PPT-Phylogeny and Modern Taxonomy

Section 13 Learning Goals We are exploring modern classification of species using phylogeny We are learning to use phylogenetic trees to identify common ancestors Modern Taxonomy traditional classification grouped species according to morphology body shape size and other structural features . Taxonomy of Evctives:. . Furst,Taxonomy, NewcombTrefzmodel Taxonomy was used inthis study.Table 1. Comparison of Bloom’s Taxonomy and the Newcomb-Trefz ModelBloom’s TaxonomyNewcomb-Trefz Mo Phylogenies. The process of evolution produces a pattern of relationships between species. . As . lineages evolve and split and modifications are inherited, their evolutionary paths diverge. . This . Phylogeny. The evolutionary history of a species or group of species. . Convergent Evolution. A process in which species from different evolutionary branches may come to resemble each other if they live in similar environments and natural selection favored similar adaptions.. Molluscan Phylogeny 1307 Table 1 Previous Results on Molluscan Phylogeny on the Basis of Molecular Data NUMBER OF SEQUENCES AUTHOR(S) GENE OR PROTEIN Other Mol- Meta- lusca zoa TREE CONSTRUCTION METHO 4/30/14. Scientists classify millions of species. 400. years ago, scientists believed that . related. animals looked alike, and classified animals based upon their . appearance. and behavior. . Classification and . Biologists use a system of . scientific. . classification. . to organize information about the diversity of living things. .. Why classify?. classified organisms as either . animals. or . plants. .. Systematics. Phylogeny. Phylon. = tribe, . geny. . = genesis or origin. The evolutionary history of a species or a group of related species.. Investigating the Tree of Life. Phylogeny: the evolutionary history of a species or group of species. Biologists use a system of . scientific. . classification. . to organize information about the diversity of living things. .. classified organisms as either . animals. or . plants. .. . Animals were classified according to the where they lived.. Haeckel’s evolutionary trees are among the first attempts at phylogeny inference.. Darwin’s tree. Schools of thought. A. Evolutionary Taxonomy. The basic view was that the best way to reconstruct the phylogeny of a group is to spend a lifetime learning everything one can about the biology of the group.. Mario Vaneechoutte. Laboratory Bacteriology Research. University of Ghent. Flanders, Belgium. Boerhaave . Course. . January 16. th. , 2009. Leiden, the Netherlands. Slides available at: http://users.ugent.be/~mvaneech/LBR.htm. Johanne Ahrenfeldt . PhD Student. Overview. What is Phylogeny? . How has it been used in the past?. Advantages of WGS based phylogeny. - Vibrio . cholerae. . case. BREAK. How are we using it?. CSI phylogeny & . . Streptomycetaceae. Alan Ward. Motivation. Streptomyces . taxonomy. 16S. Whole genome sequencing. A bigger 16S phylogeny. Where is the diversity. The type strains. Associate Professor. J. N. . College,Boko. Alpha(Classical), Omega(Modern) and . Cladistic. Taxonomy. Difference between Alpha & Omega Taxonomy. Modern trends in taxonomy. . Taxonomists now accept that, the morphological characters alone should not be considered in systematic classification of plants. The complete knowledge of taxonomy is possible with the principles of various disciplines like Cytology, Genetics, Anatomy, Physiology, Geographical Distribution, Embryology, Ecology, Palynology, Phenology, Bio-Chemistry, Numerical Taxonomy and Transplant Experiments. These have been found to be useful in solving some of the taxonomical problems by providing additional characters. It has changed the face of classification from alpha (classical) to omega (modern kind). Thus the new systematic has evolved into a better taxonomy.. Dr. Habibur Rahman, Associate Professor, J. N. College, Boko. Aims of Taxonomy. . To provide a convenient method of identification and communication.. . To provide classification which is based on natural affinities of organisms, as far as possible..