PPT-Newton’s Universal Law of Gravity

Every object attracts every other object with a force that is directly proportional to the masses of the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the centers of the objects. Universal gravitational constant G667 x 10 11 Nm kg 2 2 EPS 122 Lecture 14 Gravity and isostasy Theory of gravity Gravitational potential Definition The gravitational potential V due to a point mass m at a distance r from m is the work done by th Claudius Ptolemy . –. 87 . –. 150 CE. Nicholas Copernicus . –. 1473 . –. 1543. Galileo . Galilei. . –. 1564 . –. 1642. Johannes . Kepler. . –. 1571 . –. 1630. Isaac Newton . Einstein and Newton. 1. Newtonian Gravity. Newton explains the universe using forces. 2. Newton. Newtonian gravitational theory is based on forces acting on one another.. An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion (in a straight line) until acted upon by another force.. 4. – Newton and Einstein. ASTR 101. Prof. Dave Hanes. Newton . Succeeds!. The orbit of (newly-discovered) Uranus. Halley. ’. s comet (and others, later). The prediction of Neptune. The prediction of Pluto . Recap. You’ve been exposed to basic . F. g. . Standing on Earth, you experience gravitational force.. Jumping, you still experience it. It slows you down until you reach the . peak. of your motion, then it pulls you down faster and faster.. ASTR 101. Prof. Dave Hanes. Orbiting Near, Around, . and Away from the Earth. Let’s consider:. Ballistic missiles on Earth. Artificial satellites. Geosynchronous satellites. Actually escaping the Earth. Isaac Newton (1642-1727). Galileo found that bodies with different masses experienced the same acceleration when dropped to the ground. But he didn’t know why.. Kepler. discovered that the motions of the planets were perfectly reproduced by 3 mathematical relations. Like Galileo, . Honors Physics . Zero Gravity Cats!. Universal Gravitation. ALL. objects attract each other with a force of gravitational attraction. Gravity is universal. . This . force of gravitational attraction is directly dependent upon the masses of both objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance that separates their centers. . Astronomy, Chapter 2. D Taylor. © 2011, 2012, 2013,2014. Gravity and Motion. 2. Introduction. Gravity. gives the Universe its structure. It is a universal force that causes all objects to pull on all other objects everywhere. Earth, Moon, and Sun Gravity and Motion Isaac Newton was the first scientist to explain what keeps the Earth and Moon in orbit Force – a push or a pull There is a force acting between the Earth and the moon that keeps them in orbit Convert the following to scientific notation. Distance from Sun. : 92,960,000 . miles ____. Estimated Age of universe – 14,000,000,000. Convert the following to standard form. Speed of light = 9.0 * 10. An Invisible Force. Gravity. Every object pulls on every other object with an invisible force called . gravity. .. There is . gravity. between you and your toy car, but you won’t notice it because it is so weak.. Mark Sonnick. Newton’s Law of Gravitation . Neil DeGrasse Tyson. Chronology. b. . 1642, . Woolsthorpe. , Lincolnshire. 1661: Matriculates at Trinity College, Cambridge. 1665: Newton earns his B.A.; Plague. Ms. Ha. I. Astronomers. A. Galileo . Galilei. 1. Born in Italy: 1564. 2. Taught math at University. 3. New lens maker: telescope. 4. Galileo: 1609 built his own. B. What did he discover?. 1. Moon was rough, not smooth.