Infinitive Verbal Phrase A phrase that is centered around a verb form This verb form is NOT used as a verb in the sentence It is used as a noun adjective or adverb ID: 809635
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Slide1
Verbals
Gerund
Participle
Infinitive
Slide2Verbal Phrase =
A phrase that is centered around a
verb form.
This verb form is NOT used as a verb in the sentence
It is used as a
noun, adjective
or
adverb.There are 3 kinds of
verbals or verbal phrases:
GERUND
PARTICIPLE
IN
FINI
TIVE
Slide3Gerund
- ing
NOUN
What?
Slide4Gerund / Gerund Phrase
…centers around a verb form ending in
-ING…is always used as a noun
…is never surrounded by commas (except for appositives
)Caution! -ING verb forms can also be
verbs or adjectives (These are NOT
gerunds.)…can be used in each of the 6 noun positions
Slide5Positions of Gerunds(nouns)SubjectDirect objects
Indirect objectsAppositives
Objects of the prepositionPredicate nouns
Slide6Not all -ING
words are
Gerunds:
morningeveningsomethingnothing
anythingeverythingShe is driving to school today.
Slide7Gerund / Gerund Phrase
EXAMPLES:
Swimming the mile is my best event.I like swimming the mile.My best event is swimming the mile.
I gave swimming the mile a try.He lectured us about swimming the mile.My best event, swimming the mile, was canceled.
Slide8Gerund / Gerund Phrase
ANSWERS:
Swimming the mile is my best event. (Subject)
I like swimming the mile. (DO)My best event is swimming the mile
. (PN)I gave swimming the mile a try. (
IO)He lectured us about swimming the mile. (OP)
My best event, swimming the mile, was canceled. (APP)
Slide9Gerund / Gerund Phrase
EXAMPLES:
His sister was dancing in the show.I hate practicing the piano.
I gave my mom’s cooking a perfect 10.Sitting by the pool is quite relaxing.Wishing upon a star, Sue imagined a better life.
While I was walking on the beach, I found a sand dollar.
Slide10Gerund / Gerund Phrase
ANSWERS:
His sister was dancing in the show.
(not a gerund, verb phrase)
I hate practicing the piano. (DO)
I gave my mom’s cooking a perfect 10. (IO)
Sitting by the pool is quite relaxing. (S)Wishing upon a star, Sue imagined a better life.
(not a gerund, participial phrase)
While I was walking on the beach, I found a sand dollar.(not a gerund,
clause
)
Slide11Gerund / Gerund Phrase
EXAMPLES:
Becoming a doctor takes years of serious study.Kino’s specialty is cooking mushrooms.
The subtle squeaking of the door hinges told Mira that her sister was home.Carla decided on writing about famous women in history.
Mr. Riley enjoys the crackling of a campfire on a winter’s evening.
Slide12Gerund / Gerund Phrase
ANSWERS:
Becoming a doctor takes years of serious study. (S)
Kino’s specialty is cooking mushrooms. (PN
)The subtle squeaking of the door hinges told Mira that her sister was home. (S
)Carla decided on writing about famous women in history. (
OP)Mr. Riley enjoys the crackling of a campfire on a winter’s evening.
(DO)
Slide13Gerund / Gerund Phrase
EXAMPLES:
Traveling to new and interesting places is fun.The smiling child amused his parents.
Give playing golf another chance.Pam is studying for her French exam.Holding onto the kite, Jeremy received a cut.
Slide14Gerund / Gerund Phrase
ANSWERS:
Traveling to new and interesting places is fun. (S)
The smiling child amused his parents. (not a gerund,
participle)Give playing golf another chance. (IO)
Pam is studying for her French exam. (
not a gerund, verb phrase)Holding onto the kite, Jeremy received a cut.
(not a gerund, participial phrase)
Slide15Gerund / Gerund Phrase
patterns
to look for…
Subject
+
verb
…
Subject +
linking verb
+
PN
Subject +
action verb
+
DO
Subject +
action verb
(usu.
give
)
+
IO
DO
Preposition
+
OP
S,
Appositive
,
verb…
(Other combinations are possible for this one.)
Slide16Participle
-ing
-d
-ed
-n-en-nt
ADJECTIVE
What kind?
Which one?
Slide17Participles…
are
verb forms that act like
adjectives.
can end in –ing, -d, -
ed, -n, -en, nt
will come as close as they can to the noun they modify
can come BEFORE or
AFTER the noun it modifies
Slide18Participles
Examples:
The
frowning clown fell down. (article
/ adj./noun)
The clown, frowning at the crowd, fell down.
