STAGES OF LABOR Stage 1stage of dilation lasts about 14 hours Contractions beginregular 45 minutes apart Cervix dilates to 10 centimeters Effacementprocess of cervix thinning and opening ID: 524932
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*Labor and Delivery
STAGES OF LABOR
*Stage 1—stage of dilation (lasts about 14 hours)
Contractions begin—regular, 4-5 minutes apart
*Cervix dilates to 10 centimeters
*Effacement—process of cervix thinning and opening
Baby moves into birth canal (head down)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hlyo6DV5UI
start at 35 seconds in—shows dilation and effacement with sock and ball
*Transition- hard labor
Contractions last about 90 seconds, 2-3 minutes apartSlide2Slide3Slide4Slide5
*Labor and Delivery
STAGES OF LABOR
*Stage 2—stage of delivery (lasts 25-45 minutes)
*Crowning—presentation of the head Slide6Slide7
*Labor and Delivery
Episiotomy—incision to prevent tearingSlide8
Labor and Delivery
Cesarean Section—delivery through incision in abdomen
Video 2B and 3BSlide9
Labor and Delivery
Forceps—tongs used to assist in delivery
Vacuum extractor—suction on baby’s head to assist in delivery.Slide10
Labor and Delivery Slide11
*Labor and Delivery
STAGES OF LABOR
*Stage 3—delivery of the placenta (lasts 15-20 minutes)
*Placenta delivered (afterbirth)
Following birth…
Stitch episiotomy
Begin newborn careSlide12
Labor and Delivery
NEWBORN CARE
During development in uterus, baby’s lungs are filled with fluid. Pressure of being squeezed through the birth canal forces much of the fluid out.
When the baby emerges, pressure is released and the lungs automatically expand. This is when the baby takes its first breath!
Within a few minutes after birth, the umbilical cord stops pulsing and is clamped, and cut. Slide13
Meconium
Meconium
is the earliest
stools
of an
infant
. It is composed of materials ingested during the time the infant spends in the
uterus
: intestinal
cells
,
lanugo
,
mucus
,
amniotic fluid
,
bile
, and water. This makes up the first “tar” like stools of the infant. Slide14
Meconium
If the fetus becomes distressed sometimes the Meconium (normally stored in the infant's bowel until after birth) is expelled into the amniotic fluid prior to birth or during
labor and delivery
This is called Meconium aspiration syndrome --
is a medical condition affecting newborn infants. It occurs when
meconium
is present in babies lungs during or before delivery
Baby story 1BSlide15
Labor and Delivery
NEWBORN CARE
Apgar Scale- shortly after delivery, the newborn’s physical condition is checked
Infant is given a rating in each of these five areas:
1. heart rate
2. breathing
3. muscle tone
4. reflex to stimulation
5. skin color
A score of 6 to 10 is considered normal. A lower score is a sign that the baby is in need of special medical attention.
Apgar Scale is used 1 minute after birth and again 5 minutes after birth. Slide16
Labor and Delivery
NEWBORN CARE
The baby is weighed, measured and cleaned up.
About 60 minutes after delivery, *silver nitrate drops are put in the baby’s eyes. This is to protect them from infection from STDs.
Permanent copies of footprints are made.
Identification bands are attached to wrist or ankle. Mom and Dad have a bracelet with same information. This is done before leaving the delivery area. Slide17
Labor and Delivery
NEWBORN CHARACTERISTICS
Wobbly large head that is ¼ of the baby’s length.
Lopsided, pointed head –this is temporary
Fontanels- open spaces where bones have not fused
Fat cheeks
Short, flat noseSlide18
Labor and Delivery
NEWBORN CHARACTERISTICS
Wobbly large head that is ¼ of the baby’s length.
Lopsided, pointed head –this is temporary
Fontanels- open spaces where bones have not fused
Fat cheeks
Short, flat noseSlide19
Labor and Delivery
NEWBORN CHARACTERISTICS
Receding chin
Eyes are nearly adult size—usually grayish blue—permanent color will be apparent within several months
Lanugo—fine downy hair that covers forehead, back and shoulders. This disappears as baby grows
Vernix—creamy substance that protects the skin in the amniotic fluid
Milia—white bumps on nose and cheeks (baby acne)Slide20
Labor and Delivery
Milia--This is my son Cameron about a week after he was born!!!Slide21
Labor and Delivery
HOSPITAL STAY
You will want to spend as much time with your baby as possible.
