
(2014) footnote 3Slide21
Emotional contagion
Is emotional contagion automatic or controlled?
Emotional mimicry
Affective feedback
Facial feedback -- Pen in mouth study (
Strack
)
Vocal feedback
Postural feedback
What is new in the approach by
Wrobel
&
Imbir
, 2019? Slide22
Next week
Prejudice
Book chapters
Crandall &
Eshleman
, 2003 JSM
Barreto
& Ellmers, 2015. AESP (skim)
Gawronski
, 2019 on implicit