The role of gravity in mental rotation and perspectivetaking a preliminary study Nicolas Meirhaeghe MS ISAESupaéro Claudine Mélan PhD Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès CLLELTC ID: 773714
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The role of gravity in mental rotation and perspective-taking : a preliminary studyNicolas Meirhaeghe (M.S.), ISAE-SupaéroClaudine Mélan (Ph.D.), Université Toulouse Jean-Jaurès, CLLE-LTCToulouse, France E uropean Workshop on Imagery and Cognition (EWIC 2016)
BACKGROUNDJune 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition2
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition3Mental Rotation Definition : Ability to perform the mental reorientation of an object (including the self) w.r.t. the environment Allocentric : “ object -based ” Egocentric : “body-based” Two different “strategies”
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition4Mental Rotation Allocentric : “object-based” Egocentric : “body-based” 2 distinct abilities both at neural ( e.g . Zacks et al. , 1999 ) and behavioral ( e.g . Huttenlocher & Presson , 1973 ) level Depends on gravity?
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition5Mental Rotation Allocentric : “object-based” Egocentric : “body-based” Depends on gravity? Dissociate role of gravity ? [ Clément et al. , 1987 ; Matsakis et al. , 1992 ; Harm et al. , 1993 ; Leone et al. , 1995 ; Grabherr et al. , 2007 ; Grabherr & Mast , 2010 ]
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition6Mental RotationAllocentric Performance Rotation angle (°) Response time (s) 45° 90° 135° 180° Linear Profile [e.g. Shepard & Metzler (1971); Zacks & al. (2000)]
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition7Mental RotationEgocentric Performance Rotation angle (°) Response time (s) 45° 180° 90° 135° Flat Profile [e.g. Parsons (1987); Zacks & al. (2000)]
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition8Mental Rotation Allocentric : “object-based” Egocentric : “body-based” [ Zacks & al. (2003)] [ Zacks & al. (2003)] Right parietal activation Left PTO activation Two separate abilities in which gravity may play a different role ? [ Clément et al. , 1987 ; Matsakis et al. , 1992 ; Harm et al. , 1993 ; Leone et al. , 1995 ; Grabherr et al. , 2007 ; Grabherr & Mast , 2010 ]
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition9Perspective-Taking Definition : Ability to picture an object from a different view point Spatial Social Two different “levels” [e.g. Dumontheil et al. (2010)] + use of ToM Egocentric operation
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition10 Perspective-Taking SpatialSocial Impact of gravity extend to social component ?
OBJECTIVESJune 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition11
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition12Objectives Task 1 : Mental rotationTask 2 : Perspective-taking Challenge n°1 : engage both abilities using the same experimental materials
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition13Objectives Task 1 : Mental rotationTask 2 : Perspective-taking Challenge n°2 : measure the specific effects of perturbing gravity 1g 1g 0g 0g
METHODJune 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition14
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition15Mental rotation task 2 critical parametersDegree of perspective change ( 0° to 360°)Degree of pointing direction (0° to 360°) Ref Axis Persp Axis Point Axis Engage both allocentric/egocentric mental rotation abilities “ Imagine you are standing at the blue arrow, looking in the direction of the blue dot. Report the direction in which the red dot appears. ” Hypothesis : Performance in 0g Allocentric ( ) Egocentric ( ) [Kozhevnikov & Hegarty (2001)]
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition16 Perspective-taking task 2 critical parametersDegree of spatial perspective (0° or 180°)Order of social perspective (1st or 2nd) ( 2 secondary parameters ) Object redundancy ( single or redundant ) Movement direction ( vertical or horizontal ) … … ? ? 0° 180° 1 st 2 nd “ Listen to the instruction. Report the movement either desired or interpreted. ”
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition17 2 critical parameters Degree of spatial perspective (0° or 180°)Order of social perspective (1st or 2nd)Engage both spatial/social perspective-taking abilities “ Listen to the instruction. Report the movement either desired or interpreted. ” Hypothesis : Performance in 0g Spatial ( ) Social ( ) Perspective-taking task [ Keysar & al. (2000) ; Dumontheil et al. (2010)]
