Individuality & Conformity Unit Vocabulary Definitions - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Individuality & Conformity Unit Vocabulary Definitions

The vocabulary terms from this class will be roughly 50% content vocabulary and 50% useful words from the literature we read.

To be a successful student, you must be able to take your own notes that will help you to study and learn.

You will be quizzed over these vocabulary words every week, and they will also appear on your tests and projects.

You may choose to write down the exact definition from the PowerPoint,

or

to write a shorter or longer definition that uses your own words.

You should include an example for each term that will help you to memorize it. This can be a name, sentence, phrase, mnemonic, or even a picture.Slide2

Week 1

Individualism:

the belief that the needs of each person are more important than the needs of the whole society/group; the actions or attitudes of a person who does things without being concerned about what other people will think

Collectivism:

the belief that the needs of a whole society/group are more important than the needs of a single person

Conformity:

Behavior that is the same as that of most other people in your society/group; behavior that meets other people’s expectations

Prudent:

wise

Transient:

short-lived; not lasting a long time; fleeting

Usurp:

to take something that does not belong to you

Tyrant:

a ruler who uses their absolute power to take advantage of people; a cruel, oppressive ruler

Absolve:

to declare someone free from guilt, blame, or responsibilitySlide3

Week 2

Direct characterization

:

when the author

describes a character (TELLS)

Indirect characterization

:

when the reader learns about a character through their words, actions, thoughts, or interaction with others (SHOWS)

Irony:

when there is a contrast between expectation and reality

Verbal Irony:

saying the opposite of what you mean

Dramatic Irony:

Occurs when the reader knows something the character doesn’t

Situational Irony

: when what happens is the opposite of what the reader or character expected

7.

Ambiguity:

when something can be read, understood, or interpreted in more than one way (adjective form = ambiguous)

8.

Repress:

to control someone/something; to prevent someone/something from reaching their full potentialSlide4

Week 3

Text

: a written work, such as a story, article, poem, book, or play

Textual evidence

: a specific example or quotation from the text that supports your argument

Concrete detail:

(CD) a fact, example, or claim

Parenthetical documentation

:

(P-DOC)

a citation inside parentheses () that comes at the end of a sentence with textual evidence. In MLA format, it includes the author’s last name and the page number where the information appeared.

Ex:

Lily says, “Poor Miss May” (Kidd 51).

Commentary:

(CM) A sentence explaining why the CD or textual evidence is important.

Summarize

: to give a shorter statement of the main idea in your own words

Paraphrase

: to restate someone else’s ideas in your own words

Direct quotation:

using someone else’s language word-for-wordSlide5

Week

4

Arbitrary:

based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or rule

Degrade:

to lower in quality, status, or rank

Oppress:

to crush or burden with the abuse of power or authority

Assert:

to behave in a way that expresses your confidence, importance, or power

Comply:

to follow a rule; to act according to expectations

Solidarity:

a feeling of unity based on common goals and interests

Benign:

gentle, kind, harmless

Pathological:

harmful; so extreme that it is abnormal or possibly caused by diseaseSlide6

Week

5

1. Alliteration

: repetition of beginning sounds

Jamba Juice, school spirit

2. Parallelism

: Using similar grammatical structures in repeated phrases, sentences, or lines

I came, I saw, I conquered

The bigger they are, the harder they

fall

3. Inversion

: changing word order to emphasize the words at the end of the

sentence

4. Figurative language:

language that has a meaning other than its literal meaning – simile, metaphor, #6 & 7, etc.

5.

Personification:

describing a non-human entity as if it were human

6.

Hyperbole:

describing something as larger or more important than it really is; exaggeration

7

. Sensory

detail

: a detail that appeals to one of the five senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, or sound)

8

. Imagery:

language that creates an image in the reader’s mindSlide7

Week

6

Assonance (n):

repetition of vowel sounds (making bacon pancakes)

Consonance (n):

repetition of consonant sounds

Allegory (n):

A story that has both a literal meaning (its plot) and a symbolic meaning (something it represents or stands for)

Paranoia (n):

extreme, irrational distrust or suspicion of others

Persecution (n):

hostility or ill treatment, often due to being different

Afflict (v):

to cause pain or harm to someone

Construe (v):

to understand or interpret something in a particular way, such as clues, words, or actions

Hysteria (n):

 a situation in which many people behave or react in an extreme or uncontrolled way because of fear, anger, etc.Slide8

Week

7

Drama

: literature written to be performed; plays

Dialogue:

conversation between 2 or more characters

Monologue

: a speech by one character which other characters can hear

Soliloquy

: a speech by one character which is not heard by other characters

Aside:

a short comment made by a character to the audience, which other characters cannot hear

Overture:

an introduction to the rest of the play

Stage directions:

directions that tell the director and actors what to do; not meant to be read aloud.Slide9

Week

8

Essay

writing terms