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Reshaping America in the Early 1800s Reshaping America in the Early 1800s

Reshaping America in the Early 1800s - PowerPoint Presentation

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Reshaping America in the Early 1800s - PPT Presentation

64 A Religious Awakening Sparks Reform Reshaping America in the Early 1800s Lesson 4 A Religious Awakening Sparks Reform Learning Objectives Explain how the Second Great Awakening affected the United States ID: 755770

awakening religious great reform religious awakening reform great movement americans 1800s public social discrimination education analyze transcendentalism mormons church

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Slide1

Reshaping America in the Early 1800s 6.4: A Religious Awakening Sparks ReformSlide2

Reshaping America in the Early 1800s Lesson 4 A Religious Awakening Sparks Reform

Learning Objectives

Explain how the Second Great Awakening affected the United States.

Describe the discrimination that some religious groups suffered from in the mid-1800s.

Trace the emergence of the utopian and transcendentalism movements.

Analyze the goals and methods of the public school movement.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the prison reform and temperance movement.Slide3

Reshaping America in the Early 1800s Lesson 4 A Religious Awakening Sparks Reform

Key Terms

Second Great Awakening

revivalists

Charles Grandison Finney

evangelical

Joseph Smith

Mormons

Unitarians

utopian communities

Transcendentalists

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Henry David Thoreau

public school movement

Horace Mann

Dorothea Dix

penitentiary movement

temperance movement

Neal DowSlide4

The Second Great Awakening

By the early 1800s, the United States was well established as an independent, growing country. During this time of optimism, as settlers pushed westward and industry encouraged economic growth, American society was shaken by a religious movement that inspired Americans to change themselves and the world around them for the better.Slide5

The Second Great Awakening

Second Great Awakening: revival of religious feeling in the starting in the early 1800s that lasted about 50 years.Revivalists: preachers who wanted to revive or reenergize the role of religion in AmericaGain salvation by improving themselves and their soulsWorks well with individualism and self-reliance

We will end up improving society as wellSlide6

The Second Great Awakening

Started in Kentucky and would sometime last for a week (Revival)Charles Grandison Finney, Lyman BeecherEvangelical – teaching of the gospel by eliciting strong emotions and trying to attract converts.

Sabbatarian

reform movement – Christians who wanted Congress to pass a lay banning business transactions and mail delivery on the Sabbath.

African Americans starting in 1787 with Richard Allen (Philadelphia) created the African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1816.

African Americans found significance in the Bible. (Moses). Many slave revolt leaders said they were called by God to free people.Slide7

The Second Great AwakeningJoseph Smith – founder of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.Called Mormons

Unitarians – break away from the traditional “Trinity” and see God as a single being – a unity.More liberalSlide8

The Second Great Awakening

During the Second Great Awakening, religious revival meetings were held in open fields. This illustration depicts an 1850s camp meeting of the Duck Creek Methodist Episcopal church in Ohio.Slide9

The Second Great Awakening

Analyze InformationHow did the Second Great Awakening affect church membership by the mid-1800s?Slide10

The Second Great Awakening

Analyze Data Based on this graph, what prediction can you make about Mormon church membership in 1910?Slide11

Religious Discrimination and Intolerance

The preachers of the Second Great Awakening were Protestant. By the mid-1800s, well over half of all Americans were also Protestant. Non-Protestants were in the distinct minority and faced discrimination.Slide12

Religious Discrimination and Intolerance

Mormons isolated themselves in their own communitiesPolygamyBecame rich as they jointly held landVoted as oneNauvoo Illinois

Smith was arrested and sent to Missouri for treason charge – while in prison, a mob murdered him.

Catholics thought “undemocratic” and thus “

unAmerican

” as they followed the Pope. Also, most Catholics were Irish and poor –

nativists

views

Jews barred from holding office in the US

.Slide13

Religious Discrimination and Intolerance

Displaced Mormons settled in Nauvoo, Illinois, in 1839. Nauvoo remained the center of the Mormon religion until Brigham Young led the Mormons to Utah in 1848.Slide14

Religious Discrimination and Intolerance

Analyze Maps Based on the map, why do you think the Mormons chose Salt Lake City for resettlement?Slide15

Utopias and Transcendentalism

In the early 1800s, many Americans turned to Protestant churches, while some formed new religious groups. Still others sought different routes to try to fashion a more perfect society.Slide16

Utopias and Transcendentalism

Utopian communities – places where people lived by different societal rules and usually practiced communal living.Brook Farm and New Harmony – failedOnieda Community – complex marriage (can’t be selfish), birth control, and eugenic selection. Also raised children communally.

