Chapter 7 Spanish Colonial Era - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Chapter 7

Spanish Colonial EraSlide2

Lesson 1: Louisiana Becomes a Spanish Colony

• 1762: Louisiana transferred to Spain by France (during French & Indian War)

– Accomplished with secret Treaty of

Fountainebleu

– Money and military aid needed from Spain

• New colony – expensive for Spain to operate

– Huge military expense

• New colony – a strategic location for Spain (Control of the

Mississippi RiverSlide3

The Acadians

The Acadians – exiles from French Acadia– Peasants coming from France to Canada (1632)

– Hard-working trappers & farmers

– Valued land, family, Catholic faith

• 1755: Acadians evicted from their land

– Accused by British officer of refusal to take oath of allegiance to Protestant British King

– Sent to British colonies on Atlantic CoastSlide4

The Acadians

• 1764: Arrival of first Acadian group in Louisiana Given supplies from government warehouses

Sent to live in

Attakapa

region

Raised livestock on prairies

Increased in numbers in colony

• Present-day Louisiana –

home to descendants of AcadiansSlide5

The Secret Transfer

• Government official sent by French to transfer colony to Spain (1763)

– Transfer kept as secret from colonists

– French officials waiting for arrival of Spanish

• September 30, 1764: official announcement regarding transfer of

colony from France to Spain

– Colonists bitter about betrayal of France

– Leader (Jean

Milhet

) selected to urge France to keep Louisiana He and Bienville try to persuade the officials not to give up LouisianaSlide6

Arrival of the Spanish Governor

• Antonio de Ulloa – sent by Spain to

Louisiana as 1st Spanish governor (1766)

– Little ability as forceful leader

– Rule as governor confusing to colonists

• Unpopular changes made by Ulloa

– Worked with French officials to conduct business of colony

– Tried to impose Spanish trade rules on colonySlide7

The Rebellion

• 1768: Rebellion of mob against Ulloa• Appeal by the people to French King to return Louisiana to French

family

– Pleas ignored by King Louis XV (no desire to offend ally, King Carlos III

of Spain)

– Colony an expensive burden to maintain

• Help requested from British governor at PensacolaSlide8

Arrival of the Military

• Colonists’ actions considered by Spanish to be treason

• Alejandro (Alexander) O’Reilly selected to regain and control colony

• Power of Spain asserted by O’Reilly

– Required colonists to take oath of allegiance to Spain

– Leaders of rebellion sentenced to death or prison

• O’Reilly called “Bloody O’Reilly” by FrenchSlide9

Section 2: Spanish Control

Words to Know: Treason: An act of rebellion against your government

Cabildo

: The Spanish form of government in

L

ouisisana

Surveyor: a person who establishes boundaries for property ownersSlide10

Order and Organization

• O’Reilly charged with removing French power and law from Spanish

colony

– Used Spanish colonial law as model

– Replaced French Superior Council with Spanish

Cabildo

– Abolished Indian slavery

• Population census commissioned by O’Reilly

• End of rebellion – colony under controlSlide11

Louisiana Under Unzaga

• Luis de

Unzaga

y

Amezaga

sent with O’Reilly to become next governor

– Overlooked Spanish laws, allowed British merchants to set up shops in New Orleans

– Appointed many French to government positions

– Repaired & strengthened Louisiana forts

• More soldiers brought into colony

• Sell of firearms to Indian tribes (increased the

loyalty of the Indians)Slide12

The Isleños

• Arrival of new colonists from Spanish Canary Islands (off NW coast of Africa)

– Called themselves

Isleños

(Spanish word for “islanders”)

– Faced disease, hurricanes, lost ships, delays

– Death of many (settlements of few in colony)

•

Isleños

brought to Louisiana for military

purposes

– Directed to become farmers

– Given basics by Spanish governmentSlide13

The IsleñosSlide14

Section 3: Louisiana in the American Revolution

Words to know:

neutral: not taking sides

militia: voluntary army

Siege:

a military operation in which enemy forces surround a town or building, cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling the surrender of those inside.Slide15

Louisiana in the American Revolution

• April, 1775 – beginning of American Revolution (“the shot heard round the world”) in Lexington, Massachusetts

• Resistance from colonists (British troops sent to seize their weapons)

• July 4, 1776 – Independence from King George III & Great Britain

declared by American colonies (Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin

Franklin

, Roger Sherman, and

Robert Livingston)Slide16

Spain Supports the American Revolution

• Spain glad to see Great Britain in trouble

• Americans secretly supported by Spanish with supplies from New

Orleans

• 1777 – Bernardo de

Gálvez

(new governor)

• Secret Spanish assistance to Continental

Army

directed from New Orleans by

American agent Oliver PollockSlide17

Spain Enters the War

• 1779: Spain entered war

– Allies with France against British

– Did not become ally of Americans

September 7, 1779:

Manchac

with 1500 soldiers captured

• September 21, 1779: British fort (New Richmond – present-day Baton Rouge) seized by

Gálvez

• Mobile and fort at Pensacola captured by

Gálvez

–

Gálvez

honored with royal title

–

Gálvez

still honored today as Spanish hero Slide18

September 7, 1779

Fort

Bute

Manchac

, LA

September 21, 1779

Fort New Richmond,

Baton Rouge, LA

September 21, 1779

Fort

Panmure

, Natchez, MS

October, 1780

Fort Charlotte, Mobile, AL

May 8 – 10, 1781

Fort George Pensacola, FLSlide19

The War Ends

• 1783: war ends with Treaty of Paris• Florida – a possession of Spain again

• Camino Real (“Road of the King”) improved to protect Spain’s

possessions

• Route from Texas to Louisiana used by vaqueros (cowboys)

Part of this is Hwy 90 todaySlide20

Camino RealSlide21

Old Spanish TrailSlide22

Section 4: Spanish Louisiana after the

American Revolution

Vocabulary:

French Revolution: uprising that took place in France in 1789. The people overthrew their government

Right of Deposit: The Americans could store their goods (exports) in warehouses before loading them onto shipsSlide23

•

Gálvez promoted to another assignment in colonial Spain• Esteban Rodriquez

Miro

sent to Louisiana as new governor (1785)

Spanish Louisiana after the American RevolutionSlide24

Challenges

• Major problems with Native Americans

• After war’s end – push of American settlers toward Spanish territory

• Desire of Spanish government for more loyal colonists in Spanish Louisiana

• 1788: Great New Orleans Fire (856 homes lost)

• 1794: Another devastating fire

• Improvement of life in colony

– Looser trade laws by Spain

– Increase in population

• 1790: Establishment of Fort

Miro

(City of Monroe)

– Origin of city of Monroe

– Name given to honor Governor

MiroSlide25

The French Revolution

• Unrest in colony due to French Revolution

– Connection of French heritage of many colonists

– Attraction of ideas of freedom

• Situation in France more violent (beginning of “the Reign of Terror”)

– Loyal French in constant danger of being beheaded

– Escape of some of noble class to LouisianaSlide26

Growth

• 1791: Francisco Luis Hector, Baron de Carondelet chosen as next Spanish governor

–Allowed free trade with United States

–Permitted foreign trade ships to enter Port of

New OrleansSlide27

Carondelet

Re-establish trust with the Native Americans. He looked to them for support in case the colonists tried to create a revolution against the Spanish Government.

Set up the first police department in New Orleans

Set up street lights in New Orleans

Stopped the importation of slaves for fear of a slave revolt in Louisiana Slide28

Boundary Disputes

• Push of western American farmers for more access to port of New

Orleans

• 1795: Pinckney’s Treaty formulated to solve situation

– free navigation of Mississippi to Americans

– agreement of right of deposit

– boundary set between United States and the Spanish territory at the

31⁰ N latitudeSlide29

Pinckney’s Treaty LineSlide30

Sugar Cane

Jesuits Priests were credited for bringing sugar cane to Louisiana Etienne Bore’ was able to process granulated sugar from Sugar Cane with the help of slaves from Haiti.

They came to Louisiana after the Slave Revolt Slide31

The Final Spanish Years

• 1794: Beginning of 1st newspaper in the colony (Le

Moniteur

de la

Louisiane

)

• New Orleans lifestyle offensive to Spanish priests

• Colony still unable to support itself (too expensive for Spain to keep)