P eriodic Ta ble Made by the RISE Team Section 1 The Development Part 1 Dmitri Mendeleev Invented by Dmitri Mendeleev a Russian chemist He used the previously known laws of the triads and octaves to create his own periodic table ID: 549305
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The Periodic Table
Made by the RISE TeamSlide2
Section 1: The DevelopmentPart 1: Dmitri MendeleevInvented by Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist
He used the previously known laws of the triads and octaves to create his own periodic table. Also, the elements he predicted were being discovered.
His periodic table proved to be the blueprint for the periodic table we have now. The element Mendelevium with atomic number 101 has been named after him . MendeleviumSlide3
Dmitri Mendeleev: His Early LifeBorn in 1834 in Siberia, Russia and had more than 10 siblings.
His father was a teacher of fine arts, politics and philosophy and his mother didn’t work.
When he was young his father became blind and lost his job. His mother was forced to work in a glass factory which soon burnt down. Due to all of this, their family moved to Moscow, then St Petersburg. He attended the Main Pedagogical Institute in St Petersburg in 1850.Slide4
Dmitri Mendeleev: Discovery of the Periodic TableIn 1863, there were about 55 elements known to man; An element was approximately being discovered each year.
Many people had tried to make the Periodic Table before Mendeleev but were unsuccessful.Even though, there were still periodic laws which were the Law of the Octaves and the Law of the Triads which were in use.
When Dmitri Mendeleev started to make these he was unaware that many who had tried to make the table had failed. On March 1869, he showed his Periodic Table to the scientific world.Slide5
The Early Periodic Table by Dmitri MendeleevSlide6
Dmitri Mendeleev: Creation of the Periodic TableThe Periodic Table was created on the basis of atomic number and valence. When arranged according to their atomic mass some show sequences where the elements have similar properties.
The elements closest either have a large rise in the atomic number (down a group) or go up in ones (in the periods). The elements which are most widely diffused have the lightest atomic weight.
More elements would be found to complete the tableHe named his foretold elements example eka-aluminium or eka-silicon. He was proved right about more elements when Gallium (Ga) and Germanium (Ge) were foundSlide7
How does the Mendeleev’s TABLE differ from the modern Periodic Table?Slide8
Dmitri Mendeleev: Later LifeAfter formulating the periodic table in St Petersburg, he researched on the combinations of water with alcohol.He was widely honoured by all scientific communities in Europe. He had 2 sons and 2 daughters all who reached very high positions in society.
In 1893, he was appointed Director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures in which he set standards for the production of vodka. He also investigated the composition of crude oil and helped start the first oil refinery in Russia. He also made petrochemicals more famous. He was nominated for the Nobel prize for Chemistry.
He died in 1907 at 72 from influenza. Slide9
Section 2: Introduction to some scientific words. Slide10
Atomic Number ( Proton Number)The Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. Atoms contain protons, neutrons and electrons.Neutrons have no charge and a relative mass of 1.Electrons have a negative charge and a relative mass of 0.0005.
Protons have a positive charge and a relative mass of 1.There are the same number of protons as electrons in an atom.
The Atomic Number is used to order elements in the periodic table and is used for chemical formulae. Slide11
Atomic MassThe atomic mass is the number of neutrons and protons in a nucleus of an atom. It relies on the abundance and number of isotopes. Electrons are not used in this because they are too light. This is used with the atomic number to find the number of neutrons in an atom.Slide12
Section 3 : The Alkali MetalsAlkali metals are on the left edge of the periodic table having only one electron in their outer shell.Slide13
Part 1: The ElementsLithium Lithium (Li) has an atomic number of 3 and is a soft , silver-white metal. It has an atomic mass of around 7.
Under standard conditions, it is the lightest and least dense solid element.It is stored under oil because it is highly flammable and reactive. When cut the surface displays a metallic lustre which slowly corrodes and turns grey and then black. It does not occur freely in nature.
Lithium is used for nuclear weapons and nuclear fusion. It also has uses in batteries and cell phones. It is not vital for life. It has a melting point of 180.5 °C and a boiling point of 1342 °C.Slide14
Sodium Sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11 and is soft and silver white. It has an atomic mass of around 23.It only occurs in nature in compounds and is retrieved economically in electrolysis of salt (NaCl). It is the sixth most abundant element in Earth’s crust.
It has a melting point of 97°C and a boiling point of 882 °C.It has compounds used in the soap industry and is vital for all animals and some plants.
The element is also stored under oil due to its high flammability. Slide15
PotassiumPotassium (K) has an atomic number of 19 and is soft and silver-white. It is very reactive and highly flammable. It has an atomic mass of around 39. The element oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts with water to generate enough heat to burn the hydrogen released. It must be stored under oil.It is very chemically similar to sodium and is made into its pure form in electrolysis.
Potassium is vital for all life and shortages can result in cardiac problems. Potassium has a melting point of 63.5 °C and a boiling point of 759 °C.Slide16
Rubidium Caesium FranciumRubidium (Rb) has an atomic number of 37 and is soft and silver-white. It has an atomic mass of 85.Caesium (Cs) has an atomic number of 55 and is gold-silver. It has an atomic mass of 133.
Francium has an atomic number 87 and has an atomic mass of 223.These elements are not used a lot due to their rareness and radioactivity. We still do not know much about them.
Francium is one of the most rare natural elements on Earth. All those elements are very reactive with a very rapid oxidization in air and must be kept under oil. Slide17
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