Week 5 CultureEthnic Minorities Cultural Change Heinrich Mann 18711950 Professor Unrat 1905 Der Untertan 1918 Freie Volksbühne free peoples theatre established 1889 and staged plays with a social message such as Gerhard Hauptmanns Die Weber ID: 291976
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German History HI136Week 5Culture/Ethnic MinoritiesSlide2
Cultural Change
Heinrich
Mann (1871-1950),
Professor
Unrat (1905), Der Untertan (1918).Freie Volksbühne (free people’s theatre) – established 1889 and staged plays with a social message such as Gerhard Hauptmann’s Die Weber.Scientific DiscoveriesX-rays (1895)Radioactivity (1896)The electron (1897)Quantum theory (1900)Special theory of relativity (1905)Munich Secession (1892).Berlin Secession (1898).Die Brücke (1905)Der Blaue Reiter (1911-14)
August Macke,
Woman
in Front of a Hat Shop
(c. 1914) Slide3
Käthe Kollwitz, The Downtrodden (1900)National Museum of Women in the ArtsSlide4
James Simon sr.
The bust of Nefertiti
German excavations in Egypt (1911-14)Slide5
The sexologist
Dr.
Magnus
Hirschfeld
(1868-1935)The Kaiser’s favourite: Prince Phillip zu Eulenburg (1847-1921)SexualitySlide6
Front covers of
Pan
,
Jugend
and SimplicissimusMass Culture/Entertainment Slide7Slide8
LebensreformSlide9
Reformed clothingSlide10
Alfred Messel’s departmental store WertheimSlide11
Treatment of ethnic minoritiesPoles (Westprussia and Posen, Western Germany: Ruhr). At first assimilation, resentmens from the local population, national turn after the Germanizing laws; Poles Catholic
Expropriation law 1908; new law defining citizenship as ethnically German (1913)
Danes: smaller numbers, deportations of those deemed “anti-German” to Denmark after 1900
Alsace-Lorraine: “milder”
praxeological approach, special territory in the German Empire, escalation after ZabernJewsSchool laws and GermanizationMentality defining ethnic minorities as “enemies of the Empire” (Reichsfeinde)Slide12
Jews in Imperial GermanyComplicated and ambivalent storyOver 500,000, increasingly urban group, but their percentage in population decreasingMiddle class, socially mobile, successful group
envy of others
Antisemitism
: for the poor: symptom of fear of modernity; nobility: continuity and one of codes of belongingNew, racial antisemitism (Marr, Treitschke)Reformed Judaism, assimilation, low conversions, rising intermarriageJews the keenest Germans? (soldiers, colonizers, voters)Anti-Jewish violence and accusations of ritual murder at Xanten (1891-2) and Konitz (1900-01)Central Association of German Citizens of Jewish Faith (1893)Slide13
Berlin furrier Philipp Manes reminiscences in Theresienstadt about his youth (1888)
As If It Were Life
, ed. Klaus
Leist
and Ben Barkow (2010)