PDF-of Personality and Social Psychology Copyright 1998 by the American Ps

Information Weighs More Heavily on the Brain The Negativity Bias in Evaluative Categorizations A Ito Jeff T Larsen N Kyle Smith and John T Cacioppo Ohio State University Negative information. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin. 1998 24 (3),(see Clary et al., 1994, for direct self-report measures of functions, and Snyder & DeBono, 1985, 1989, for identification of functions through mo as Truisms: Evidence and R. Maio University of Wales at Cardiff M. Olson University of Western Ontario Three experiments tested the general hypothesis that values are cultural truisms--that is, bel People Know How They Behave? Self-Reported Act Frequencies Compared With On-Line Codings by Observers Samuel D. Gosling, Oliver E John, and Kenneth H. Craik University of California, Berkeley Richar disorders. Personality. Enduring . pattern of feeling thinking . and behavior . that make individual unique person. Elements of personality. Since early age. Consistent over time. Recognized by friends. Mechanisms of Interaction. Personality interacts with the situation in 3 ways:. Selection:. who we select to be around. Evocation. :. the reactions that our personalities evoke in others. Manipulation. Traits – the terms we use to describe yourself and others.. #1 - Social Cognitive Theory. Interaction of three factors. Cognitive-personal factors. • cognitive factors. • Include our beliefs, expectations, values, intentions, and. Uni. -dimensional or Multi-dimensional. Theoretical . or Psychometric (data reduction). Factor Analysis or Criterion Reference. Normal or Abnormal Traits. Group or Individual Administration. Oral or Written. Hans Eysenck believed that we can describe people’s personalities by classifying them along two scales: . Introversion-extraversion scale. Stable-unstable . scale. The Big Five. Many contemporary trait theorists believe personality can be described using 5 traits:. Today, we are analyzing the Grinch’s personality from three perspectives: Sigmund Freud, Carl Rogers, & Alfred Adler.. Sigmund Freud. Psychodynamic approach: focuses on the past and the subconscious.. PERSONALITY. What is Personality. ?. People . differ from. each . other in. meaningful . ways. People . seem to show. some . consistency in. behavior. Personality is defined as . distinctive and . Social Thinking. scientific . study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. Attributing Behavior to Persons or to Situations. You may . wonder whether . a person’s hostility . reflects an aggressive personality . inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. . usually without depression or delusions.. Robert Lee Yates: . Spokane Skid Row Killer. Personality Disorders. Broken down into Clusters:. Maladaptive variations or combinations of normal personality traits. Extremes on either end of specific trait dimensions can be associated with disorders.. An enduring pattern of experience and behavior that differs greatly from society’s expectations. DSM-IV lists 10 separate personality disorders, with an average prevalence of 1-2%. Three clusters: anxious-fearful, odd-eccentric, and dramatic-impulsive. Concern:. . Categorical vs. Dimensional (DSM-V)?.