18701900 The Changing American Labor Force Child Labor Child Labor Labor Unrest 18701900 The Molly Maguires 1875 Irish Workers James McParland Management vs Labor Tools of ID: 691912
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Labor In The Late 1800s Labor Force Dist..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Labor In The Late 1800sSlide2
Labor Force Distribution
1870-1900Slide3
The Changing American
Labor ForceSlide4
Child LaborSlide5
Child LaborSlide6
Labor Unrest: 1870-1900Slide7
The Molly
Maguires
(1875
) Irish Workers
James
McParlandSlide8
Management vs. Labor
“Tools” of
Management
“Tools” of
Labor
“scabs”
P. R. campaign
Pinkertons
lockout
blacklisting
yellow-dog contracts
court injunctions
open shop
boycotts
sympathy
demonstrations
informational
picketing
closed shops
organized
strikes
“wildcat” strikesSlide9
A Striker Confronts a SCAB!Slide10
Tools of Management
Scabs - workers hired to replace those who went on strike
Pinkertons
– detectives hired to report on efforts to unionize and to put a stop to it.
Yellowdog
Contracts - contracts a worker had to sign to get a job in which he agrees NOT to join a union
Blacklisting – putting out negative information on you so no other company will hire you
Lockout – Businesses literally locked their doors Slide11
Cont
Court Injunctions – court orders to return to work
Open shop- a business where no one had to join a union and anyone could work- this is the opposite of a “closed shop” where a person MUST be a union member to work thereSlide12
Tools of Labor
Sympathy demonstrations – other businesses would walk off their jobs in support of a striking union
Closed Shops- businesses that required you be a union member to get a job there
Strikes- walking off your job and refusing to work until management agrees to your demandsSlide13
Knights of Labor
Terence V. Powderly
The first organized labor union 1869Slide14
Knights of Labor
Knights of Labor trade card
For skilled labor onlySlide15
Goal
s
of the Knights of Labor
Eight-hour workday
.
Workers’ cooperatives.
Worker-owned factories.
Abolition of child and prison labor.
Increased circulation of greenbacks.
Equal pay for men and women.
Safety codes in the workplace.
Prohibition of contract foreign labor
.
Abolition of the National Bank.Slide16
The Great Railroad Strike
of
1877 Slide17
Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in 1886
This proved to be the downfall of the
Knights of Labor because it made people
think the Anarchists And Socialists were
behind the unionSlide18
Haymarket Riot (1886
)
Chicago Illinois
McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.Slide19
The American Federation
of Labor: 1886
Samuel GompersSlide20
How the AF of L
Would Help the Workers
Catered to the skilled worker.
Represented workers in matters of national legislation.
Maintained a national strike fund.
Evangelized the cause of unionism.
Prevented disputes among the many craft unions.
Mediated disputes between management and labor.
Pushed for closed shops.Slide21
Homestead Steel Strike
(1892)
The Amalgamated Association of
Iron & Steel Workers
Homestead Steel WorksSlide22
Homestead Steel Strike
At the steel plant owned by Andrew Carnegie
He brought in Pinkerton Agency detectives to try to end it
Had enough money to wait them out until they had to go back to work in order to care for their families
2 people killed
Significant to the labor movement because it hampered unionization until the 1940s – no one wanted to risk organizing a union.Slide23
Attempted Assassination!
Henry Clay Frick
Alexander BerkmanSlide24
Big Corporate Profits!Slide25
A “Company
Town”:
Pullman, ILSlide26
Pullman Strike
Occurred in 1894
Company laid people off and cut pay but refused to lower rents
When the Panic was over and people went back to work the company refused to restore the pay to the pre-Panic level
The workers called for a
strike
The strike was organized by
Eugene V. Debs
the leader of the
American Railway UnionSlide27
The Socialists
Eugene V. Debs was a
socialist who began the
American Railway Union.
He believed that the
people should control
the means of production and
things should be distributed
fairly and workers should not
be taken advantage of.
He ran for president 5 times
but always lostSlide28
Pullman Cars
A Pullman porterSlide29
The Hand That Will Rule the World
One Big UnionSlide30
International Workers of the World
(“
Wobblies
”
)Slide31
Mother Jones:
“The Miner’s Angel”
Mary Harris.
Organizer for the
United Mine
Workers.
Founded the Social
Democratic Party
in 1898.
One of the founding members of the I. W. W. in 1905.Slide32
Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912Slide33
The “Formula”
unions
+
violence + strikes + socialists +
immigrants
=
anarchistsSlide34
Labor Union MembershipSlide35
The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor