Grant appointed friends and acquaintances with a lack of experience Spoils system Jackson would approve Many turned out to be dishonest Construction company kickback VP Whiskey Ring Bribes to IRS to avoid taxes costs govt billions ID: 430860
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Grant Administration
Grant appointed friends and acquaintances with a lack of experienceSpoils system (Jackson would approve!!!) Many turned out to be dishonestConstruction company kick-back (V.P.)Whiskey Ring Bribes to IRS to avoid taxes – costs gov’t billionsShady land dealsSlide2
Liberal Republican Party
Wanted “honesty”Horace Greeley was candidate in 1872 Lost to Grantdied immediately after electionWhat you should get out of this:Republican Party was split in twoWeakenedSlide3
Review
We have discussed various reasons to support the notion that Reconstruction was a struggle.When and why did Reconstruction itself collapse? Think: Democrats, Republicans, GovernmentRise of oppositional groups, Amnesty Act, Republican corruption and disunitySlide4
Objectives
Continue to trace the demise of the Republican Party and the downfall of Reconstruction.Determine if Reconstruction was a success or a failure. Slide5
In addition…
Panic of 1873Railroad company is broke, 3 million jobs lost, currency disputeGreenback dispute- weren’t backed by goldSpecie Resumption Act 1875- Gold StandardSlide6
Long story short…
By 1874, Radical Republicanism is dissolvingGovernment is struggling, Party is split, ex-Confederates are regaining rightsSupreme Court itself is undermining Republican actions!Slide7
Supreme Court Decisions
Slaughterhouse (1873)Civil Rights were up to states, not federal gov’t (14th amendment undermined)U.S. v. Cruikshank (1876)Federal government could not punish people who oppressed blacks (undermined 14
th amendment)U.S. v Reese (1876)15th Amendment didn’t grant voting rights, just stated grounds on which they couldn’t be taken away
All were eventually overturned, but at the time did a lot of damageSlide8
Equal Rights Fades Away
What causes the collapse?No support of the Supreme Court to enforce lawsRepublican Party losing credibilityReconciliation becomes a priority***Government can’t impose moral changeAll of this amounts to Civil Rights taking a back seat!!!!!! Slide9
Democrats “Redeem” South
1869 -1875, Democrats regain control of state governments“Redemption” = Return to power1876- Congressional Reconstruction ENDSRecap:Lincoln- 1863-1865“Presidential Reconstruction”- 1865-1867“Congressional Reconstruction” – 1867-1876Slide10
Election of 1876
Corruption = Grant is out!Republican Rutherford B. HayesDemocratic Tilden
Cleaned up corrupt Tweed Ring (Boss Tweed… a story for another day)Slide11
Election of 1876
Tilden wins popular vote but not electoral majorityVotes are disputedRepublican commission decides in favor of Hayes throws out votes from counties that kept voters from the pollsSouth willing to accept under one condition…Slide12
Compromise of 1877
Withdraw troops from south (Congressional Reconstruction Plan)Give South money to build a R x RAppoint Conservative Southerners to cabinetSlide13
Bye-Bye Republicans
No longer controlled governments in any Southern statesDemocrats achieved “home rule”Undid pro-black ReconstructionRestricted rights, wiped out social programs, dismantled public schoolsRECONSTRUCTION ENDS (1877)Slide14
Review- Downfall
Republicans gave blacks rights, but they were not well protectedSupreme court undermined amendmentsRadicals did not provide land reforms for freed slavesFreed slaves lacked independenceReview: Rebirth of “slavery”Underestimated racismSlide15
What do you think…
Was Reconstruction a success or failure??Debate Activity!Quiz Tuesday!!! (This is your review)Homestretch: Trace the evolution of the Civil Rights movement through the 1960s.