Hyphens By Joanna McDowell When do we use hyphens Range of numbers Compound numbers Fractions Certain prefixes and suffixes Compound nouns Coequal nouns Compound modifiers Facilitate Reading ID: 310918
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Slide1
Hyphens
Hyphens
By Joanna McDowellSlide2
When do we use hyphens?
Range of numbers
Compound numbers
Fractions
Certain prefixes and suffixesCompound nouns Coequal nounsCompound modifiersFacilitate ReadingSlide3
Numbers
Numbers
Range of numbers
Example: Pages 14-24
Compound numbersEx: The gym teacher demanded that the boy complete ninety-nine more push-ups even though he could hardly breathe after completing one.
Fractions
Ex: After pushing himself to his limits and completing fifty push-ups, the boy could not believe that he was only
one-half
of the way finished.Slide4
Prefixes and Suffixes
Use hyphens with certain prefixes and suffixes such as: all
-, anti
-, ex
-, mid-, neo-, post-, pre-, pro-, -elect, and self- require a hyphen. Example: After reading a book about anti-establishment and pro-feminism ideals, Molly threw all-purpose flour at her boyfriend for saying women can never be self-employed
. It is safe to say that he is now her
ex-boyfriend
.
Use hyphens with prefixes that come before proper nouns and dates Examples: Anti-American, mid-1960’s
Optional to use a hyphen when the last letter of the prefix and the first word of the root word are the same.
Examples: Re-examination, re-engineer
Remember that not all words with prefixes and suffixes will require a hyphen.
Examples: antiwar, unhappy
Slide5
Compound Nouns
Although most compound nouns are not hyphenated there are several exceptions to the rule.
For example: Mr. Johnson was very proud of his great-granddaughter, who was a student-athlete and president-elect of the student council at her high school.
Coequal Nouns
Use hyphens when a word has two nouns that function equally in meaning.
Examples: writer-illustrator, director-actor, librarian-professor Slide6
Modifiers
Compound Modifiers
Use hyphens to join modifiers that precede noun
Ex: Middle-class family, self-fulfilling prophecyUse hyphens to join compound modifiers in which the second word is a present or past participle. Ex: sports-loving uncle, self-motivated student,
Use hyphens to join compound modifiers with numbers.
Ex: second-semester senior, twentieth-century literature
Use hyphens in phrases that function as modifiers.
Ex: all-you-can-eat buffet, over-the-counter medication Slide7
Facilitate Reading
Use hyphens to avoid confusion, misreading, and awkward spelling.
Ex: Sharon had to re-sign the paper because she used pencil and not pen.
Ex: semi-independent not
semiindependant Slide8
Activity
Newspaper Activity
Find several 3hyphenated words in your article.
Pick 3 words and write them on the board.
Be prepared to explain to the class why they were hyphenated according to your new knowledge and mastery of hyphenations.GOOD LUCK