preparation structure session Meeting 2 Prepared by Brahma putra pratama The verb phrase Simple present tense To indicate a regular or habitual action and condition Structure John walks to school every day ID: 657979
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Slide1
Bahasa inggris 2toefl preparation(structure session)
Meeting
2
Prepared by
Brahma
putra
pratamaSlide2
The verb phraseSlide3
Simple present tense
To indicate a regular or habitual action and condition.
Structure:
(+) John walks to school every day.
(-) John does not walk to school every day.
(?) Does John walk to school every day?
Examples:
They
understand
the problem
now.
(condition)
Henry
always
swims
in the evening. (habitual action)
Your cough
sounds
bad. (condition) Slide4
present continuous tense
To indicate ongoing action and future time.
Structure:
(+) John is eating fried chicken now.
(-) John is not eating fried chicken now.
(?) Is John eating fried chicken now?
Examples:
The committee members
are
examining
the material
now
. (ongoing action)
George
is
leaving
for France
tomorrow
. (future time)
The secretary
is
typing
the letter
now
. (ongoing action) Slide5
present Perfect tense
To indicate action happening at an indefinite time in the past, happening more than once in the past, and beginning in the past and is still occurring in the present
Structure:
(+) John has walked to school several times .
(-) John has not walked to school several times.
(?) Has John walked to school several times?
Examples:
John
has traveled
around the world. (indefinite time in the past, we don’t know when)
George
has seen
this movie
three times
.
(
happening more than once in the past)
John
has lived
in the house
for 20 years
. (
beginning in the past and is still occurring in the present
)
For/Since:
for
+ duration of time
since
+ beginning
timeSlide6
present Perfect tense
Yet/Already
To indicate something has happened or hasn’t happened. Often used with present perfect.
already
affirmative
sentences
We have already written our reports.
Gabriel has already read the book.
Sam has already recorded the conversation.
yet
negative sentences and
questions
We haven’t written our reports yet.
The president hasn’t decided what to do yet.
John has yet to learn the material.
We have yet to decide what to with the money.Slide7
Simple past tense
To indicate
a completed action happening at one specific time in the past.
Structure:
(+) John
went to Spain last year
.
(-) John
did not go to Spain last year.
(?)
Did John go to Spain last year
?
Examples:
Bob
bought
a new bicycle
yesterday
.
Maria
did
her homework
last
night
.
Mark
washed
the dishes
after
dinner
. Slide8
past continuous tense
To indicate
an action which was occurring in the past and was interrupted by another action.
Examples:
When
Mark
came
home, Martha
was watching
TV.
Martha
was watching
TV
when
Mark
came
home.
To indicate two actions occurring at the sam
e time in the past.
Examples:
Martha
was watching
TV
while
John
was reading
a book.
While
John
was reading
a book, Martha
was watching
TV.
To indicate an action which was occurring at some specific time in the past.
Martha
was watching
TV
at seven o’clock last night
.
What
were
you
doing
at one o’clock this afternoon
?
While
Martha
was watching
TV, John
read
a book.
possible but not common.Slide9
past perfect tenseTo indicate
an action that happened before/after another action in the past.
Examples:
John
had gone
to the store
before
he
went
home.
John
went
home
after
he
had gone
to the store.
Before
John
went
home, he
had gone
to the store.
After
John
had gone
to the store, he
went
home.
To indicate a state which continued for a time in the past, but stopped before now
.
Examples:
Abdu
had lived
in New York
for ten years
before
he
moved
to
California.