Unit 3 Formulations What is a Formulation All the Ingredients in a pesticide product The active ingredients or control chemical The inert inactive ingredients Usually formulations are diluted in water a petroleumbased solvent or other diluents ID: 708615
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Slide1
Ohio Pesticide Applicator Training
Unit 3FormulationsSlide2
What is a Formulation?All the Ingredients in a pesticide productThe active ingredients or control chemicalThe inert (inactive) ingredientsUsually formulations are diluted in water, a petroleum-based solvent, or other diluents.Slide3
Types of FormulationsLiquidsSlide4
Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC or E)
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Easy to handle, transport, and store.
Little agitation required.
Non abrasive.
Do not plug screens or nozzles.
Little visible residue
High concentration.
Easily absorbed through skin.
Solvents may cause surfaces to deteriorate.
Flammable.
May be corrosiveSlide5
Solutions (S)
Dissolve readily in a liquid solvent.
When
mixed, forms a solution that will not settle out or separate.
Formulations
of these pesticides usually contain the active ingredient, the solvent, and one or more other ingredients.Slide6
Ready to Use (RTU)
Pre-mixed pesticide products.
Contain
active ingredient and correct amount of solvent.
No
further dilution is required.
Often
1% or less of active ingredient.Slide7
Concentrate Solutions (C or CL)
Must be further diluted.
Mix
readily, no agitation required.
Limited
number of formulations.Slide8
Ultra-Low-Volume (ULV)
ADVANTAGES
Relatively easy to handle, transport, and store.
Little agitation required.
No plugging of screens and nozzles.
Not abrasive to equipment.
DISADVANTAGES
High drift hazard
Specialized equipment required.
Easily absorbed through skin.
Solvents can deteriorate equipment parts.Slide9
Flowables (F or L)
Insoluble solids mixed with water and other inert ingredients to form a suspension.
Easy
to handle and apply.
Require
moderate agitation.
May
leave a visible residue.Slide10
Aerosols (A)
ADVANTAGES
Ready to use.
Easily stored.
Convenient
Retain potency
DISADVANTAGES
Practical for very limited uses.
Risk of inhalation injury.
Hazardous if punctured, overheated, or used near open flame.
Difficult to confine to target site or pest.Slide11
Invert Emulsions
Water soluble pesticide with an oil based carrier.
Form
large droplets that do not drift easily.
Commonly
used in vegetation control along rights of way.Slide12
Types of FormulationsDrySlide13
Dusts (D)
ADVANTAGES
No mixing, ready to use.
Requires simple equipment
Effective in hard-to –reach indoor areas.
Good choice where moisture from a spray would cause damage.
DISADVANTAGES
Easily drift off target
Does not stick to surfaces.
May irritate
eyes, nose
, throat and skin.
Difficult to get even distribution of materialSlide14
Baits (B)
ADVANTAGES
R
eady
to use.
DISADVANTAGES
Selective site application
Control pests that move in and out of an area.
Can be attractive to children.
May kill non-target animals.
Dead pests may cause odor
problem
.Slide15
Granules (G)
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Ready to use, no mixing.
Low drift hazard.
Little hazard to applicator.
Simple application equipment.
Slow- release
Does not stick on foliage
May need to be incorporated into soil.
May need moisture to activate.
Hazardous to non-target species.Slide16
Pellets (P or PS)
Similar to granular formulations
All
the particles are the same shape and size.Slide17
Wettable Powders (WP or W)
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Easy to store, handle, and transport.
Less likely than EC’s and others to cause harm to treated target.
Easily measured and mixed.
Less skin and eye absorption than EC’s and other liquids.
Inhalation hazard to applicator while pouring and mixing the concentrated powder.
Requires constant agitation in spray tank.
Abrasive to many pumps and nozzles./ clogs nozzles.
Residues may be visible.Slide18
Soluble Powders (SP or WSP)
Look like Wettable powders.
Dissolve
readily and form a true solution.
Inhalation
hazard.
Few
pesticides available in this form.Slide19
Microencapsulated Pesticides (M)
ADVANTAGES
Increased safety to applicator.
Easy to mix, handle, and apply.
Releases pesticide over a period of time.
DISADVANTAGES
Constant agitation necessary in tank.
Special honey bee risk.Slide20
Water-Dispersible Granules (Dry Flowables) (WDG or DF)
Similar to wettable powders.
More
easily measured and mixed.
Less
inhalation hazard during pouring and mixing.Slide21
Fumigants
ADVANTAGES
Toxic to a wide range of pests.
Can penetrate tight areas.
Single treatment will usually kill most pests.
DISADVANTAGES
Target site MUST be enclosed to prevent gas from escaping.
Highly toxic to all living organisms.
Requires specialized protective and application equipment.Slide22
Adjuvants / Surfactants
“Surface active ingredients”
Examples
include: Wetting Agents, Emulsifiers, Invert Emulsifiers,
SpreadStickers
, Penetrants, Foaming Agents, Thickeners,
Safeners
, Compatibility agents, Buffers, Anti-foaming agents.Slide23
References
Applying Pesticides Correctly, OSU Bulletin 825
Ohio
State University Extension