Overtime made superior silverware

Shakers – ecstatic behavior during service – no marriage or sex – died out.

Transcendentalists – believed that people could go beyond (transcend) logic or tradition in order to reach the deepest truths. Listen to nature, not religion.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Henry David Thoreau – student of Emerson

Jailed for not paying taxes to support Mexican War – immoral. Came up with Civil Disobedience – break the law for the right reasons.Slide17

Utopias and Transcendentalism

Analyze Maps In which region were communal societies concentrated? What factors may explain this distribution?Slide18

Utopias and Transcendentalism

Shakers built communities for their adherents such as Pleasant Hill in Kentucky.Slide19

Public Education Reform

The spiritual self-improvement inspired by the Second Great Awakening encouraged campaigns to improve and perfect society as well. Soon, many Americans began to put their religious ideals into practice by working to reshape, or reform, parts of American life. Their efforts would affect several groups of the most disadvantaged Americans.Slide20

Public Education ReformPublic school movement – tax supported public schools

Expanding education would give Americans the knowledge and intellectual tools they needed to make decisions as citizens of a democracy.Horace Mann – school reformer – supported state run free schools required by law to attendSlide21

Public Education Reform

Some young people, like these students, learned subjects such as reading and mathematics at local schools. But most young people were taught by their parents or not at all.Slide22

Public Education Reform

Analyze Data Why might school enrollment have varied over time?Slide23

Social Reform Movements

Americans who had little or no voice in how they were treated were of special concern to many reformers. That was one reason why many reformers worked tirelessly to help Americans who were imprisoned or mentally ill. Women were at the forefront of these social campaigns. This in itself was an extraordinary change in American social history, as women had traditionally been discouraged from taking on public roles.Slide24

Social Reform MovementsDorothea Dix – fought for social reform in prisons and hospitals in Massachusetts

32 state hospitals for mentally ill createdPenitentiary movement – not punish but make prisoners feel sorry for their crime.Temperance Movement – effort to end alcohol abuse and problems created by it.

Led to violence and crime

Domestic abuse

Neal Dow – mayor of Portland Maine, got the law changed outlawing the sale of alcohol.

Carry NationSlide25

Social Reform Movements

Dorothea Dix fought for social reform in prisons and hospitals throughout the state of Massachusetts. Her efforts contributed to the establishment of 32 state hospitals for the mentally ill.Slide26

Quiz: The Second Great Awakening

The idea that governments should not be involved in religious affairs is calledA. the anti-Sabbatarian reform movement.B. evangelical revivalism.C. anti-religious energy.

D. the separation of church and state.Slide27

Quiz: Religious Discrimination and Intolerance

In the 1800s, the political reason for anti-Catholicism was thatA. Protestants feared Catholics would be more loyal to the Pope than to the nation.B. Protestants feared the government would establish Catholicism as the state religion.

C. Catholics had gained too much political power in Congress.

D. Protestants believed Catholics would try to end religious tolerance.Slide28

Quiz: Utopias and Transcendentalism

Rather than following religious doctrines, Transcendentalists believed that people shouldA. supplement their devout religious practices with meditation.B. cast aside all religious doctrines and focus on individualism.

C. listen to nature and to their consciences to learn the truth.

D. separate themselves from mainstream society.Slide29

Quiz: Public Education Reform

A key reason Noah Webster's The American Spelling Book gained such popularity was that itA. emphasized America’s cultural independence from England.B. emphasized America's connection to England and its heritage.

C. focused on a new American 'language' crafted from others.

D. taught a distinctly aristocratic form of the English language.Slide30

Quiz: Social Reform Movements

Among Dorothea Dix's accomplishments wasA. the passage of the 'Maine Law.'B. the creation of the first modern mental hospitals.C. the establishment of government-supported Sunday schools.

D. the dismantling of the national prison system.