Moroccan Case study Center for Environment and Development For The Arab region and Europe Fuel EconomyConsumption Fuel economy Miles per Gallon A measure of maximum distance covered by a vehicle ID: 760402
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Slide1
Fuel Economy/Consumption
Moroccan Case studyCenter for Environment and Development For The Arab region and Europe.
Slide2Fuel Economy/Consumption
Fuel economy (Miles per Gallon)
A measure of maximum distance covered by a vehicle
Fuel consumption (Liter per/ 100 km-Gallons/100 miles)
Amount of fuel saved in lower ranges of MPG higher than those in higher ranges
Consumer convenience
Slide3Vehicle Energy Efficiency
Engine
Losses (friction &pump)
Aerodynamics & Tires
Transmission Terrain
Balancing shafts
Bore-to-stroke ratio
Weight& Fuel
Slide4Standards
European Union
Entire fleet based on mass of a vehicle
Sliding scale application of standards
Tightening regulations
Overlooking technology
USA
F
irst standards: determined solely by production level
Modified Standards: Size based accounting for sales levels. Sole reliance on vehicle size
Slide5Driving cycle
Enforcement agency
Test figures presented by manufacturers
Cycle based on local conditions: driving patterns and behavior , road types and elevations levels, etc.
CAFÉ, NEDC, Japanese and South Korean .
Slide6Approach and limitations
GFEi definition of LDVs
Sales of new LDVs in the study years. Data obtained from manufacturers through an automotive markets consultant
Official figures for co2 emissions and fuel economy/consumption are used based on NEDC
Data was not obtained for 1% of new LDVs.
Parallel market sales were not obtained
Slide7Total Number of Vehicles on the Road
Slide8LDVs sales
Slide9Slide10Moroccan Macro Indicators
Motorization rates (Vehicles per 1000 inhabitants
): 81-84
much higher than Egypt and Moroccan (OICA, 2012)
Urbanization rate: 57.7 %, considerably higher than Egypt’s and lower Tunisia’s
GDP per capita at PPP : more than $6,600 for 2011-2013 (CIA, 2014)
Average GDP
g
rowth from 1999 to 2014: 4.43
Slide11Moroccan Trends Explanation
Motorization rate correlates with urbanization rate
Constant increase in total number of vehicles on the road
New LDVs sales show steady increase
Rate of increase lower than Egypt’s ?
+
Slide12Policy Environment
VAT ranges between 7 and 20% in two schemes for imported and domestic cars, lower than Tunisia’s.
In 2012 customs on European cars were levied. 17.5% for Asian cars and a lower rate for American one due to FTA
Free competition between authorized dealers due to government strategy of encouraging vehicles ownership
Less intense subsidy system
Slide13Policy Environment
Registration fees proportional to horsepower
Annual taxes for different horsepower ranges on a sliding scale
Luxury cars subject to additional taxes function of cost
Slide14Fuel economy/Consumption data
Slide15Fuel economy/consumption data
Slide16CO2 Emissions Data
Slide17CO2 Emissions data
Slide18Trends
Fuel consumption/economy lower than both OECD and non-OECD averages of 7-8 Liter/100km levels for 2005, 2008 and 2011 levels.
Weighted harmonic averages for fuel consumption/economy for diesel LDVs were always few decimal points above 4 liters/100
km
LDVs and CO2 emissions data display similar patterns
Fuel economy/consumption of diesel LDVs is lower than petrol’s LDVs
Weighted average co2 emissions for 2009 were considerably higher than those for 2012 and 2013.
Slide19Trends
Diesel LDVs comprise average passenger cars.
Weighted average diesel LDVs were higher than unweight average in 2009
Weighted average petrol LDVs were lower than unweight one in 2009
Trend set on a course of reversal as of 2012
Slide20Explanation
Less intense subsidies, lower diesel pump prices and gender preferences are raising the levels of fuel efficiency-consciousness in Morocco. They curb the impact of slashed tariffs.
Predominance of European cars thus capitalizing on increasingly stringent European standards
Higher weighted average co2 emissions in 2009 due to the sale of certain models, not sold in 2012 & 2013, associated with high co2 emissions levels.
Gender preferences affect the trends.
Slide21Needs
Slide22Opportunities
Export orientation sets limits on the introduction of strict local fuel economy standards.
Focus on European markets can pull towards more technologically sophisticated LDVs
Government support to automotive industry gives some leverage in regulating the market.
Investment charter and liberalized LDVs market rule out import restrictions
A combination of registration fees and vehicles taxations are already in place.
Increasing democratization, providing venues for a transparent, across-the-board societal dialogue.
Slide23Way Forward
Introduction of weight & engine-sized based criteria into the vehicle tax system
Development of policies directed at promoting energy-efficient technological attributes.
Drawing on international expertise in developing the
abovementioned policies.
Slide24Way Forward
Linking policies to attainable fuel consumption savings in absolute terms
Slide25Recommendations
Establishment of a multi-stakeholder resident committee to prepare a roadmap for the introduction of fuel economy standards
Drawing on international expertise in advising the committee on preparation and implementation of standards and import restrictions linked to accruing fuel savings.