PRE WWI Western Europe Catholic Protestant Eastern Europe Eastern Orthodox Middle East Islam Greek Orthodox Church WORLD WAR I Terrorists from the Black Hand Serbs assassinated Austrian Archduke ID: 592761
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Slide1
The Disintegration of Yugoslavia: BalkanizationSlide2Slide3
PRE - WWI
Western Europe = Catholic, ProtestantEastern Europe = (Eastern) Orthodox
Middle East =
Islam
Greek Orthodox ChurchSlide4
WORLD WAR I
Terrorists from the Black Hand (Serbs) assassinated Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
This was the “
spark
” that caused WWI.
The Allies forced the diverse groups into
Yugoslavia
. The
SERBS
(Orthodox) tended to dominate the new govt.Slide5
WORLD WAR II
Yugoslavia was attacked by the Germans in 1941.
Many
CROATS
(Catholic) saw an opportunity for revenge and sided with
the Nazis
and massacred thousands of Serbs.
1942Slide6
POST-WAR YUGOSLAVIA
During WWII, Marshall TITO defeated the Nazis.He became a dictator and later communist
.
His power kept
peace between the ethnic and religious groups.
When Tito died in 1980, ethnic tension increased.Slide7
1980-1989
The economy collapsed, especially in Serbia. The Serbs chose to blame the Muslim Albanians living in the province of KOSOVO - the poorest of the Yugoslavs.The Serbs begin “cracking down” on all non-Serbian ethnic groups.
Ethnic group distribution
in Communist YugoslaviaSlide8
1991
USSR collapsesAt a meeting to determine the future of Yugoslavia, Serb nationalism promoted by Slobodan Milosevic prompts the other regions to declare their independence from Yugoslavia.The new countries are Yugoslavia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, and
Bosnia-Herzegovenia.Slide9
1992
MILOSEVIC becomes the leader of Yugoslavia (mostly Serbian). Bosnian Serbs revolt against the Bosnian govt. because they do not want to live under a Muslim-led (Bosnian) govt. Civil War
begins. Serbs are fighting against Bosnian
Muslims
and Croats. Croatians and Bosnians also fought each other.
The
United Nations
sends peacekeeping forces and declares an
arms embargo
on Bosnia:
no one may sell or give weapons to either side.Slide10
1992-1995
Milosevic ignores the embargo and gives weapons to the Serbs. Serbs begin ETHNIC CLEANSING: getting rid of an ethnic group by killing them or forcing them to leave an area.Slide11
1992-1995
The UN created so called safe havens in 1993 and promised to protect the refugees.The Serbs attacked the safe havens, and NATO attacked the Serbs in response.
In 1994, the
Russian
govt. warned that they would not support any more attacks on Serbs
.Slide12
1995
The UN lifts the arms embargo.Since the war is no longer going their way, the Serbs agree to negotiate a cease fire.
Representatives from
Serbs, Croats, Bosnians
and diplomats from the UN create the
Dayton Agreement.
Bosnia and Herzegovina remains one
country
.
Yossi Lemel, Israel, 1995Slide13
Dec. 95 - Treaty
Serbs govern the areas they controlled, and the Muslims govern the rest.US, British and French troops have been sent to Bosnia to enforce the agreement.Slide14
1999 - Kosovo
In the late 90s the Serbs in Yugoslavia attempted to push out the ethnic Muslim Albanians
from the southern province of Kosovo. The local KLA could not resist.
NATO bombed Yugoslavia from
March to June
of 1999 until the Serbs withdrew.
Ethnic hatred still runs deep, and some Kosovars have
retaliated
against Serbs.Slide15
Serb refugees
Mass graves
Serb protestors
KLA - Kosovo
Liberation Army
Flags on caskets
Kosovar refugees
returningSlide16Slide17
Balkanization
The combination of the disintegration of Yugoslavia and ethnic cleansing caused a new term to be created:Balkanization – after the Balkan Peninsula – means the breakdown of a society along ethnic and/or religious lines.This term is also used to describe similar conflict in other regions.
Families attempt to identify the remains from mass graves. 20,000+ are still missing.Slide18
Today
Milosevic lost an election for president and then was turned over to the UN to be tried by the people of Yugoslavia in return for foreign aide. He is still popular with many Serbs.Marovic elected new president 3/2003All sanctions lifted, but infrastructure still bad from bombing
Marovic with Colin Powell
The revolution to oust MilosevicSlide19
Milosevic on Trial
On trial for war crimes at the UN in the Hague, Netherlands.Defending himself against war crimes:
Croatia
91-92-crimes against humanity;
Bosnia
92-95- genocide;
Kosovo
99- crimes against humanity – In all, 300,000+dead
Yugoslavia changed to
Serbia-Montenegro 2/2003 – Montenegro emancipated, 2006
Milosevic died in his UN jail cell of a heart condition in March, 2006 without any resolution to his case.