PRELIMINARY RESULTS (in 1g on 18 healthy participants)June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition18
June 6, 201619Mental rotation task Response Time (s) Perspective Angle (°)Allocentric Egocentric N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition Allocentric
June 6, 201620Mental rotation task N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition ( Anova ) Ego - Allo Symmetry axis ( Monte-Carlo) Response Time (s) Perspective Angle (°)
June 6, 201621Mental rotation task N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition ( Anova ) Ego - Allo Response Time (s) Perspective Angle (°)
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition22Perspective-taking task Spatial persp. Social persp . Response Time (s) Condition Type (degree – order of perspective) Control
DISCUSSIONJune 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition23
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition24DISCUSSION Mental rotation taskPerspective-taking taskStudy of allo & ego mental rotation using same material, same instructionsKozhevnikov & Hegarty (2001) hypothesis confirmed in a systematic fashionResponse Times profiles as reliable strategy indicators on indiv. basis Study of spatial & social perspective-taking using same material, same instructions Ecological design (realistic operational context) One of the rare tests of social perspective in adults (non verbal ToM ) Might successfully show dissociate role of gravity in mental rotation and perspective- taking
EXPECTED RESULTS(in 0g)June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition25
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition26 Expected Results in 0g Mental rotation taskPerspective-taking taskG round (1g) Flight (0g) Ego - Allo Social persp . Spatial persp .
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition27Acknowledgments This research was supported by the French Space Agency, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, CNES
June 6, 2016N. Meirhaeghe & C. Mélan - European Workshop on Imagery and Cognition28References Clément, G., Berthoz, A., & Lestienne , F. (1987). Adaptive changes in perception of body orientation and mental image rotation in microgravity. Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 58, A159-163.Dumontheil, I., Küster, O., Apperly, I. A., & Blakemore, S-J. (2010). Taking perspective into account in a communicative task. NeuroImage , 52, 1574-83 . Grabherr , L., Karmali , F., Bach, S., Indermaur , K., Metzler, S., & Mast, F. W. (2007). J. Vestib . Res. , 17 , 279-287. Grabherr , L., & Mast, F. W. (2010). Effects of microgravity on cognition: The case of mental imagery. J. Vestib . Res., 20, 53-60 .Harm, D. L., & Parker, D. E. (1993). Perceived self-orientation and self-motion in microgravity, after landing and during preflight adaptation training. J. Vestib. Res. , 3, 297-305 .Huttenlocher, J., & Presson, C. C. (1973). Mental rotation and the perspective problem. Cognitive Psychology, 4, 277–299. Keysar , B., Barr, D. J., Balin , J. A., & Brauner , J. S. (2000). Taking perspective in conversation: the role of mutual knowledge in comprehension. Psychological Science , 11 , 32-38 . Kozhevnikov, M., & Hegarty, M. (2001). A dissociation between object-manipulation spatial ability and spatial orientation ability. Memory and Cognition , 29 , 745–756 . Leone, G., Lipshits , M., Gurfinkel , V., & Berthoz, A. (1995). Is there an effect of weightlessness on mental rotation of three- dimensional objects? Brain Res Cogn Brain Res , 2 , 255–267 . Matsakis , Y., Lipshits , M., Gurfinkel , V., & Berthoz, A. (1992). Effects of prolonged weightlessness on mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Exp. Brain Res. , 94 , 152-162 . Parsons, L. M. (1987). Imagined spatial transformation of one’s body. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 116 , 172–191 . Shepard, R. N., & Metzler, J. (1971). Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science , 171 , 701-703 . Zacks , J. M., Mires, J., Tversky , B., & Hazeltine , E. (2000). Mental spatial transformations of objects and perspective. Spatial Cognition and Computation , 2 , 315–332 . Zacks , J. M., Vettel , J. M., & Michelon , P. (2003). Imagined viewer and object rotations dissociated with event-related fMRI. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 15 , 1002-18.