Bonding- forming a strong emotional tie between child and parents.
Rooming-In- the baby stays in the mothers room day and night rather than the hospital nursery.
If you are going to breastfeed, you want to get the baby to the breast as soon as possible.
Colostrum- first breast milk, high in antibodies, yellow/clear in color
Milk usually comes in by the third day after birth. Slide22
Breast Feeding
Advantages:
Best source of nutrition for the baby
Gives baby immunity against diseases
Creates a bond through physical closeness with the mother
Reduces baby’s risk of allergies
Causes fewer digestive upsets
Speeds return of mother’s uterus to normal size
Convenient
Free, although a nursing mother needs additional foodSlide23
Breast Feeding
Disadvantages:
Prevents father from participating in feeding
Baby needs to be fed more often
Less convenient
Uncomfortable Slide24
Labor and Delivery Slide25
Bottle Feeding
Advantages:
Allows father to participate in feeding
Convenient
Baby needs feeding less often
Disadvantages:
Can be expensive
No natural immunities
Creates chance for baby to develop allergies Slide26
Labor and Delivery
POSTNATAL CARE OF MOTHER
Postnatal—the period after birth.
Mothers Need:
Rest—try to sleep whenever the baby does.
Exercise—mild exercise when you feel up to it
Nutrition—eating right is as important now as it was during the pregnancy.
Pain management—ibuprofen; Percocet
Stool softeners—senna; a natural vegetable laxative
Simethicone—anti-gas medication
Medical check-up—about 4-6 weeks after birth the mother should have a postnatal check up. Slide27
Labor and Delivery
EMOTIONAL NEEDS
What kinds of emotions would new parent’s feel? Why?
What kinds of support would new parent’s need? Slide28
The Amazing Newborn
Babies are born with remarkable abilities!!
Reflexes- instinctive automatic responses.
Babies have some important reflexes:Slide29
REFLEXES
1.
Rooting reflex
—automatic response when touched on the cheek or lips to turn toward the source and open his mouth in search of food.
2.
Sucking reflex -
Put your (clean) finger in baby’s mouth and he will suck on it. This reflex ensures he will be able to feed. Replaced by voluntary sucking at 2 months.Slide30
Reflexes
3.
Startle or Moro reflex
—automatic response to a loud noise or touch on the stomach. The legs are thrown up, fingers are spread, and arms are extended and brought back rapidly while the fingers are closed in a grasping motion. Disappears by about 2 months. Slide31
Reflexes
4.
Stepping -
If you hold baby in an upright position with his feet touching the floor, his legs will seem to be trying to walk. This reflex will last about 4 months and he won’t actually walk until around 12 months.
5.
Palmar Grasp -
touch the palm of babies hand and his finger will curl around yours. Replaced at 5 – 6 months with hand eye coordination. Slide32
Reflexes
6.
Plantar grasp (Babinski reflex) -
stroke the sole of baby’s foot and his toes will spread open. Disappears by 12 months.
7.
Swimming -
If baby is placed in water his throat will close so he does not swallow water. This reflex disappears by 2-6 months. Not recommended to test for obvious safety reasons. Slide33
The Amazing Newborn
WHAT DO BABIES NEED?
Food—they will get restless, start to root, and eventually cry when hungry
Sleep—most take short naps at all times during the day. Sleep 15 hours in a 24 hour period. Typically 6-8 different sleep periods.
Exercise—wave arms, kick.Slide34
The Amazing Newborn
Kept safe, warm and clean.
Medical care—well baby check-ups for immunizations.
Stimulation—they need things to look at, listen to, and touch.
Love—need close contact with people around them.
You cannot spoil a baby!!!!Slide35
What Do Parents Need?
WHAT DO PARENTS NEED?
Knowledge of how to care for infant.
Resources that can provide answers to their questions.
Time to fill their many roles.
Emotional support from family and friends.
Financial planning.
Agreement on parenting and household responsibilities.
Privacy and time alone.