developmentprogressorg BEYOND BASICS The growth of postprimary education in Kenya Okwach Abagi Director OWN amp Associates Kenya devprogress developmentprogressorg devprogress ID: 326045
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BEYOND
BASICS
The growth of post-primary education in Kenya
Okwach
AbagiDirector, OWN & Associates, Kenya
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Outline
Kenya
context
The growth of post-primary education in KenyaFactors enabled enrollment improvements
Challenges ahead Lessons learntSlide4
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Kenya
Context
Kenya
, an East
African country: Development, Business, ICT and Education
Hub
Three enemies at Independence in 1963:
Poverty
Ignorance
DiseaseSlide5
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Kenya experienced a significant rise in school life expectancy – from 8.4 years in 2000 to 11 years in 2009
Source: UNESCO
School life expectancy, primary to tertiary (years)Slide6
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The secondary enrolment rates increased by 50% in 10 years
–from
40% in early 2000s up to 60% in 2009
Source: UNESCO
Gross enrolment ratio,
secondarySlide7
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Access to higher education has
increased,
though still well below the sub-Saharan
Source: UNESCO
Gross enrolment ratio,
tertiarySlide8
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Increase in gender parity in enrolment rates since the 1970s with more recent setbacks
Source: UNESCO
Gender parity index Slide9
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What
are the
factors driving progress?
Increasing
call and demand for higher levels of education by the public: education
→job→
investment
→
quality
of
life
→
development
Strong
political will and commitment to education beyond only the basic levels:
responsive
policies, strategies, leadership, mobilization, and resources, (Education as a platform for election campaigns e.g. 2002,
2007and 2013 General Elections)Slide10
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What
are the
factors driving progress?
Significant domestic and international resources targeted at education programme (e.g.
Kenya Education Sector Support Programme
(KESSP) 2005/06-2009/10) with elements of these supporting post-primary levels
C
ommunities
and the private
sector: aggressive
and proactive in investing and increasing education opportunities at the secondary and tertiary
level Slide11
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What
are the r
emaining challenges?
Addressing
entrenched inequality (regional, economic, and gender) across the system
Maintaining and sustaining the gains in access and participation in post
-primary
education, under increased poverty, depressed economic growth and increased insecurity (e.g. in ASAL and Coastal Counties
).
Mobilizing additional resources for education (e.g. County government making investment in quality education a priority).Slide12
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What
are the
remaining
c
hallenges?Quality (and even relevance) at all levels of Kenya’s education system is a
major challenge (limited resources, teachers, commitment, poor pedagogy
etc
.)
Unemployment of schooled
graduates, influencing young
people’s attitudes towards
education
Financial
constraints and sustainability: huge resources needed for
infrastructure,
teaching-learning materials, teachers, quality assurance, capitation grants, university students loans,
equipment's
etc.
→
But limited resources existSlide13
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Critical issues in
education progress
in Kenya
Commissions
and task forces in education: involving the public but also shifting the public attention from challenges in education.
Enabling environment for investment and resource mobilization: increase in the number of schools and classrooms (Public, Community, Private, and Religious based investing)
: Primary to
Universities.
Research for
policy
:
informing the public and creating pressure
on
the Government (the role of researchers, policy analysts & the media);
Public interest, demand and push for education:
competition
in the job market
. But not in ASAL regions.Slide14
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Lessons to learn from Kenya
Political will and commitment being a great driving force
Lowering households’ burden for education to increase access to secondary and university education
Community (and household) action, demanding and investing in post-primary education.
Balancing expansion to access to education (educational opportunities) with quality and relevance
programmes. GoK
and other stakeholders have just realized that this issue is important (core focus of researchers and
MoE
Sector Plan)
But above all:
Focus! Target! Focus! And Target.Slide15
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Thank
you for your attention
Okwach
Abagi (
PhD)Director
, Policy, Capacity Building & M& E Specialist
OWN
& Associates Ltd, Nairobi KENYA
.
Email:
abagiown@gmail.comSlide16
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xploring what works and why
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