Frowning at the crowd, the clown fell down.
Slide19Participial Phrases…
may fall at the
beginning of the sentence.
If so, it will be separated from the sentencewith a
commaExample
:Bent by the wind
, the tree finally fell over.
Slide20Find the participles:
The fallen tree blocked the road.
Mary had to replace the soiled carpet.
Mike’s goal was hiking the Rockies.The running water eroded the soil.We finally got our own swimming pool.
Eating jalapeno peppers can be painful.
Slide21Find the participles (Answers)
The
fallen
tree blocked the road.Mary had to replace the soiled
carpet.Mike’s goal was hiking the Rockies.
(gerund)The running water eroded the soil.
We finally got our own swimming pool.
Eating jalapeno peppers can be painful. (gerund)
Slide22Find the participial phrases:
Running quickly, the puppy caught up with the family.
Seeing my family made me feel safe.
Bending in the wind, the tree finally fell.The wind, whipping through the valley, did extensive damage.
I saw my uncle waiting for me.
Slide23Find the participial phrases
(Answers)
Running quickly
, the puppy caught up with the family.Seeing my family made me feel safe. (gerund)
Bending in the wind, the tree finally fell.The wind,
whipping through the valley, did extensive damage.I saw my uncle
waiting for me.
Slide24Find the participial phrases:
Granny’s goal, quilting a huge quilt, will have to wait until spring.
Martha’s hobby is sewing for the family.
Sitting by the dock, Bob felt lonely.
The boy sitting by the bay was my cousin.Not watching his steps, the toddler fell down.
Slide25Find the participial phrases
(Answers)
Granny’s goal,
quilting a huge quilt, will have to wait until spring. (gerund / appositive)
Martha’s hobby is sewing for the family. (gerund)
Sitting by the dock, Bob felt lonely.
The boy sitting by the bay was my cousin.
Not watching his steps, the toddler fell down.
Slide26Participle / Participial Phrase
patterns
to look for…
participial phrase
,
Subject
+
verb
…
Subject
,
participial phrase
,
verb
…
Subject
+
verb
+
DO
participial phrase
Preposition
+
OP
participial phrase
Article
participle
Noun
Slide27In
fini
tive
to +
verb
NOUN /
ADJECTIVE
/ ADVERB
What?
(NOUN)
Which one?
(ADJ.)
What kind?
(ADJ.)
Why?
(ADV.)
Slide28Infini
tive
RULES:
Center around TO + verbVerb is “naked” – No endings (-
ing, -ed, etc.)Examples: to go, to sit, to talk, etc.
Can be used as noun, adj. or adv
.Caution! Do not confuse with
prepositional phrases using “to”(to school, to me
, to us, to them, to lunch, etc.)
Slide29Find the In
fini
tives
I wanted to go to the mall today.My mom went to bed early.Your cat ate too much food today.
To sleep all day is unhealthy.I want to ask you a question.
Slide30Find the In
fini
tive Phrases:
I went to the pond to fish for bass.I have to go to the mall before supper.To make good grades, one must study.
My goal is to make good grades.I sat with the team to give them my support.Don’t try to get out of here too fast.
Slide31Infini
tive Phrases used as
NOUNS:
I want to get a car for my birthday.My goal is to get a car for my birthday.
To get a car for my birthday would be wonderful.My goal, to get a car for my birthday, may never happen.Which two noun positions are not used?
Slide32In
fini
tive
Phrases used as ADJECTIVES:
The movie to see is Avatar
.I missed the road to take to the beach.The place to see moose is Canada.
I need a place to keep my book bag. Adjective infinitive phrases will come
directly after a noun and modify it by answering “which?” or “what kind?.”
Slide33In
fini
tive
Phrases used as ADVERBS:
I went to the pond to fish.
To get into Harvard, you must study.I am happy to be here.I am sad to see you go.
An infinitive phrase that comes first in a sentence MAY be an adverb, but it will have a comma after it. Adverb infinitive phrases usually answer “why?” or “how?.”
Slide34Some famous In
fini
tives :
“To be or not to be
, that is the question.”“To know me is to love me.”
“You’ve got to live a little.”“I vant to drink your bloooooood.”
“I wanna hold your hand.”“I’ve only just begun to fight
.”“To boldly go where no man has gone before…” (split infinitive)
Slide35Look for patterns…