Tumors of eye Orbital tumors - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Tumors of eye

Orbital tumors

Begin Dermoid cystMucoceleHemangiomaLymphangioma

Malignant rabdomyosarcoma

Benign tumors of the orbit

can develop from infancy and grow rapidly or slowly

It can be superficial and easily identifiable by external presentation, palpation and x – rays or CT scan

Symptoms

–

proptosis

can been seen, visual impairment

Examples

–

dermoid

cysts,

mucocele

,

hemangiomas

,

lymphangiomas

,

lacrimal

tumors and

neurofibromas

Mucocele

– any dilatation with accumulation of mucus

Dermoid

cyst – overgrowth of normal, noncancerous tissues comprised of skin, hair and fat

Lymphangiomas

– malformations of the lymphatic system

Hemangiomas

Treatment – excision or resection (removal of a portion or all of an organ) and dissection.

Malignant tumors of the orbit

Rhabdomyosarcoma

(RMS)

is the most common

It is a type of sarcoma (cancer of connective tissues)

Symptoms

–

sudden painless

proptosis

of one eye followed by lid swelling,

conjunctival

chemosis

, and impairment of ocular motility

Treatment

– surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy

Eye lid tumors

Benign

Nevus (plural - nevi)HemangiomasMiliaXanthelasmaMolluscum contagiousum

Malignant Basel cell carcinomaSquamus cell carcinomaMalignant melanoma

Benign tumors of the eyelids

Nevus

– sharp circumscribed and chronic lesions of the skin or mucosa

Hemangiomas

–tumor of the endothelial cells(which lines the blood vessels) that may be bright, superficial, strawberry red lesions or bluish and purplish deeper lesions

Milia

– milk spot or oil seed - keratin filled cyst, small, white, slightly elevated cysts of the eyelid

Xanthelasma

– yellowish, lipid deposits on both lids near the inner angle of the eye

Molluscum

contagiosum

– it’s a viral infection involves mucous membranes caused by poxvirus. The lesions are flesh colored

Treatment

–

Corticosteroid injection to the

hemangioma

Astringent (silver nitrate,

pottasium

permanganate, zinc oxide)chemicals applied to the surface of

molluscum

lesions

Surgical excision

Electrocautery

–

also known as thermal

cautery

in which direct current is passes through a electrode to the affected area and destruct the unwanted cells.

Malignant tumors of the eyelid

Basal cell carcinoma – most common Painless nodule that may ulcerateLesion may invasive, spreads to the surrounding tissues, grows slowly but does not metastasizeUsually appear on the lower lid margin near the inner canthus with pearly white margin

Squamous cell carcinoma – less frequentResemble basal cell carcinomaGrows slowly and painlesslyUlcerate and invade the surrounding tissuesIt can metastasize to the regional lymph nodesMalignant melanoma –type of skin cancer which forms from melanocytes (pigment containing cells in the skin)can arise form neviSpreads to the surrounding tissues and metastasizes to other organs

Treatment

Excision of these carcinomas followed by reconstruction with skin grafting

Conjunctiva – tumors

BenignConjunctival nevusDermolipomaPapillomas

MalignantConjunctival carcinomaMalignant melanoma

Benign tumors of the conjunctiva

Conjunctival nevus Congenital, benign neoplasmIt is flat, slightly elevated, brown spot that becomes pigmentedDermolipoma- congenital tumor – smooth, rounded growth of fatty tissue in the conjunctiva near the lateral canthusPapillomas – soft irregular projections which appear on the lid margins Treatment – surgical excision

Malignant tumors of the conjunctiva

Conjunctival carcinoma – gelatinous and whitish due to keratin formationThey grow gradually and there will be deep invasionMetastasis is rareMalignant melanoma – rare but arise from pre- existing nevusTreatment – surgical incision and excisionRadiation therapy, chemotherapy, cryotherapy – uses cryoprob to freezes and thus destroying the unwanted cells

Globe – tumors

Malignant Retinoblastoma Occular melanoma

Malignant tumors of the globe

Retinoblastoma

– occurs in childhood and hereditary

Initial

leukocoria

or white pupil with peculiar light

reflection

and possible strabismus

Associated with

Uveitis

, glaucoma,

hyphema

(pooling of blood inside the anterior chamber of the eye),

nystagmus

, and

periorbital

cellulitis

Treatment -

enucleation

Ocular melanoma

Rare, malignant

choroidal

tumor

Blurred vision, change in eye color

Metastatic to liver, lung and breast

Treatment

–

enucleation

Laser therapy, RadiotherapyEnucleation, Evisceration ,ExenterationIridectomy - Removal of the affected piece of the irisChoroidectomy - Removal of the choroid layer (the vascular tissue layer between the sclera and the retina)Iridocyclectomy - Removal of the iris plus the ciliary body muscle.Eyewall resection - Cutting into the eye to remove a tumor e.g. melanoma. This operation can be quite difficult to perform.Chemotherapy

Treatment